UPSC Editorials Quiz : 7 April 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Arctic region: The Arctic Council is a binding treaty-based body that governs territorial claims in the Arctic. UNCLOS provides the legal framework for maritime jurisdiction in the Arctic Ocean. The Northeast Passage connects the North Atlantic with the Pacific via the northern Russian coast. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum but not a treaty-based body and does not handle territorial or resource claims. It promotes cooperation among Arctic states and Indigenous communities on environmental and sustainable development issues. Statement 2 is correct: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) governs maritime entitlements, including Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and continental shelf claims in the Arctic. As sea ice retreats, countries are submitting claims for extended continental shelves, particularly for areas rich in hydrocarbons. Statement 3 is correct: The Northeast Passage, also referred to as the Northern Sea Route, runs along Russia’s Arctic coast and connects the North Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, offering a shorter shipping route between Europe and Asia compared to traditional ones through the Suez Canal. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum but not a treaty-based body and does not handle territorial or resource claims. It promotes cooperation among Arctic states and Indigenous communities on environmental and sustainable development issues. Statement 2 is correct: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) governs maritime entitlements, including Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and continental shelf claims in the Arctic. As sea ice retreats, countries are submitting claims for extended continental shelves, particularly for areas rich in hydrocarbons. Statement 3 is correct: The Northeast Passage, also referred to as the Northern Sea Route, runs along Russia’s Arctic coast and connects the North Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, offering a shorter shipping route between Europe and Asia compared to traditional ones through the Suez Canal.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Arctic region:

• The Arctic Council is a binding treaty-based body that governs territorial claims in the Arctic.

• UNCLOS provides the legal framework for maritime jurisdiction in the Arctic Ocean.

• The Northeast Passage connects the North Atlantic with the Pacific via the northern Russian coast.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2

• b) 2 and 3

• c) 1 and 3

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum but not a treaty-based body and does not handle territorial or resource claims. It promotes cooperation among Arctic states and Indigenous communities on environmental and sustainable development issues.

Statement 2 is correct: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) governs maritime entitlements, including Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and continental shelf claims in the Arctic. As sea ice retreats, countries are submitting claims for extended continental shelves, particularly for areas rich in hydrocarbons.

Statement 3 is correct: The Northeast Passage, also referred to as the Northern Sea Route, runs along Russia’s Arctic coast and connects the North Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, offering a shorter shipping route between Europe and Asia compared to traditional ones through the Suez Canal.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Why is the Northwest Passage legally contentious in the context of international maritime law? a) It crosses territories not claimed by any nation under UNCLOS b) It connects two landlocked countries across the Arctic c) Canada claims it as internal waters, while others consider it an international strait d) It is the only Arctic route that remains ice-free throughout the year Correct Solution: c) The Northwest Passage traverses the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The dispute centers on whether this route constitutes Canada’s internal waters, or an international strait. Canada argues that the passage lies within its archipelagic baselines, thus granting it full sovereignty and regulatory control, including over environmental, navigational, and security matters. However, the United States and several European countries consider the passage an international strait, guaranteeing unimpeded transit under UNCLOS The issue has grown more significant with melting sea ice, as commercial vessels increasingly explore the Arctic for quicker trans-oceanic navigation. This debate has geopolitical, environmental, and economic ramifications, highlighting the need for a balance between sovereignty and freedom of navigation in a rapidly changing Arctic. Incorrect Solution: c) The Northwest Passage traverses the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The dispute centers on whether this route constitutes Canada’s internal waters, or an international strait. Canada argues that the passage lies within its archipelagic baselines, thus granting it full sovereignty and regulatory control, including over environmental, navigational, and security matters. However, the United States and several European countries consider the passage an international strait, guaranteeing unimpeded transit under UNCLOS The issue has grown more significant with melting sea ice, as commercial vessels increasingly explore the Arctic for quicker trans-oceanic navigation. This debate has geopolitical, environmental, and economic ramifications, highlighting the need for a balance between sovereignty and freedom of navigation in a rapidly changing Arctic.

#### 2. Question

Why is the Northwest Passage legally contentious in the context of international maritime law?

• a) It crosses territories not claimed by any nation under UNCLOS

• b) It connects two landlocked countries across the Arctic

• c) Canada claims it as internal waters, while others consider it an international strait

• d) It is the only Arctic route that remains ice-free throughout the year

Solution: c)

• The Northwest Passage traverses the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

• The dispute centers on whether this route constitutes Canada’s internal waters, or an international strait.

