UPSC Editorials Quiz : 8 May 2024

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Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials, an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu. Best of luck! 🙂

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding T+0 trading settlement cycle. Under the T+0 trade cycle, the settlement of trades will happen on the same day after the closure of the T+0 market. At present all the large-cap stocks in NSE are available for trading in the T+0 settlement cycle. All investors are eligible to participate in the T+0 trade settlement cycle without any requirements. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. The BSE and NSE introduced trading in the T+0 rolling settlement cycle in the equity segment on an optional basis. The beta version of the optional T+0 settlement cycle, or same-day settlement, was launched for a set of 25 scrips, and with a limited set of brokers. Under the T+0 trade cycle, the settlement of trades will happen on the same day after the closure of the T+0 market. If investors sell a share, they will get the money credited to their account the same day, and the buyer will also get the shares in their demat account on the very day of the transaction. What are the benefits of T+0 trade settlement? A shortened settlement cycle will bring cost and time efficiency, transparency in charges to investors, and strengthen risk management at clearing corporations and the overall securities market ecosystem. The T+0 trade cycle is expected to provide flexibility in terms of faster pay-out of the funds against the securities to the sellers and faster pay-out of securities against the funds to the buyers. It will allow better control over funds and securities by the investors. For the securities market ecosystem, a shorter settlement cycle will further free up capital in the securities market, thereby enhancing the overall market efficiency. It will enhance the overall risk management of Clearing Corporations (CCs) as the trades are backed by upfront funds and securities. Who can participate in the T+0 settlement cycle? All investors are eligible to participate in the segment for the T+0 trade settlement cycle if they are able to meet the timelines, process and risk requirements as prescribed by the Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs). Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. The BSE and NSE introduced trading in the T+0 rolling settlement cycle in the equity segment on an optional basis. The beta version of the optional T+0 settlement cycle, or same-day settlement, was launched for a set of 25 scrips, and with a limited set of brokers. Under the T+0 trade cycle, the settlement of trades will happen on the same day after the closure of the T+0 market. If investors sell a share, they will get the money credited to their account the same day, and the buyer will also get the shares in their demat account on the very day of the transaction. What are the benefits of T+0 trade settlement? A shortened settlement cycle will bring cost and time efficiency, transparency in charges to investors, and strengthen risk management at clearing corporations and the overall securities market ecosystem. The T+0 trade cycle is expected to provide flexibility in terms of faster pay-out of the funds against the securities to the sellers and faster pay-out of securities against the funds to the buyers. It will allow better control over funds and securities by the investors. For the securities market ecosystem, a shorter settlement cycle will further free up capital in the securities market, thereby enhancing the overall market efficiency. It will enhance the overall risk management of Clearing Corporations (CCs) as the trades are backed by upfront funds and securities. Who can participate in the T+0 settlement cycle? All investors are eligible to participate in the segment for the T+0 trade settlement cycle if they are able to meet the timelines, process and risk requirements as prescribed by the Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs). Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding T+0 trading settlement cycle.

• Under the T+0 trade cycle, the settlement of trades will happen on the same day after the closure of the T+0 market.

• At present all the large-cap stocks in NSE are available for trading in the T+0 settlement cycle.

• All investors are eligible to participate in the T+0 trade settlement cycle without any requirements.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

The BSE and NSE introduced trading in the T+0 rolling settlement cycle in the equity segment on an optional basis. The beta version of the optional T+0 settlement cycle, or same-day settlement, was launched for a set of 25 scrips, and with a limited set of brokers.

Under the T+0 trade cycle, the settlement of trades will happen on the same day after the closure of the T+0 market. If investors sell a share, they will get the money credited to their account the same day, and the buyer will also get the shares in their demat account on the very day of the transaction.

What are the benefits of T+0 trade settlement?

A shortened settlement cycle will bring cost and time efficiency, transparency in charges to investors, and strengthen risk management at clearing corporations and the overall securities market ecosystem.

The T+0 trade cycle is expected to provide flexibility in terms of faster pay-out of the funds against the securities to the sellers and faster pay-out of securities against the funds to the buyers. It will allow better control over funds and securities by the investors.

