UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 1 Feb 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question The medieval period in Europe was a time of significant transformation and development. The period saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and feudalism emerged as the dominant economic, social and political system, which was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and control. At the top of this hierarchy were the lords or nobles, who held vast estates and exercised significant political power over their vassals or serfs. The feudal system was accompanied by a complex web of social customs and traditions that regulated the behavior of different classes of people. The nobility were expected to behave with honor and chivalry, while the common people were expected to be obedient and deferential. The Catholic Church also played a significant role in shaping medieval society, with the pope acting as both a spiritual and temporal authority. The Church maintained a vast network of monasteries and religious orders, which were often the only sources of education and healthcare in medieval Europe. Based on the above passage, following assumptions have been made: Proprietorship of land decided the social stratum. Monasteries were the only source of education and health care. The economic and political systems other than Feudalism were trivial in medieval Europe. Feudalism kept a tab on the demeanour of people. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? a) 1 and 4 only b) 2, 3 and 4 only c) 1, 3 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Answer: C Explanation The passage states that ‘feudalism emerged as the dominant economic, social and political system, which was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and control’. It implies that land ownership decided the social stratum. Hence statement 1 is correct. In the passage, it’s mentioned that monasteries and religious orders were often the only sources of education and healthcare. So, it implies that sometimes there were other sources of education and health care. Hence statement 2 is incorrect. Passage states that feudalism emerged as the dominant, economic, social and political system. So it implies that other economic and political systems of medieval Europe were Trivial. Hence, statement 3 is correct. The passage states that ‘The feudal system was accompanied by a complex web of social customs and traditions that regulated the behavior of different classes of people’. It implies that feudalism regulated the behaviour of the people. Statement 4 says the same thing, just the words have been rephrased. (Tab on demeanour ⇒ regulating behaviour). Hence statement 4 is correct. Incorrect Answer: C Explanation The passage states that ‘feudalism emerged as the dominant economic, social and political system, which was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and control’. It implies that land ownership decided the social stratum. Hence statement 1 is correct. In the passage, it’s mentioned that monasteries and religious orders were often the only sources of education and healthcare. So, it implies that sometimes there were other sources of education and health care. Hence statement 2 is incorrect. Passage states that feudalism emerged as the dominant, economic, social and political system. So it implies that other economic and political systems of medieval Europe were Trivial. Hence, statement 3 is correct. The passage states that ‘The feudal system was accompanied by a complex web of social customs and traditions that regulated the behavior of different classes of people’. It implies that feudalism regulated the behaviour of the people. Statement 4 says the same thing, just the words have been rephrased. (Tab on demeanour ⇒ regulating behaviour). Hence statement 4 is correct.

#### 1. Question

The medieval period in Europe was a time of significant transformation and development. The period saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and feudalism emerged as the dominant economic, social and political system, which was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and control. At the top of this hierarchy were the lords or nobles, who held vast estates and exercised significant political power over their vassals or serfs. The feudal system was accompanied by a complex web of social customs and traditions that regulated the behavior of different classes of people. The nobility were expected to behave with honor and chivalry, while the common people were expected to be obedient and deferential. The Catholic Church also played a significant role in shaping medieval society, with the pope acting as both a spiritual and temporal authority. The Church maintained a vast network of monasteries and religious orders, which were often the only sources of education and healthcare in medieval Europe.

Based on the above passage, following assumptions have been made:

• Proprietorship of land decided the social stratum.

• Monasteries were the only source of education and health care.

• The economic and political systems other than Feudalism were trivial in medieval Europe.

• Feudalism kept a tab on the demeanour of people.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• a) 1 and 4 only

• b) 2, 3 and 4 only

• c) 1, 3 and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Explanation

• The passage states that ‘feudalism emerged as the dominant economic, social and political system, which was characterized by a hierarchical system of land ownership and control’. It implies that land ownership decided the social stratum. Hence statement 1 is correct.

• In the passage, it’s mentioned that monasteries and religious orders were often the only sources of education and healthcare. So, it implies that sometimes there were other sources of education and health care. Hence statement 2 is incorrect.

• Passage states that feudalism emerged as the dominant, economic, social and political system. So it implies that other economic and political systems of medieval Europe were Trivial. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

• The passage states that ‘The feudal system was accompanied by a complex web of social customs and traditions that regulated the behavior of different classes of people’. It implies that feudalism regulated the behaviour of the people. Statement 4 says the same thing, just the words have been rephrased. (Tab on demeanour ⇒ regulating behaviour). Hence statement 4 is correct.