• Canada argues that the passage lies within its archipelagic baselines, thus granting it full sovereignty and regulatory control, including over environmental, navigational, and security matters.

• However, the United States and several European countries consider the passage an international strait, guaranteeing unimpeded transit under UNCLOS

• The issue has grown more significant with melting sea ice, as commercial vessels increasingly explore the Arctic for quicker trans-oceanic navigation.

This debate has geopolitical, environmental, and economic ramifications, highlighting the need for a balance between sovereignty and freedom of navigation in a rapidly changing Arctic.

Solution: c)

• The Northwest Passage traverses the Arctic Archipelago of Canada, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

• The dispute centers on whether this route constitutes Canada’s internal waters, or an international strait.

• However, the United States and several European countries consider the passage an international strait, guaranteeing unimpeded transit under UNCLOS

• The issue has grown more significant with melting sea ice, as commercial vessels increasingly explore the Arctic for quicker trans-oceanic navigation.

This debate has geopolitical, environmental, and economic ramifications, highlighting the need for a balance between sovereignty and freedom of navigation in a rapidly changing Arctic.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements about the BioSaarthi Mentorship Initiative: It directly provides grant-in-aid funding to selected biotech startups for product development. It involves experienced mentors from both India and the Indian diaspora to guide startups. It complements other programs like BioE3 and Startup India for fostering biotech entrepreneurship. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The BioSaarthi initiative does not provide direct funding—it is purely a mentorship-driven capacity building program, which distinguishes it from other BIRAC schemes like BIG (Biotech Ignition Grant). Its uniqueness lies in leveraging a global mentor network, especially engaging diaspora scientists and innovators, to assist Indian startups. Additionally, the initiative strategically aligns with broader national programs such as BioE3, Startup India, and Atal Innovation Mission, supporting ecosystem-level growth. Statement 1 is incorrect—BioSaarthi focuses on non-monetary support through structured mentoring, not grant funding. Hence, only two statements are correct. What is BioSaarthi? A structured global mentorship program aimed at nurturing India’s emerging biotech startups through expert guidance and capacity building. Ministry Involved: Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Implementing Agency: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). Objective: To strengthen India’s biotechnology ecosystem by supporting startups, fostering innovation, and promoting global competitiveness through mentorship. Key Features Six-Month Cohort Model: Structured sessions for selected startups with dedicated mentor-mentee engagements. Global Mentor Pool: Involvement of overseas experts, especially from the Indian diaspora, volunteering to support India’s innovation ecosystem. Startup-Centric Approach: Personalized mentoring to address entrepreneurial challenges in biotech, including R&D, scaling, regulation, and funding. Innovation Ecosystem Linkage: Promotes collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions. Nationwide Outreach: Complements initiatives like BioE3 (Biotech for Economy, Employment, Environment) for inclusive sectoral growth. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The BioSaarthi initiative does not provide direct funding—it is purely a mentorship-driven capacity building program, which distinguishes it from other BIRAC schemes like BIG (Biotech Ignition Grant). Its uniqueness lies in leveraging a global mentor network, especially engaging diaspora scientists and innovators, to assist Indian startups. Additionally, the initiative strategically aligns with broader national programs such as BioE3, Startup India, and Atal Innovation Mission, supporting ecosystem-level growth. Statement 1 is incorrect—BioSaarthi focuses on non-monetary support through structured mentoring, not grant funding. Hence, only two statements are correct. What is BioSaarthi? A structured global mentorship program aimed at nurturing India’s emerging biotech startups through expert guidance and capacity building. Ministry Involved: Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Implementing Agency: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT). Objective: To strengthen India’s biotechnology ecosystem by supporting startups, fostering innovation, and promoting global competitiveness through mentorship. Key Features Six-Month Cohort Model: Structured sessions for selected startups with dedicated mentor-mentee engagements. Global Mentor Pool: Involvement of overseas experts, especially from the Indian diaspora, volunteering to support India’s innovation ecosystem. Startup-Centric Approach: Personalized mentoring to address entrepreneurial challenges in biotech, including R&D, scaling, regulation, and funding. Innovation Ecosystem Linkage: Promotes collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions. Nationwide Outreach: Complements initiatives like BioE3 (Biotech for Economy, Employment, Environment) for inclusive sectoral growth.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about the BioSaarthi Mentorship Initiative:

• It directly provides grant-in-aid funding to selected biotech startups for product development.