For the securities market ecosystem, a shorter settlement cycle will further free up capital in the securities market, thereby enhancing the overall market efficiency. It will enhance the overall risk management of Clearing Corporations (CCs) as the trades are backed by upfront funds and securities.

Who can participate in the T+0 settlement cycle?

All investors are eligible to participate in the segment for the T+0 trade settlement cycle if they are able to meet the timelines, process and risk requirements as prescribed by the Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs).

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

What are the benefits of T+0 trade settlement?

Who can participate in the T+0 settlement cycle?

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding avian flu. Avian flu, refers to an infectious viral illness that mainly infects and spreads among poultry and some wild birds. The avian flu does not spread among marine mammals. Humans are at riskbut they rarely contract avian flu. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Since 2020, a highly pathogenic type of bird flu, H5N1, has been spreading across the globe, posing an existential threat to birds and wildlife. The more worrying sign, however, is the rapid spread of the flu — once largely confined to birds — among mammals. Bird flu, also known as avian flu, refers to an infectious viral illness that mainly infects and spreads among poultry and some wild birds. There are different strains of bird flu virus, which have been circulating for a very long time among at least 100 bird species, including wild waterfowl, such as ducks and geese, without much harming them. The worst affected are marine mammals. More than 20,000 sea lions and a handful of dolphins have died in Chile and Peru due to the infection. Humans are also at risk but they rarely contract bird flu. Most of the cases of human infection involve people who have come in contact with a large number of sick birds at poultry farms. This means that humans are likely to get infected when there is a huge viral load. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Since 2020, a highly pathogenic type of bird flu, H5N1, has been spreading across the globe, posing an existential threat to birds and wildlife. The more worrying sign, however, is the rapid spread of the flu — once largely confined to birds — among mammals. Bird flu, also known as avian flu, refers to an infectious viral illness that mainly infects and spreads among poultry and some wild birds. There are different strains of bird flu virus, which have been circulating for a very long time among at least 100 bird species, including wild waterfowl, such as ducks and geese, without much harming them. The worst affected are marine mammals. More than 20,000 sea lions and a handful of dolphins have died in Chile and Peru due to the infection. Humans are also at risk but they rarely contract bird flu. Most of the cases of human infection involve people who have come in contact with a large number of sick birds at poultry farms. This means that humans are likely to get infected when there is a huge viral load. Source

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding avian flu.

• Avian flu, refers to an infectious viral illness that mainly infects and spreads among poultry and some wild birds.

• The avian flu does not spread among marine mammals.

• Humans are at riskbut they rarely contract avian flu.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Since 2020, a highly pathogenic type of bird flu, H5N1, has been spreading across the globe, posing an existential threat to birds and wildlife.

The more worrying sign, however, is the rapid spread of the flu — once largely confined to birds — among mammals.

Bird flu, also known as avian flu, refers to an infectious viral illness that mainly infects and spreads among poultry and some wild birds. There are different strains of bird flu virus, which have been circulating for a very long time among at least 100 bird species, including wild waterfowl, such as ducks and geese, without much harming them.

The worst affected are marine mammals. More than 20,000 sea lions and a handful of dolphins have died in Chile and Peru due to the infection.

Humans are also at risk but they rarely contract bird flu. Most of the cases of human infection involve people who have come in contact with a large number of sick birds at poultry farms. This means that humans are likely to get infected when there is a huge viral load.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Since 2020, a highly pathogenic type of bird flu, H5N1, has been spreading across the globe, posing an existential threat to birds and wildlife.

The more worrying sign, however, is the rapid spread of the flu — once largely confined to birds — among mammals.

