UPSC Editorials Quiz : 5 December 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question What happens if an eavesdropper intercepts a quantum key during transmission? a) The encryption becomes stronger b) The quantum state remains unaffected c) The quantum state alters, alerting the sender and receiver d) The communication speed slows down Correct Solution: C Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a highly secure method of encryption based on the principles of quantum mechanics. When photons are used to transmit a quantum key, they exist in a superposition of states. Any attempt by an eavesdropper to intercept the quantum key introduces a disturbance due to the process of measurement. This is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics: measuring a quantum state collapses its superposition, altering its original state. If an eavesdropper tries to intercept the key, the quantum state of the photons changes. This alteration is immediately detected by the sender and receiver, as the shared key will show inconsistencies during the verification process. This ability to detect intrusion ensures that QKD is virtually immune to undetected eavesdropping, making it one of the most secure methods for transmitting encryption keys. Incorrect Solution: C Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a highly secure method of encryption based on the principles of quantum mechanics. When photons are used to transmit a quantum key, they exist in a superposition of states. Any attempt by an eavesdropper to intercept the quantum key introduces a disturbance due to the process of measurement. This is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics: measuring a quantum state collapses its superposition, altering its original state. If an eavesdropper tries to intercept the key, the quantum state of the photons changes. This alteration is immediately detected by the sender and receiver, as the shared key will show inconsistencies during the verification process. This ability to detect intrusion ensures that QKD is virtually immune to undetected eavesdropping, making it one of the most secure methods for transmitting encryption keys.

#### 1. Question

What happens if an eavesdropper intercepts a quantum key during transmission?

• a) The encryption becomes stronger

• b) The quantum state remains unaffected

• c) The quantum state alters, alerting the sender and receiver

• d) The communication speed slows down

Solution: C

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a highly secure method of encryption based on the principles of quantum mechanics. When photons are used to transmit a quantum key, they exist in a superposition of states. Any attempt by an eavesdropper to intercept the quantum key introduces a disturbance due to the process of measurement. This is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics: measuring a quantum state collapses its superposition, altering its original state.

If an eavesdropper tries to intercept the key, the quantum state of the photons changes. This alteration is immediately detected by the sender and receiver, as the shared key will show inconsistencies during the verification process. This ability to detect intrusion ensures that QKD is virtually immune to undetected eavesdropping, making it one of the most secure methods for transmitting encryption keys.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about the United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC): It operates under the International Court of Justice (ICJ). It recommends candidates for the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT). It monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because the IJC operates under the UN Secretary-General and General Assembly, not the ICJ. About United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC): Created by the UN General Assembly as part of the reformed internal justice system to uphold accountability, independence, and professionalism. Functions under: Operates under the UN Secretary-General with oversight from the General Assembly. Aim: To strengthen the administration of justice within the UN by ensuring a fair and transparent system for dispute resolution among staff and management. Powers and Functions: Search for Judges: Identifies and interviews candidates for vacancies in the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT). Recommendations: Recommends two or three candidates for each vacancy to the General Assembly, ensuring geographical diversity. Oversight: Provides inputs on the implementation of the justice system to the General Assembly. Independence: Monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms. Appointment of Chairperson: Procedure: The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council. Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General. Term: Four years, with Justice Lokur’s current tenure ending on November 12, 2028. Structure: Total Members: Five members, including: 1 Staff Representative 1 Management Representative 2 Distinguished External Jurists (nominated by staff and management) 1 Chairperson (selected by consensus). Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because the IJC operates under the UN Secretary-General and General Assembly, not the ICJ. About United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC): Created by the UN General Assembly as part of the reformed internal justice system to uphold accountability, independence, and professionalism. Functions under: Operates under the UN Secretary-General with oversight from the General Assembly. Aim: To strengthen the administration of justice within the UN by ensuring a fair and transparent system for dispute resolution among staff and management. Powers and Functions: Search for Judges: Identifies and interviews candidates for vacancies in the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT). Recommendations: Recommends two or three candidates for each vacancy to the General Assembly, ensuring geographical diversity. Oversight: Provides inputs on the implementation of the justice system to the General Assembly. Independence: Monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms. Appointment of Chairperson: Procedure: The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council. Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General. Term: Four years, with Justice Lokur’s current tenure ending on November 12, 2028. Structure: Total Members: Five members, including: 1 Staff Representative 1 Management Representative 2 Distinguished External Jurists (nominated by staff and management) 1 Chairperson (selected by consensus).