Explanation

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The Aryan invasion theory is a contentious topic in Indian history. The theory suggests that the Aryans, a group of nomadic warriors, migrated to India from central Asia around 1500 BCE and conquered the indigenous Dravidian population. They brought their language, Sanskrit, and established a new social hierarchy based on caste. However, this theory has been challenged by some scholars due to a lack of archaeological or genetic evidence. Alternative theories propose that the Aryans may have migrated to India peacefully and gradually assimilated with the indigenous people, leading to the development of Hinduism and other aspects of Indian culture. Some scholars argue that the Aryan invasion theory was a colonial construct aimed at justifying British rule over India. Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage given above? a) The Aryan invasion theory is deep rooted in Indian history. b) The Aryan invasion theory has been challenged due to a lack of evidence. c) The Aryan invasion theory was a colonial construct. d) Hinduism, Sanskrit and caste-based hierarchy are legacy of Aryans. Correct Answer: B Explanation The passage discusses various Aryan invasion theories and how it has been a subject of debate among scholars due to a lack of evidence. It has not come to any conclusion as to which is the accepted theory. So, this is the crux of the passage. Hence, option b is correct. Incorrect Answer: B Explanation The passage discusses various Aryan invasion theories and how it has been a subject of debate among scholars due to a lack of evidence. It has not come to any conclusion as to which is the accepted theory. So, this is the crux of the passage. Hence, option b is correct.

#### 2. Question

The Aryan invasion theory is a contentious topic in Indian history. The theory suggests that the Aryans, a group of nomadic warriors, migrated to India from central Asia around 1500 BCE and conquered the indigenous Dravidian population. They brought their language, Sanskrit, and established a new social hierarchy based on caste. However, this theory has been challenged by some scholars due to a lack of archaeological or genetic evidence. Alternative theories propose that the Aryans may have migrated to India peacefully and gradually assimilated with the indigenous people, leading to the development of Hinduism and other aspects of Indian culture. Some scholars argue that the Aryan invasion theory was a colonial construct aimed at justifying British rule over India.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the crux of the passage given above?

• a) The Aryan invasion theory is deep rooted in Indian history.

• b) The Aryan invasion theory has been challenged due to a lack of evidence.

• c) The Aryan invasion theory was a colonial construct.

• d) Hinduism, Sanskrit and caste-based hierarchy are legacy of Aryans.

Explanation

• The passage discusses various Aryan invasion theories and how it has been a subject of debate among scholars due to a lack of evidence. It has not come to any conclusion as to which is the accepted theory. So, this is the crux of the passage. Hence, option b is correct.

Explanation

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question The woman of today is still searching, still revolted, still being transformed. The woman of tomorrow has yet to emerge, and everything is still possible. Woman hopes. She is aware that the civilization of her age does not represent the ultimate destiny of humanity. She is aware that her true significance and potential cannot be measured in terms of the current concept of a woman. She refuses to accept the present as the only form of human life and insists upon a complete revision of the past in order to achieve a true historical perspective. And she is right. What is the most logical assumption that can be made from the passage given above? a) Women's liberation has only been achieved in certain countries and social contexts. b) Women's subjugation is the result of inherent biological differences. c) The woman of tomorrow is not yet defined and has the potential to be anything. d) Both the present and the future of women looks bleak to us. Correct Answer: C Explanation The author clearly argues that woman of tomorrow is yet to emerge. The author is suggesting that the woman of today recognizes that the present society, including its history and cultural norms, is not the only form of human life. She refuses to accept the current status quo as the only way things should be and insists on revising the past to achieve a more accurate historical perspective. The following lines highlight the same, “She is aware that her true significance and potential cannot be measured in terms of the current concept of a woman. She refuses to accept the present as the only form of human life and insists upon a complete revision of the past in order to achieve a true historical perspective. And she is right.” Incorrect Answer: C Explanation The author clearly argues that woman of tomorrow is yet to emerge. The author is suggesting that the woman of today recognizes that the present society, including its history and cultural norms, is not the only form of human life. She refuses to accept the current status quo as the only way things should be and insists on revising the past to achieve a more accurate historical perspective. The following lines highlight the same, “She is aware that her true significance and potential cannot be measured in terms of the current concept of a woman. She refuses to accept the present as the only form of human life and insists upon a complete revision of the past in order to achieve a true historical perspective. And she is right.”

#### 3. Question

The woman of today is still searching, still revolted, still being transformed. The woman of tomorrow has yet to emerge, and everything is still possible. Woman hopes. She is aware that the civilization of her age does not represent the ultimate destiny of humanity. She is aware that her true significance and potential cannot be measured in terms of the current concept of a woman. She refuses to accept the present as the only form of human life and insists upon a complete revision of the past in order to achieve a true historical perspective. And she is right.