The worst affected are marine mammals. More than 20,000 sea lions and a handful of dolphins have died in Chile and Peru due to the infection.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Commission of Railway Safety (CRS). CRS deals with matters related to safety of rail travel and operations as laid down in the Railways Act, 1989. Investigating serious train accidents is one of the key responsibilities of the CRS. It is under the administrative control of Ministry of Railways. How many of the above statements are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. Rail safety commissioners are part of the Commission of Railway Safety (CRS), a government body that acts as the railway safety authority in the country. As the name suggests, CRS deals with matters related to safety of rail travel and operations, among some other statutory functions – inspectorial, investigatory, and advisory – as laid down in the Railways Act, 1989. Investigating serious train accidents is one of thekey responsibilities of the CRS, which is headquartered in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It is, however, worth noting that the CRS does not report to the Ministry of Railways of the Railway Board. It is, in fact, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA). The reason or principle behind this, put simply, is to keep the CRS insulated from the influence of the country’s railway establishment and prevent conflicts of interest. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. Rail safety commissioners are part of the Commission of Railway Safety (CRS), a government body that acts as the railway safety authority in the country. As the name suggests, CRS deals with matters related to safety of rail travel and operations, among some other statutory functions – inspectorial, investigatory, and advisory – as laid down in the Railways Act, 1989. Investigating serious train accidents is one of thekey responsibilities of the CRS, which is headquartered in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. It is, however, worth noting that the CRS does not report to the Ministry of Railways of the Railway Board. It is, in fact, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA). The reason or principle behind this, put simply, is to keep the CRS insulated from the influence of the country’s railway establishment and prevent conflicts of interest.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Commission of Railway Safety (CRS).

• CRS deals with matters related to safety of rail travel and operations as laid down in the Railways Act, 1989.

• Investigating serious train accidents is one of the key responsibilities of the CRS.

• It is under the administrative control of Ministry of Railways.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Rail safety commissioners are part of the Commission of Railway Safety (CRS), a government body that acts as the railway safety authority in the country.

• As the name suggests, CRS deals with matters related to safety of rail travel and operations, among some other statutory functions – inspectorial, investigatory, and advisory – as laid down in the Railways Act, 1989. Investigating serious train accidents is one of thekey responsibilities of the CRS, which is headquartered in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

• It is, however, worth noting that the CRS does not report to the Ministry of Railways of the Railway Board. It is, in fact, under the administrative control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA). The reason or principle behind this, put simply, is to keep the CRS insulated from the influence of the country’s railway establishment and prevent conflicts of interest.

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Rail safety commissioners are part of the Commission of Railway Safety (CRS), a government body that acts as the railway safety authority in the country.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Leucism. Leucism affects the pigmentation of an animal’s skin, feathers, scales, or fur. It causes a complete absence of pigment. Leucism is not a genetic condition. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. Leucism is a genetic condition that affects the pigmentation of an animal’s skin, feathers, scales, or fur. Unlike albinism, which causes a complete absence of pigment, leucism results in a partial loss of pigment, leading to white or pale colouration in affected areas. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. Leucism is a genetic condition that affects the pigmentation of an animal’s skin, feathers, scales, or fur. Unlike albinism, which causes a complete absence of pigment, leucism results in a partial loss of pigment, leading to white or pale colouration in affected areas.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Leucism.

• Leucism affects the pigmentation of an animal’s skin, feathers, scales, or fur.

• It causes a complete absence of pigment.

• Leucism is not a genetic condition.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only statement 1 is correct.

Leucism is a genetic condition that affects the pigmentation of an animal’s skin, feathers, scales, or fur. Unlike albinism, which causes a complete absence of pigment, leucism results in a partial loss of pigment, leading to white or pale colouration in affected areas.

Solution: a)

Only statement 1 is correct.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The Bandung Conference of 1955, paved the way for the creation of a) BRICS b) Commonwealth of Nations c) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) d) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Correct Solution: c) 1955 Afro-Asian Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, of which India was a key architect. For the first time, former colonial territories of Asia and Africa came together in Bandung, igniting the spirit of third-world solidarity and paving the way for the creation of a Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Incorrect Solution: c) 1955 Afro-Asian Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, of which India was a key architect. For the first time, former colonial territories of Asia and Africa came together in Bandung, igniting the spirit of third-world solidarity and paving the way for the creation of a Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

#### 5. Question

The Bandung Conference of 1955, paved the way for the creation of

• b) Commonwealth of Nations

• c) Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

• d) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Solution: c)

1955 Afro-Asian Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, of which India was a key architect. For the first time, former colonial territories of Asia and Africa came together in Bandung, igniting the spirit of third-world solidarity and paving the way for the creation of a Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

Solution: c)

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