UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 1 Sep 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question A Main Statement is followed by four Statements labelled P, Q, R and S. Choose the ordered pair of the Statements where the first Statement implies the second, and the two Statements are logically consistent with the Main Statement. Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance. Statement P: Riya is in Marketing. Statement Q: Riya is in Finance. Statement R: Riya is not in Marketing. Statement S: Riya is not in Finance. Select the correct answer. a) SP only b) RQ only c) Both SP and RQ d) Neither SP nor RQ Correct Answer: C Explanation: Option c is the correct answer. Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance. This implies that Riya must be in one of the two roles (not neither). Pair Analysis: SP: If Riya is not in Finance (S), then she must be in Marketing (P). Consistent. RQ: If Riya is not in Marketing (R), then she must be in Finance (Q). Consistent. Hence, both SP and RQ follow logically and are consistent with the main statement. Incorrect Answer: C Explanation: Option c is the correct answer. Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance. This implies that Riya must be in one of the two roles (not neither). Pair Analysis: SP: If Riya is not in Finance (S), then she must be in Marketing (P). Consistent. RQ: If Riya is not in Marketing (R), then she must be in Finance (Q). Consistent. Hence, both SP and RQ follow logically and are consistent with the main statement.

#### 1. Question

A Main Statement is followed by four Statements labelled P, Q, R and S. Choose the ordered pair of the Statements where the first Statement implies the second, and the two Statements are logically consistent with the Main Statement.

Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance.

Statement P: Riya is in Marketing. Statement Q: Riya is in Finance. Statement R: Riya is not in Marketing. Statement S: Riya is not in Finance.

Select the correct answer.

• a) SP only

• b) RQ only

• c) Both SP and RQ

• d) Neither SP nor RQ

Answer: C

Explanation:

Option c is the correct answer.

Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance. This implies that Riya must be in one of the two roles (not neither).

Pair Analysis: SP: If Riya is not in Finance (S), then she must be in Marketing (P). Consistent. RQ: If Riya is not in Marketing (R), then she must be in Finance (Q). Consistent.

Hence, both SP and RQ follow logically and are consistent with the main statement.

Answer: C

Explanation:

Option c is the correct answer.

Main Statement: Riya joins either Marketing or Finance. This implies that Riya must be in one of the two roles (not neither).

Pair Analysis: SP: If Riya is not in Finance (S), then she must be in Marketing (P). Consistent. RQ: If Riya is not in Marketing (R), then she must be in Finance (Q). Consistent.

Hence, both SP and RQ follow logically and are consistent with the main statement.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. A two-digit number has distinct digits. Question: What is the number? Statement-I: The number is even and the sum of its digits is 11. Statement-II: The difference between the digits is 3. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements? a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together Correct Answer: c Explanation From Statement-I (even; sum = 11): possible two‑digit candidates include 92, 74, 56… (distinct digits and even), so not unique ⇒ not sufficient. From Statement-II (difference = 3): possible pairs (7,4), (4,7), (8,5), (5,2), (9,6), (6,3)… ⇒ many numbers ⇒ not sufficient. Combining: sum 11 and difference 3 ⇒ the digit pair must be (7,4) (since 7+4=11 and 7−4=3). With distinct digits and even, the number is 74 (47 is odd). Hence, both together are required; option (c) is correct. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation From Statement-I (even; sum = 11): possible two‑digit candidates include 92, 74, 56… (distinct digits and even), so not unique ⇒ not sufficient. From Statement-II (difference = 3): possible pairs (7,4), (4,7), (8,5), (5,2), (9,6), (6,3)… ⇒ many numbers ⇒ not sufficient. Combining: sum 11 and difference 3 ⇒ the digit pair must be (7,4) (since 7+4=11 and 7−4=3). With distinct digits and even, the number is 74 (47 is odd). Hence, both together are required; option (c) is correct.

#### 2. Question

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

A two-digit number has distinct digits.

Question: What is the number?

Statement-I: The number is even and the sum of its digits is 11. Statement-II: The difference between the digits is 3.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

• a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

• b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

• c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

• d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Answer: c

Explanation

From Statement-I (even; sum = 11): possible two‑digit candidates include 92, 74, 56… (distinct digits and even), so not unique ⇒ not sufficient. From Statement-II (difference = 3): possible pairs (7,4), (4,7), (8,5), (5,2), (9,6), (6,3)… ⇒ many numbers ⇒ not sufficient. Combining: sum 11 and difference 3 ⇒ the digit pair must be (7,4) (since 7+4=11 and 7−4=3). With distinct digits and even, the number is 74 (47 is odd). Hence, both together are required; option (c) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. A two-digit number has tens digit A and units digit B. Question: What is the number? Statement-I: The sum of its digits is 9. Statement-II: The number exceeds the number formed by reversing its digits by 27. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements? a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together Correct Ans) c Exp) Option c is the correct answer. Let the number be 10A + B, with A ≠ B and A,B ∈ {0,1,…,9}, A ≠ 0. Statement I: A + B = 9 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81). Not sufficient. Statement II: (10A + B) − (10B + A) = 27 → 9(A − B) = 27 → A − B = 3 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 41, 52, 63, 74, 85, 96). Not sufficient. Combining both: A + B = 9 and A − B = 3 → Adding: 2A = 12 → A = 6 → Then B = 3 → Number = 63 (unique). Hence, both statements together are sufficient; neither alone is sufficient. Incorrect Ans) c Exp) Option c is the correct answer. Let the number be 10A + B, with A ≠ B and A,B ∈ {0,1,…,9}, A ≠ 0. Statement I: A + B = 9 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81). Not sufficient. Statement II: (10A + B) − (10B + A) = 27 → 9(A − B) = 27 → A − B = 3 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 41, 52, 63, 74, 85, 96). Not sufficient. Combining both: A + B = 9 and A − B = 3 → Adding: 2A = 12 → A = 6 → Then B = 3 → Number = 63 (unique). Hence, both statements together are sufficient; neither alone is sufficient.