What is the most logical assumption that can be made from the passage given above?

• a) Women's liberation has only been achieved in certain countries and social contexts.

• b) Women's subjugation is the result of inherent biological differences.

• c) The woman of tomorrow is not yet defined and has the potential to be anything.

• d) Both the present and the future of women looks bleak to us.

Explanation

The author clearly argues that woman of tomorrow is yet to emerge. The author is suggesting that the woman of today recognizes that the present society, including its history and cultural norms, is not the only form of human life. She refuses to accept the current status quo as the only way things should be and insists on revising the past to achieve a more accurate historical perspective. The following lines highlight the same, “She is aware that her true significance and potential cannot be measured in terms of the current concept of a woman. She refuses to accept the present as the only form of human life and insists upon a complete revision of the past in order to achieve a true historical perspective. And she is right.”

Explanation

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question As humanity continues to advance technologically, concerns about the environmental impact of our actions have become increasingly urgent. While many individuals and organizations have taken steps to reduce their carbon footprint and promote sustainability, progress on a global scale has been slow. In fact, some experts argue that our current economic system, which prioritizes growth and consumption above all else, is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological stability. Others point to the power dynamics inherent in global governance structures, which often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants. Nevertheless, a growing movement of activists, scientists, and ordinary citizens is pushing for systemic change, insisting that we must fundamentally restructure our societies if we hope to ensure a liveable future for generations to come. What is the main idea behind this passage? a) The slow progress of global sustainability efforts. b) The incompatibility of economic growth with ecological stability. c) The power dynamics of global governance structures. d) The need for systemic change to ensure a liveable future. Correct Answer: D The passage argues that despite individual and organizational efforts to reduce carbon footprint and promote sustainability, progress on a global scale has been slow due to issues such as the prioritization of economic growth and consumption, as well as power dynamics in global governance structures. It concludes that a growing movement is pushing for systemic change to ensure a liveable future for generations to come. So, statement 4 is the main idea behind the passage. Hence statement D is correct. Incorrect Answer: D The passage argues that despite individual and organizational efforts to reduce carbon footprint and promote sustainability, progress on a global scale has been slow due to issues such as the prioritization of economic growth and consumption, as well as power dynamics in global governance structures. It concludes that a growing movement is pushing for systemic change to ensure a liveable future for generations to come. So, statement 4 is the main idea behind the passage. Hence statement D is correct.

#### 4. Question

As humanity continues to advance technologically, concerns about the environmental impact of our actions have become increasingly urgent. While many individuals and organizations have taken steps to reduce their carbon footprint and promote sustainability, progress on a global scale has been slow. In fact, some experts argue that our current economic system, which prioritizes growth and consumption above all else, is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological stability. Others point to the power dynamics inherent in global governance structures, which often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants. Nevertheless, a growing movement of activists, scientists, and ordinary citizens is pushing for systemic change, insisting that we must fundamentally restructure our societies if we hope to ensure a liveable future for generations to come.

What is the main idea behind this passage?

• a) The slow progress of global sustainability efforts.

• b) The incompatibility of economic growth with ecological stability.

• c) The power dynamics of global governance structures.

• d) The need for systemic change to ensure a liveable future.

• The passage argues that despite individual and organizational efforts to reduce carbon footprint and promote sustainability, progress on a global scale has been slow due to issues such as the prioritization of economic growth and consumption, as well as power dynamics in global governance structures. It concludes that a growing movement is pushing for systemic change to ensure a liveable future for generations to come. So, statement 4 is the main idea behind the passage. Hence statement D is correct.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question What is the implicit fact stated in the passage? a) The majority of people are indifferent to environmental issues b) The wealthy nations and corporations hold significant power in global governance structures c) Activists and scientists are the only ones pushing for systemic change d) Economic growth is inherently unsustainable. Correct Answer: B The passage implicitly suggests that global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants. This is evident in the statement that “power dynamics inherent in global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants.” So, statement B is correct. Incorrect Answer: B The passage implicitly suggests that global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants. This is evident in the statement that “power dynamics inherent in global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants.” So, statement B is correct.

#### 5. Question

What is the implicit fact stated in the passage?

• a) The majority of people are indifferent to environmental issues

• b) The wealthy nations and corporations hold significant power in global governance structures

• c) Activists and scientists are the only ones pushing for systemic change

• d) Economic growth is inherently unsustainable.

• The passage implicitly suggests that global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants. This is evident in the statement that “power dynamics inherent in global governance structures often favour the interests of wealthy nations and corporations over the needs of the planet and its most vulnerable inhabitants.” So, statement B is correct.

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