UPSC Editorials Quiz : 5 August 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following Statements. Statement-I: Mangrove forests play a critical role in mitigating the impacts of climate change. Statement-II: Mangrove ecosystems are highly efficient at sequestering atmospheric carbon, storing it in their biomass and soil for long periods. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. Mangrove forests are widely recognized for their significant role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. They act as natural buffers against climate-related hazards such as cyclones and sea-level rise. Statement-II is also correct and provides a direct explanation for Statement-I. The climate mitigation capacity of mangroves is primarily due to their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This carbon, often referred to as “blue carbon,” is stored in the plants’ biomass (trunks, roots) and, most importantly, in the underlying soil. The waterlogged, anaerobic soil conditions in mangrove forests slow down decomposition, allowing carbon to remain locked away for centuries or even millennia. This makes them one of the most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. Mangrove forests are widely recognized for their significant role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. They act as natural buffers against climate-related hazards such as cyclones and sea-level rise. Statement-II is also correct and provides a direct explanation for Statement-I. The climate mitigation capacity of mangroves is primarily due to their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This carbon, often referred to as “blue carbon,” is stored in the plants’ biomass (trunks, roots) and, most importantly, in the underlying soil. The waterlogged, anaerobic soil conditions in mangrove forests slow down decomposition, allowing carbon to remain locked away for centuries or even millennia. This makes them one of the most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following Statements.

Statement-I: Mangrove forests play a critical role in mitigating the impacts of climate change. Statement-II: Mangrove ecosystems are highly efficient at sequestering atmospheric carbon, storing it in their biomass and soil for long periods.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. Mangrove forests are widely recognized for their significant role in climate change mitigation and adaptation. They act as natural buffers against climate-related hazards such as cyclones and sea-level rise.

• Statement-II is also correct and provides a direct explanation for Statement-I.

The climate mitigation capacity of mangroves is primarily due to their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This carbon, often referred to as “blue carbon,” is stored in the plants’ biomass (trunks, roots) and, most importantly, in the underlying soil. The waterlogged, anaerobic soil conditions in mangrove forests slow down decomposition, allowing carbon to remain locked away for centuries or even millennia. This makes them one of the most carbon-dense ecosystems on Earth.

Solution: A

• Statement-II is also correct and provides a direct explanation for Statement-I.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the legal framework for legal aid in India: The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, mandates the provision of free legal services only to members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) is responsible for organizing Lok Adalats. Para-Legal Volunteers (PLVs) are qualified lawyers appointed by NALSA to argue cases in court. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, outlines the criteria for persons eligible for free legal services. This list is extensive and includes not only members of SC/ST but also women, children, persons with disabilities, victims of human trafficking, industrial workmen, and persons with an annual income below a certain prescribed limit. Statement 2 is correct. One of the key functions of NALSA, along with the State and District Legal Services Authorities, is to organize Lok Adalats. These are alternative dispute resolution forums where disputes or cases pending in court or at the pre-litigation stage are settled amicably. Statement 3 is incorrect. Para-Legal Volunteers (PLVs) are not qualified lawyers who argue cases. They are trained community legal workers who act as a bridge between the community and legal services institutions. Their role is primarily in outreach, legal awareness, and providing basic legal advice and assistance, not representing clients in court. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, outlines the criteria for persons eligible for free legal services. This list is extensive and includes not only members of SC/ST but also women, children, persons with disabilities, victims of human trafficking, industrial workmen, and persons with an annual income below a certain prescribed limit. Statement 2 is correct. One of the key functions of NALSA, along with the State and District Legal Services Authorities, is to organize Lok Adalats. These are alternative dispute resolution forums where disputes or cases pending in court or at the pre-litigation stage are settled amicably. Statement 3 is incorrect. Para-Legal Volunteers (PLVs) are not qualified lawyers who argue cases. They are trained community legal workers who act as a bridge between the community and legal services institutions. Their role is primarily in outreach, legal awareness, and providing basic legal advice and assistance, not representing clients in court.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the legal framework for legal aid in India:

• The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, mandates the provision of free legal services only to members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

• The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) is responsible for organizing Lok Adalats.

• Para-Legal Volunteers (PLVs) are qualified lawyers appointed by NALSA to argue cases in court.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Section 12 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, outlines the criteria for persons eligible for free legal services. This list is extensive and includes not only members of SC/ST but also women, children, persons with disabilities, victims of human trafficking, industrial workmen, and persons with an annual income below a certain prescribed limit.