• It involves experienced mentors from both India and the Indian diaspora to guide startups.

• It complements other programs like BioE3 and Startup India for fostering biotech entrepreneurship.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• The BioSaarthi initiative does not provide direct funding—it is purely a mentorship-driven capacity building program, which distinguishes it from other BIRAC schemes like BIG (Biotech Ignition Grant).

• Its uniqueness lies in leveraging a global mentor network, especially engaging diaspora scientists and innovators, to assist Indian startups.

• Additionally, the initiative strategically aligns with broader national programs such as BioE3, Startup India, and Atal Innovation Mission, supporting ecosystem-level growth.

• Statement 1 is incorrect—BioSaarthi focuses on non-monetary support through structured mentoring, not grant funding. Hence, only two statements are correct.

• What is BioSaarthi?

• A structured global mentorship program aimed at nurturing India’s emerging biotech startups through expert guidance and capacity building.

• Ministry Involved: Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

• Implementing Agency: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT).

• Objective:

• To strengthen India’s biotechnology ecosystem by supporting startups, fostering innovation, and promoting global competitiveness through mentorship.

• Key Features

• Six-Month Cohort Model: Structured sessions for selected startups with dedicated mentor-mentee engagements. Global Mentor Pool: Involvement of overseas experts, especially from the Indian diaspora, volunteering to support India’s innovation ecosystem. Startup-Centric Approach: Personalized mentoring to address entrepreneurial challenges in biotech, including R&D, scaling, regulation, and funding. Innovation Ecosystem Linkage: Promotes collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions. Nationwide Outreach: Complements initiatives like BioE3 (Biotech for Economy, Employment, Environment) for inclusive sectoral growth.

• Six-Month Cohort Model: Structured sessions for selected startups with dedicated mentor-mentee engagements.

• Global Mentor Pool: Involvement of overseas experts, especially from the Indian diaspora, volunteering to support India’s innovation ecosystem.

• Startup-Centric Approach: Personalized mentoring to address entrepreneurial challenges in biotech, including R&D, scaling, regulation, and funding.

• Innovation Ecosystem Linkage: Promotes collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions.

• Nationwide Outreach: Complements initiatives like BioE3 (Biotech for Economy, Employment, Environment) for inclusive sectoral growth.

Solution: b)

Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• Its uniqueness lies in leveraging a global mentor network, especially engaging diaspora scientists and innovators, to assist Indian startups.

• Additionally, the initiative strategically aligns with broader national programs such as BioE3, Startup India, and Atal Innovation Mission, supporting ecosystem-level growth.

• Statement 1 is incorrect—BioSaarthi focuses on non-monetary support through structured mentoring, not grant funding. Hence, only two statements are correct.

• What is BioSaarthi?

• A structured global mentorship program aimed at nurturing India’s emerging biotech startups through expert guidance and capacity building.

• Ministry Involved: Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

• Implementing Agency: Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT).

• Objective:

• To strengthen India’s biotechnology ecosystem by supporting startups, fostering innovation, and promoting global competitiveness through mentorship.

• Key Features

• Six-Month Cohort Model: Structured sessions for selected startups with dedicated mentor-mentee engagements.

• Global Mentor Pool: Involvement of overseas experts, especially from the Indian diaspora, volunteering to support India’s innovation ecosystem.

• Startup-Centric Approach: Personalized mentoring to address entrepreneurial challenges in biotech, including R&D, scaling, regulation, and funding.

• Innovation Ecosystem Linkage: Promotes collaboration between industry, academia, and government institutions.