#### 3. Question

A Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

A two-digit number has tens digit A and units digit B.

Question: What is the number?

Statement-I: The sum of its digits is 9. Statement-II: The number exceeds the number formed by reversing its digits by 27.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

• a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

• b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

• c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

• d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Let the number be 10A + B, with A ≠ B and A,B ∈ {0,1,…,9}, A ≠ 0.

Statement I: A + B = 9 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81). Not sufficient.

Statement II: (10A + B) − (10B + A) = 27 → 9(A − B) = 27 → A − B = 3 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 41, 52, 63, 74, 85, 96). Not sufficient.

Combining both: A + B = 9 and A − B = 3 → Adding: 2A = 12 → A = 6 → Then B = 3 → Number = 63 (unique).

Hence, both statements together are sufficient; neither alone is sufficient.

Exp) Option c is the correct answer.

Let the number be 10A + B, with A ≠ B and A,B ∈ {0,1,…,9}, A ≠ 0.

Statement I: A + B = 9 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81). Not sufficient.

Statement II: (10A + B) − (10B + A) = 27 → 9(A − B) = 27 → A − B = 3 → Multiple possibilities (e.g., 41, 52, 63, 74, 85, 96). Not sufficient.

Combining both: A + B = 9 and A − B = 3 → Adding: 2A = 12 → A = 6 → Then B = 3 → Number = 63 (unique).

Hence, both statements together are sufficient; neither alone is sufficient.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question There are six people playing Hockey, namely P, Q, R, S, T and U. P and T are brothers. U is the sister of T. R is the only son of P’s uncle. If Q and S are the daughters of the brother of R’s father, then consider the following statements: Statement I: There are exactly three females playing hockey. Statement II: There are exactly three males playing hockey. Statement III: U is the sister of T. How many of the above mentioned statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Answer: c Explanation Given: P and T are brothers ⇒ both are males. U is the sister of T ⇒ U is female. Since P and T are brothers, U is also P’s sister. R is the only son of P’s uncle ⇒ R is male. Q and S are daughters ⇒ both are females. Now: Statement I: Females = Q, S, U ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct. Statement II: Males = P, T, R ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct. Statement III: U is the sister of T ⇒ directly given ⇒ Correct. Thus, all three statements are correct ⇒ option (c) is correct. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation Given: P and T are brothers ⇒ both are males. U is the sister of T ⇒ U is female. Since P and T are brothers, U is also P’s sister. R is the only son of P’s uncle ⇒ R is male. Q and S are daughters ⇒ both are females. Now: Statement I: Females = Q, S, U ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct. Statement II: Males = P, T, R ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct. Statement III: U is the sister of T ⇒ directly given ⇒ Correct. Thus, all three statements are correct ⇒ option (c) is correct.

#### 4. Question

There are six people playing Hockey, namely P, Q, R, S, T and U. P and T are brothers. U is the sister of T. R is the only son of P’s uncle. If Q and S are the daughters of the brother of R’s father, then consider the following statements:

Statement I: There are exactly three females playing hockey. Statement II: There are exactly three males playing hockey. Statement III: U is the sister of T.

How many of the above mentioned statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Answer: c

Explanation

• P and T are brothers ⇒ both are males.

• U is the sister of T ⇒ U is female. Since P and T are brothers, U is also P’s sister.

• R is the only son of P’s uncle ⇒ R is male.

• Q and S are daughters ⇒ both are females.

• Statement I: Females = Q, S, U ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct.

• Statement II: Males = P, T, R ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct.

• Statement III: U is the sister of T ⇒ directly given ⇒ Correct.

Thus, all three statements are correct ⇒ option (c) is correct.

Answer: c

Explanation

• P and T are brothers ⇒ both are males.

• U is the sister of T ⇒ U is female. Since P and T are brothers, U is also P’s sister.

• R is the only son of P’s uncle ⇒ R is male.

• Q and S are daughters ⇒ both are females.

• Statement I: Females = Q, S, U ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct.

• Statement II: Males = P, T, R ⇒ exactly three ⇒ Correct.

• Statement III: U is the sister of T ⇒ directly given ⇒ Correct.

Thus, all three statements are correct ⇒ option (c) is correct.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Ten students are standing in a row. If Rajesh picked two students randomly from the row, then what is the probability that the selected students are standing adjacent to each other? (a) 2/3 (b) 1/5 (c) 2/5 (d) None of these Correct Answer: (b) The total number of ways of selecting two students out of 10 students = 10C2 = (10 × 9)/2 = 45 The number of ways two adjacent students may get selected is 9, i.e. (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (7, 8), (8, 9) and (9, 10). So, the required probability = 9/45 = 1/5 Hence, option (b) is the right answer. Incorrect Answer: (b) The total number of ways of selecting two students out of 10 students = 10C2 = (10 × 9)/2 = 45 The number of ways two adjacent students may get selected is 9, i.e. (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (7, 8), (8, 9) and (9, 10). So, the required probability = 9/45 = 1/5 Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

#### 5. Question

Ten students are standing in a row. If Rajesh picked two students randomly from the row, then what is the probability that the selected students are standing adjacent to each other?

• (d) None of these

Answer: (b)

The total number of ways of selecting two students out of 10 students = 10C2 = (10 × 9)/2 = 45 The number of ways two adjacent students may get selected is 9, i.e. (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 7), (7, 8), (8, 9) and (9, 10).

So, the required probability = 9/45 = 1/5 Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

Answer: (b)

So, the required probability = 9/45 = 1/5 Hence, option (b) is the right answer.

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