• Statement 2 is correct. One of the key functions of NALSA, along with the State and District Legal Services Authorities, is to organize Lok Adalats. These are alternative dispute resolution forums where disputes or cases pending in court or at the pre-litigation stage are settled amicably.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Para-Legal Volunteers (PLVs) are not qualified lawyers who argue cases. They are trained community legal workers who act as a bridge between the community and legal services institutions. Their role is primarily in outreach, legal awareness, and providing basic legal advice and assistance, not representing clients in court.

Solution: A

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Kyoto Protocol: It established legally binding emission reduction commitments for all signatory nations under the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR-RC). The operational framework of the Protocol included flexible mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to assist developed nations in meeting their targets. Following the end of its second commitment period in 2020, the Protocol was formally repealed by the parties to the UNFCCC. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The legally binding emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol were applicable only to developed nations, listed as Annex-I countries. Developing countries were not required to undertake such commitments. This reflects the principle of CBDR-RC, where responsibilities were differentiated based on historical contributions to emissions. Statement 2 is correct. The Kyoto Protocol introduced three market-based mechanisms to provide flexibility to Annex-I countries in meeting their targets: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI), and Emissions Trading. The CDM, for instance, allowed a developed country to fund an emission-reduction project in a developing country and earn saleable credits. Statement 3 is incorrect. Although the Protocol became operationally defunct after 2020 with no third commitment period, it was never formally repealed. The recent ICJ advisory opinion reaffirmed its continued legal validity, distinguishing legal status from operational status. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The legally binding emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol were applicable only to developed nations, listed as Annex-I countries. Developing countries were not required to undertake such commitments. This reflects the principle of CBDR-RC, where responsibilities were differentiated based on historical contributions to emissions. Statement 2 is correct. The Kyoto Protocol introduced three market-based mechanisms to provide flexibility to Annex-I countries in meeting their targets: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI), and Emissions Trading. The CDM, for instance, allowed a developed country to fund an emission-reduction project in a developing country and earn saleable credits. Statement 3 is incorrect. Although the Protocol became operationally defunct after 2020 with no third commitment period, it was never formally repealed. The recent ICJ advisory opinion reaffirmed its continued legal validity, distinguishing legal status from operational status.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Kyoto Protocol:

• It established legally binding emission reduction commitments for all signatory nations under the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR-RC).

• The operational framework of the Protocol included flexible mechanisms such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to assist developed nations in meeting their targets.

• Following the end of its second commitment period in 2020, the Protocol was formally repealed by the parties to the UNFCCC.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The legally binding emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol were applicable only to developed nations, listed as Annex-I countries. Developing countries were not required to undertake such commitments. This reflects the principle of CBDR-RC, where responsibilities were differentiated based on historical contributions to emissions.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Kyoto Protocol introduced three market-based mechanisms to provide flexibility to Annex-I countries in meeting their targets: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI), and Emissions Trading. The CDM, for instance, allowed a developed country to fund an emission-reduction project in a developing country and earn saleable credits.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Although the Protocol became operationally defunct after 2020 with no third commitment period, it was never formally repealed. The recent ICJ advisory opinion reaffirmed its continued legal validity, distinguishing legal status from operational status.

Solution: A

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question With reference to the writings and ideology of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, consider the following statements: In his book ‘Gita Rahasya’, he interpreted the Bhagavad Gita as a call for selfless action and service to humanity. He launched the newspaper ‘The Mahratta’ in the Marathi language to reach the masses. His revival of the Ganesh Utsav was aimed mainly at religious reform within Hinduism. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. While Tilak’s ‘Gita Rahasya’ is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, his interpretation emphasized Karma Yoga (the path of action) over renunciation. However, he framed this as a justification for activism and resistance in the material world, particularly in the context of the freedom struggle, rather than just selfless service in a general sense. Statement 2 is incorrect. Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded two influential newspapers: ‘Kesari’, which was published in Marathi, and ‘The Mahratta’, which was published in English. The English newspaper was intended to convey nationalist views to the English-speaking Indian elite and the British administration, while ‘Kesari’ targeted the Marathi-speaking common populace. Statement 3 is incorrect. The revival of Ganesh Utsav (1893) and Shivaji Jayanti by Tilak was a strategic political move, not mainly religious one. His primary aim was to use these traditional festivals as a platform for mass mobilization, fostering a sense of national pride and unity among people to build a broad-based movement against colonial rule. They were tools of cultural nationalism. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. While Tilak’s ‘Gita Rahasya’ is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, his interpretation emphasized Karma Yoga (the path of action) over renunciation. However, he framed this as a justification for activism and resistance in the material world, particularly in the context of the freedom struggle, rather than just selfless service in a general sense. Statement 2 is incorrect. Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded two influential newspapers: ‘Kesari’, which was published in Marathi, and ‘The Mahratta’, which was published in English. The English newspaper was intended to convey nationalist views to the English-speaking Indian elite and the British administration, while ‘Kesari’ targeted the Marathi-speaking common populace. Statement 3 is incorrect. The revival of Ganesh Utsav (1893) and Shivaji Jayanti by Tilak was a strategic political move, not mainly religious one. His primary aim was to use these traditional festivals as a platform for mass mobilization, fostering a sense of national pride and unity among people to build a broad-based movement against colonial rule. They were tools of cultural nationalism.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the writings and ideology of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, consider the following statements:

• In his book ‘Gita Rahasya’, he interpreted the Bhagavad Gita as a call for selfless action and service to humanity.

• He launched the newspaper ‘The Mahratta’ in the Marathi language to reach the masses.

• His revival of the Ganesh Utsav was aimed mainly at religious reform within Hinduism.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While Tilak’s ‘Gita Rahasya’ is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, his interpretation emphasized Karma Yoga (the path of action) over renunciation. However, he framed this as a justification for activism and resistance in the material world, particularly in the context of the freedom struggle, rather than just selfless service in a general sense.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded two influential newspapers: ‘Kesari’, which was published in Marathi, and ‘The Mahratta’, which was published in English. The English newspaper was intended to convey nationalist views to the English-speaking Indian elite and the British administration, while ‘Kesari’ targeted the Marathi-speaking common populace.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The revival of Ganesh Utsav (1893) and Shivaji Jayanti by Tilak was a strategic political move, not mainly religious one. His primary aim was to use these traditional festivals as a platform for mass mobilization, fostering a sense of national pride and unity among people to build a broad-based movement against colonial rule. They were tools of cultural nationalism.

Solution: D

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the commissioning of 1 MW green hydrogen plant at Deendayal Port, Kandla: It is the first port-based green hydrogen plant in India. The hydrogen produced is planned to be used initially to power hydrogen-fueled buses. The project aligns with India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The commissioning of this 1 MW facility at Deendayal Port, Kandla, marks a significant milestone as it is the first green hydrogen plant to be established at a major Indian port. This initiative is aimed at decarbonizing the maritime sector. Statement 2 is correct. The initial plan for the utilization of the green hydrogen produced at the plant includes a pilot project to power eleven hydrogen-fueled buses. This serves as a practical demonstration of the fuel’s application in heavy-duty transport, a key area for decarbonization. The hydrogen will also be used for port street lighting. Statement 3 is correct. This project is a direct manifestation of the objectives outlined in India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission (launched in 2023). The mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, use, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives, and this plant is a concrete step towards achieving that goal, particularly in the context of the maritime sector. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The commissioning of this 1 MW facility at Deendayal Port, Kandla, marks a significant milestone as it is the first green hydrogen plant to be established at a major Indian port. This initiative is aimed at decarbonizing the maritime sector. Statement 2 is correct. The initial plan for the utilization of the green hydrogen produced at the plant includes a pilot project to power eleven hydrogen-fueled buses. This serves as a practical demonstration of the fuel’s application in heavy-duty transport, a key area for decarbonization. The hydrogen will also be used for port street lighting. Statement 3 is correct. This project is a direct manifestation of the objectives outlined in India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission (launched in 2023). The mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, use, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives, and this plant is a concrete step towards achieving that goal, particularly in the context of the maritime sector.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the commissioning of 1 MW green hydrogen plant at Deendayal Port, Kandla:

• It is the first port-based green hydrogen plant in India.

• The hydrogen produced is planned to be used initially to power hydrogen-fueled buses.

• The project aligns with India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. The commissioning of this 1 MW facility at Deendayal Port, Kandla, marks a significant milestone as it is the first green hydrogen plant to be established at a major Indian port. This initiative is aimed at decarbonizing the maritime sector.

• Statement 2 is correct. The initial plan for the utilization of the green hydrogen produced at the plant includes a pilot project to power eleven hydrogen-fueled buses. This serves as a practical demonstration of the fuel’s application in heavy-duty transport, a key area for decarbonization. The hydrogen will also be used for port street lighting.

• Statement 3 is correct. This project is a direct manifestation of the objectives outlined in India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission (launched in 2023). The mission aims to make India a global hub for the production, use, and export of green hydrogen and its derivatives, and this plant is a concrete step towards achieving that goal, particularly in the context of the maritime sector.

Solution: C

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