• Nationwide Outreach: Complements initiatives like BioE3 (Biotech for Economy, Employment, Environment) for inclusive sectoral growth.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding the features and implications of Vibe Coding: It promotes rapid experimentation in coding through text-based prompts. It is more aligned with creative hacking than enterprise-level software architecture. It can serve as a stepping stone for learning traditional programming concepts. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 2 is correct: By using natural language prompts, users can instantly test ideas, making the process highly iterative and intuitive. Statement 3 is correct: It’s best suited for low-stakes environments, creative applications, and personal projects rather than complex enterprise deployments. Statement 4 is correct: Although casual, it can spark interest in deeper learning, especially for non-traditional learners who start with AI-generated code and gradually learn traditional methods. What is Vibe Coding? A casual, intuition-driven method of coding where users prompt AI tools to generate code instead of writing it manually. It emphasizes “feeling the vibes” over structured programming logic, making it ideal for low-risk, creative, or personal projects. How Does It Work? Users provide text-based prompts describing the functionality they want (e.g., building a simple app, game, or website). AI tools like ChatGPT, Cursor, or Sonnet then generate the code. Users copy, paste, and run the code without needing deep understanding of the syntax or logic. Key Characteristics: Prompt-based development rather than logic-based structuring. Limited understanding of efficiency, security, or performance of the output code. High reliance on AI-generated responses for debugging and problem-solving. Often involves trial and error or “accept all” changes without reviewing. Significance of Vibe Coding: Makes coding accessible to beginners without technical background. Encourages experimentation and creativity in tech-based personal projects. Enables developers to automate minor tasks, focusing on complex issues. Useful for prototyping, small utilities, or weekend coding hacks. Sparks interest in programming among non-traditional learners. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 2 is correct: By using natural language prompts, users can instantly test ideas, making the process highly iterative and intuitive. Statement 3 is correct: It’s best suited for low-stakes environments, creative applications, and personal projects rather than complex enterprise deployments. Statement 4 is correct: Although casual, it can spark interest in deeper learning, especially for non-traditional learners who start with AI-generated code and gradually learn traditional methods. What is Vibe Coding? A casual, intuition-driven method of coding where users prompt AI tools to generate code instead of writing it manually. It emphasizes “feeling the vibes” over structured programming logic, making it ideal for low-risk, creative, or personal projects. How Does It Work? Users provide text-based prompts describing the functionality they want (e.g., building a simple app, game, or website). AI tools like ChatGPT, Cursor, or Sonnet then generate the code. Users copy, paste, and run the code without needing deep understanding of the syntax or logic. Key Characteristics: Prompt-based development rather than logic-based structuring. Limited understanding of efficiency, security, or performance of the output code. High reliance on AI-generated responses for debugging and problem-solving. Often involves trial and error or “accept all” changes without reviewing. Significance of Vibe Coding: Makes coding accessible to beginners without technical background. Encourages experimentation and creativity in tech-based personal projects. Enables developers to automate minor tasks, focusing on complex issues. Useful for prototyping, small utilities, or weekend coding hacks. Sparks interest in programming among non-traditional learners.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the features and implications of Vibe Coding:

• It promotes rapid experimentation in coding through text-based prompts.

• It is more aligned with creative hacking than enterprise-level software architecture.

• It can serve as a stepping stone for learning traditional programming concepts.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 2 is correct: By using natural language prompts, users can instantly test ideas, making the process highly iterative and intuitive.

• Statement 3 is correct: It’s best suited for low-stakes environments, creative applications, and personal projects rather than complex enterprise deployments.

• Statement 4 is correct: Although casual, it can spark interest in deeper learning, especially for non-traditional learners who start with AI-generated code and gradually learn traditional methods.

• What is Vibe Coding?

• A casual, intuition-driven method of coding where users prompt AI tools to generate code instead of writing it manually. It emphasizes “feeling the vibes” over structured programming logic, making it ideal for low-risk, creative, or personal projects.

• A casual, intuition-driven method of coding where users prompt AI tools to generate code instead of writing it manually.

• It emphasizes “feeling the vibes” over structured programming logic, making it ideal for low-risk, creative, or personal projects.

• How Does It Work?

• Users provide text-based prompts describing the functionality they want (e.g., building a simple app, game, or website). AI tools like ChatGPT, Cursor, or Sonnet then generate the code. Users copy, paste, and run the code without needing deep understanding of the syntax or logic.

• Users provide text-based prompts describing the functionality they want (e.g., building a simple app, game, or website).

• AI tools like ChatGPT, Cursor, or Sonnet then generate the code.

• Users copy, paste, and run the code without needing deep understanding of the syntax or logic.

• Key Characteristics:

• Prompt-based development rather than logic-based structuring. Limited understanding of efficiency, security, or performance of the output code. High reliance on AI-generated responses for debugging and problem-solving. Often involves trial and error or “accept all” changes without reviewing.