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC):

• It operates under the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

• It recommends candidates for the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT).

• It monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect because the IJC operates under the UN Secretary-General and General Assembly, not the ICJ.

About United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC):

• Created by the UN General Assembly as part of the reformed internal justice system to uphold accountability, independence, and professionalism.

• Functions under: Operates under the UN Secretary-General with oversight from the General Assembly.

• Aim: To strengthen the administration of justice within the UN by ensuring a fair and transparent system for dispute resolution among staff and management.

Powers and Functions:

• Search for Judges: Identifies and interviews candidates for vacancies in the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT).

• Recommendations: Recommends two or three candidates for each vacancy to the General Assembly, ensuring geographical diversity.

• Oversight: Provides inputs on the implementation of the justice system to the General Assembly.

• Independence: Monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms.

Appointment of Chairperson:

• Procedure: The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council. Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General.

• The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council.

• Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General.

• Term: Four years, with Justice Lokur’s current tenure ending on November 12, 2028.

Structure:

• Total Members: Five members, including: 1 Staff Representative 1 Management Representative 2 Distinguished External Jurists (nominated by staff and management) 1 Chairperson (selected by consensus).

• 1 Staff Representative

• 1 Management Representative

• 2 Distinguished External Jurists (nominated by staff and management)

• 1 Chairperson (selected by consensus).

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect because the IJC operates under the UN Secretary-General and General Assembly, not the ICJ.

About United Nations Internal Justice Council (IJC):

• Created by the UN General Assembly as part of the reformed internal justice system to uphold accountability, independence, and professionalism.

• Functions under: Operates under the UN Secretary-General with oversight from the General Assembly.

• Aim: To strengthen the administration of justice within the UN by ensuring a fair and transparent system for dispute resolution among staff and management.

Powers and Functions:

• Search for Judges: Identifies and interviews candidates for vacancies in the UN Dispute Tribunal (UNDT) and the UN Appeals Tribunal (UNAT).

• Recommendations: Recommends two or three candidates for each vacancy to the General Assembly, ensuring geographical diversity.

• Oversight: Provides inputs on the implementation of the justice system to the General Assembly.

• Independence: Monitors the independence and accountability of internal justice mechanisms.

Appointment of Chairperson:

• Procedure: The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council. Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General.

• The Chairperson is selected by consensus from four other members of the Council.

• Appointed officially by the UN Secretary-General.

• Term: Four years, with Justice Lokur’s current tenure ending on November 12, 2028.

Structure:

• 1 Staff Representative

• 1 Management Representative

• 2 Distinguished External Jurists (nominated by staff and management)

• 1 Chairperson (selected by consensus).

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question What is the primary cause of the Doppler Effect? a) Changes in wave amplitude due to medium resistance b) Relative motion between the source and the observer c) Variation in wave intensity due to distance d) Reflection of waves from stationary surfaces Correct Solution: B The Doppler Effect arises when there is relative motion between a wave source and an observer. This causes the perceived frequency of the wave to change, appearing higher when approaching and lower when receding. Incorrect Solution: B The Doppler Effect arises when there is relative motion between a wave source and an observer. This causes the perceived frequency of the wave to change, appearing higher when approaching and lower when receding.

#### 3. Question

What is the primary cause of the Doppler Effect?

• a) Changes in wave amplitude due to medium resistance

• b) Relative motion between the source and the observer

• c) Variation in wave intensity due to distance

• d) Reflection of waves from stationary surfaces

Solution: B

The Doppler Effect arises when there is relative motion between a wave source and an observer. This causes the perceived frequency of the wave to change, appearing higher when approaching and lower when receding.