• Prompt-based development rather than logic-based structuring.

• Limited understanding of efficiency, security, or performance of the output code.

• High reliance on AI-generated responses for debugging and problem-solving.

• Often involves trial and error or “accept all” changes without reviewing.

• Significance of Vibe Coding:

• Makes coding accessible to beginners without technical background. Encourages experimentation and creativity in tech-based personal projects. Enables developers to automate minor tasks, focusing on complex issues. Useful for prototyping, small utilities, or weekend coding hacks. Sparks interest in programming among non-traditional learners.

• Makes coding accessible to beginners without technical background.

• Encourages experimentation and creativity in tech-based personal projects.

• Enables developers to automate minor tasks, focusing on complex issues.

• Useful for prototyping, small utilities, or weekend coding hacks.

• Sparks interest in programming among non-traditional learners.

Solution: C

• Statement 2 is correct: By using natural language prompts, users can instantly test ideas, making the process highly iterative and intuitive.

• Statement 3 is correct: It’s best suited for low-stakes environments, creative applications, and personal projects rather than complex enterprise deployments.

• What is Vibe Coding?

• A casual, intuition-driven method of coding where users prompt AI tools to generate code instead of writing it manually.

• It emphasizes “feeling the vibes” over structured programming logic, making it ideal for low-risk, creative, or personal projects.

• How Does It Work?

• Users provide text-based prompts describing the functionality they want (e.g., building a simple app, game, or website).

• AI tools like ChatGPT, Cursor, or Sonnet then generate the code.

• Users copy, paste, and run the code without needing deep understanding of the syntax or logic.

• Key Characteristics:

• Prompt-based development rather than logic-based structuring.

• Limited understanding of efficiency, security, or performance of the output code.

• High reliance on AI-generated responses for debugging and problem-solving.

• Often involves trial and error or “accept all” changes without reviewing.

• Significance of Vibe Coding:

• Makes coding accessible to beginners without technical background.

• Encourages experimentation and creativity in tech-based personal projects.

• Enables developers to automate minor tasks, focusing on complex issues.

• Useful for prototyping, small utilities, or weekend coding hacks.

• Sparks interest in programming among non-traditional learners.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about Arctic region: All countries bordering the Arctic have equal rights to exploit its oil and gas resources. The Arctic is a barren zone with negligible biodiversity. Permafrost thaw in the Arctic can release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: Rights to exploit Arctic resources are determined by UNCLOS, which allows coastal states to claim exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and potentially extended continental shelves. Hence, rights are not equally distributed but based on scientific and legal claims. Statement 2 is incorrect: Despite its harsh climate, the Arctic harbors significant biodiversity, including polar bears, walruses, Arctic foxes, migratory birds, cold-water corals, and diverse plankton ecosystems. Statement 3 is correct: Permafrost in the Arctic contains large quantities of methane and carbon dioxide. When it thaws due to rising temperatures, it releases these gases, which are potent contributors to climate change. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: Rights to exploit Arctic resources are determined by UNCLOS, which allows coastal states to claim exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and potentially extended continental shelves. Hence, rights are not equally distributed but based on scientific and legal claims. Statement 2 is incorrect: Despite its harsh climate, the Arctic harbors significant biodiversity, including polar bears, walruses, Arctic foxes, migratory birds, cold-water corals, and diverse plankton ecosystems. Statement 3 is correct: Permafrost in the Arctic contains large quantities of methane and carbon dioxide. When it thaws due to rising temperatures, it releases these gases, which are potent contributors to climate change.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about Arctic region:

• All countries bordering the Arctic have equal rights to exploit its oil and gas resources.

• The Arctic is a barren zone with negligible biodiversity.

• Permafrost thaw in the Arctic can release methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is incorrect: Rights to exploit Arctic resources are determined by UNCLOS, which allows coastal states to claim exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and potentially extended continental shelves. Hence, rights are not equally distributed but based on scientific and legal claims.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: Despite its harsh climate, the Arctic harbors significant biodiversity, including polar bears, walruses, Arctic foxes, migratory birds, cold-water corals, and diverse plankton ecosystems.

Statement 3 is correct: Permafrost in the Arctic contains large quantities of methane and carbon dioxide. When it thaws due to rising temperatures, it releases these gases, which are potent contributors to climate change.

Solution: a)

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