Solution: B

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding quantum satellites: They use photons to encode and transmit information. Quantum satellites work exclusively within Earth’s atmosphere. Quantum Entanglement ensures that tampering with data is instantly detected. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as photons are used to encode and transmit information. Statement 2 is incorrect because quantum satellites operate beyond Earth’s atmosphere to enable global communication. Statement 3 is correct, as quantum entanglement ensures tampering is instantly detected. About Quantum Satellite: What it is: A quantum satellite is a communication satellite that uses quantum physics principles, such as quantum entanglement and superposition, to enable highly secure data transmission. Science behind its working: Quantum Cryptography: Utilizes quantum principles like entanglement and quantum measurement to secure data. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are shared securely between parties. Any eavesdropping alters the quantum state, alerting users. Photon Transmission: Encodes information in photons, which are transmitted through free space or fibre-optic cables. Features: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Facilitates secure encryption key exchanges. Quantum Entanglement: Ensures instantaneous detection of tampering. High-Speed Communication: Enhanced data security without sacrificing speed. Global Reach: Enables long-distance secure communication through satellite-ground systems. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as photons are used to encode and transmit information. Statement 2 is incorrect because quantum satellites operate beyond Earth’s atmosphere to enable global communication. Statement 3 is correct, as quantum entanglement ensures tampering is instantly detected. About Quantum Satellite: What it is: A quantum satellite is a communication satellite that uses quantum physics principles, such as quantum entanglement and superposition, to enable highly secure data transmission. Science behind its working: Quantum Cryptography: Utilizes quantum principles like entanglement and quantum measurement to secure data. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are shared securely between parties. Any eavesdropping alters the quantum state, alerting users. Photon Transmission: Encodes information in photons, which are transmitted through free space or fibre-optic cables. Features: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Facilitates secure encryption key exchanges. Quantum Entanglement: Ensures instantaneous detection of tampering. High-Speed Communication: Enhanced data security without sacrificing speed. Global Reach: Enables long-distance secure communication through satellite-ground systems.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding quantum satellites:

• They use photons to encode and transmit information.

• Quantum satellites work exclusively within Earth’s atmosphere.

• Quantum Entanglement ensures that tampering with data is instantly detected.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 1 is correct, as photons are used to encode and transmit information. Statement 2 is incorrect because quantum satellites operate beyond Earth’s atmosphere to enable global communication. Statement 3 is correct, as quantum entanglement ensures tampering is instantly detected.

About Quantum Satellite:

• What it is:

• A quantum satellite is a communication satellite that uses quantum physics principles, such as quantum entanglement and superposition, to enable highly secure data transmission.

• Science behind its working:

• Quantum Cryptography: Utilizes quantum principles like entanglement and quantum measurement to secure data. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are shared securely between parties. Any eavesdropping alters the quantum state, alerting users. Photon Transmission: Encodes information in photons, which are transmitted through free space or fibre-optic cables.

• Quantum Cryptography: Utilizes quantum principles like entanglement and quantum measurement to secure data.

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are shared securely between parties. Any eavesdropping alters the quantum state, alerting users.

• Photon Transmission: Encodes information in photons, which are transmitted through free space or fibre-optic cables.

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Facilitates secure encryption key exchanges. Quantum Entanglement: Ensures instantaneous detection of tampering. High-Speed Communication: Enhanced data security without sacrificing speed. Global Reach: Enables long-distance secure communication through satellite-ground systems.

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Facilitates secure encryption key exchanges.

• Quantum Entanglement: Ensures instantaneous detection of tampering.

• High-Speed Communication: Enhanced data security without sacrificing speed.

• Global Reach: Enables long-distance secure communication through satellite-ground systems.

Solution: B

About Quantum Satellite:

• What it is:

• A quantum satellite is a communication satellite that uses quantum physics principles, such as quantum entanglement and superposition, to enable highly secure data transmission.

• Science behind its working:

• Quantum Cryptography: Utilizes quantum principles like entanglement and quantum measurement to secure data.

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Ensures encryption keys are shared securely between parties. Any eavesdropping alters the quantum state, alerting users.

• Photon Transmission: Encodes information in photons, which are transmitted through free space or fibre-optic cables.

• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): Facilitates secure encryption key exchanges.

• Quantum Entanglement: Ensures instantaneous detection of tampering.

• High-Speed Communication: Enhanced data security without sacrificing speed.

• Global Reach: Enables long-distance secure communication through satellite-ground systems.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): It was established as an autonomous constitutional body. It reviews only domestic laws related to human rights and has no role in international treaties. The Chairperson must have served as a Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect as the NHRC is a statutory body, not a constitutional body. Statement 2 is incorrect because the NHRC assesses both domestic laws and international treaties for human rights compliance. Statement 3 is correct as per the requirements outlined in the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Established: Formed on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA). Created in accordance with the Paris Principles, 1991, endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993. Statutory:Statutory body established by the PHRA Act, 1993. Aim: To promote and protect human rights as defined under Section 2(1)(d) of PHRA, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution. Composition: Chairperson:A former Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge. Members: One former or sitting Supreme Court judge. One former or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court. Three members, at least one woman, with experience in human rights matters. Ex-Officio Members:Chairpersons of various National Commissions (e.g., SC/ST, Women, Minorities, etc.) and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect as the NHRC is a statutory body, not a constitutional body. Statement 2 is incorrect because the NHRC assesses both domestic laws and international treaties for human rights compliance. Statement 3 is correct as per the requirements outlined in the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC): Established: Formed on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA). Created in accordance with the Paris Principles, 1991, endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993. Statutory:Statutory body established by the PHRA Act, 1993. Aim: To promote and protect human rights as defined under Section 2(1)(d) of PHRA, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution. Composition: Chairperson:A former Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge. Members: One former or sitting Supreme Court judge. One former or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court. Three members, at least one woman, with experience in human rights matters. Ex-Officio Members:Chairpersons of various National Commissions (e.g., SC/ST, Women, Minorities, etc.) and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):

• It was established as an autonomous constitutional body.

• It reviews only domestic laws related to human rights and has no role in international treaties.

• The Chairperson must have served as a Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect as the NHRC is a statutory body, not a constitutional body.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the NHRC assesses both domestic laws and international treaties for human rights compliance.

Statement 3 is correct as per the requirements outlined in the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):

• Established:

• Formed on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).

• Created in accordance with the Paris Principles, 1991, endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993.

• Statutory:Statutory body established by the PHRA Act, 1993.

• To promote and protect human rights as defined under Section 2(1)(d) of PHRA, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution.

Composition:

• Chairperson:A former Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge.

• One former or sitting Supreme Court judge.

• One former or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court.

• Three members, at least one woman, with experience in human rights matters.

• Ex-Officio Members:Chairpersons of various National Commissions (e.g., SC/ST, Women, Minorities, etc.) and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.

Solution: A

Statement 1 is incorrect as the NHRC is a statutory body, not a constitutional body.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the NHRC assesses both domestic laws and international treaties for human rights compliance.

Statement 3 is correct as per the requirements outlined in the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.

About National Human Rights Commission (NHRC):

• Established:

• Formed on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).

• Created in accordance with the Paris Principles, 1991, endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993.

• Statutory:Statutory body established by the PHRA Act, 1993.

• To promote and protect human rights as defined under Section 2(1)(d) of PHRA, including rights to life, liberty, equality, and dignity guaranteed by the Constitution.

Composition:

• Chairperson:A former Chief Justice of India or a Supreme Court judge.

• One former or sitting Supreme Court judge.

• One former or sitting Chief Justice of a High Court.

• Three members, at least one woman, with experience in human rights matters.

• Ex-Officio Members:Chairpersons of various National Commissions (e.g., SC/ST, Women, Minorities, etc.) and the Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities.

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