UPSC Editorials Quiz : 4 September 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question With respect to the Panchsheel doctrine, consider the following assertions: Assertion (A): The Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence between India and China. Reason (R): The doctrine was based on the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-aggression, and non-interference in internal affairs. In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct? (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true. Correct Solution: A Assertion (A) is true. The Panchsheel doctrine, with its five principles, was intended to create a framework for peaceful and harmonious relations between India and China, two major Asian powers. Reason (R) is true. The five principles of Panchsheel are: mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence. These principles form the bedrock of the doctrine. The reason (R) directly explains how the Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence (A). Incorrect Solution: A Assertion (A) is true. The Panchsheel doctrine, with its five principles, was intended to create a framework for peaceful and harmonious relations between India and China, two major Asian powers. Reason (R) is true. The five principles of Panchsheel are: mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence. These principles form the bedrock of the doctrine. The reason (R) directly explains how the Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence (A).

#### 1. Question

With respect to the Panchsheel doctrine, consider the following assertions:

Assertion (A): The Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence between India and China.

Reason (R): The doctrine was based on the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-aggression, and non-interference in internal affairs.

In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?

• (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

• (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

• (c) A is true but R is false.

• (d) A is false but R is true.

Solution: A

• Assertion (A) is true. The Panchsheel doctrine, with its five principles, was intended to create a framework for peaceful and harmonious relations between India and China, two major Asian powers.

• Reason (R) is true. The five principles of Panchsheel are: mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence. These principles form the bedrock of the doctrine.

• The reason (R) directly explains how the Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence (A).

Solution: A

• The reason (R) directly explains how the Panchsheel doctrine was intended to be a framework for peaceful coexistence (A).

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question With reference to the PM SVANidhi Scheme, consider the following statements: It is a central sector scheme implemented by the Ministry of Finance. The recent restructuring of the scheme has increased the loan amount for all three tranches. The scheme now provides for a UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card for all beneficiaries. The coverage of the scheme has been expanded to include peri-urban areas. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: A The PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme is a micro-credit facility for urban street vendors. Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), not the Ministry of Finance. Statement 2 is incorrect. The recent restructuring has enhanced the loan amounts for the first and second tranches (to ₹15,000 and ₹25,000 respectively). The third tranche remains unchanged at ₹50,000. Statement 3 is incorrect. The UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card is provided to vendors who have successfully repaid the second tranche loan, not to all beneficiaries. Statement 4 is correct. The scheme’s coverage has been expanded beyond statutory towns to include census towns and peri-urban areas, thus increasing its reach. About PM SVANidhi Scheme: What it is? PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) is a micro-credit scheme for urban street vendors. It provides affordable working capital loans to restore livelihoods disrupted during COVID-19. Launched in June 1, 2020 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). Aims and Objectives Provide collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors. Promote digital payments and financial inclusion. Help vendors resume businesses post-pandemic and integrate with the formal economy. Encourage credit discipline by incentivising timely repayments. Recent Restructuring (2025) Extended Lending Period: Now valid till 31 March 2030 (earlier 31 Dec 2024). Enhanced Loan Amounts: 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000). 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000). 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged). UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card: For vendors repaying second tranche, providing instant access to credit for business and personal needs. Cashback Incentives: Vendors can earn up to ₹1,600 annually on retail/wholesale digital transactions. Expanded Coverage: Beyond statutory towns, now includes census towns and peri-urban areas. Scale of Beneficiaries: Aims to benefit 1.15 crore vendors, including 50 lakh new entrants. Incorrect Solution: A The PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme is a micro-credit facility for urban street vendors. Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), not the Ministry of Finance. Statement 2 is incorrect. The recent restructuring has enhanced the loan amounts for the first and second tranches (to ₹15,000 and ₹25,000 respectively). The third tranche remains unchanged at ₹50,000. Statement 3 is incorrect. The UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card is provided to vendors who have successfully repaid the second tranche loan, not to all beneficiaries. Statement 4 is correct. The scheme’s coverage has been expanded beyond statutory towns to include census towns and peri-urban areas, thus increasing its reach. About PM SVANidhi Scheme: What it is? PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) is a micro-credit scheme for urban street vendors. It provides affordable working capital loans to restore livelihoods disrupted during COVID-19. Launched in June 1, 2020 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). Aims and Objectives Provide collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors. Promote digital payments and financial inclusion. Help vendors resume businesses post-pandemic and integrate with the formal economy. Encourage credit discipline by incentivising timely repayments. Recent Restructuring (2025) Extended Lending Period: Now valid till 31 March 2030 (earlier 31 Dec 2024). Enhanced Loan Amounts: 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000). 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000). 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged). UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card: For vendors repaying second tranche, providing instant access to credit for business and personal needs. Cashback Incentives: Vendors can earn up to ₹1,600 annually on retail/wholesale digital transactions. Expanded Coverage: Beyond statutory towns, now includes census towns and peri-urban areas. Scale of Beneficiaries: Aims to benefit 1.15 crore vendors, including 50 lakh new entrants.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the PM SVANidhi Scheme, consider the following statements:

• It is a central sector scheme implemented by the Ministry of Finance.

• The recent restructuring of the scheme has increased the loan amount for all three tranches.

• The scheme now provides for a UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card for all beneficiaries.

• The coverage of the scheme has been expanded to include peri-urban areas.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: A

The PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme is a micro-credit facility for urban street vendors.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), not the Ministry of Finance.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The recent restructuring has enhanced the loan amounts for the first and second tranches (to ₹15,000 and ₹25,000 respectively). The third tranche remains unchanged at ₹50,000.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card is provided to vendors who have successfully repaid the second tranche loan, not to all beneficiaries.

• Statement 4 is correct. The scheme’s coverage has been expanded beyond statutory towns to include census towns and peri-urban areas, thus increasing its reach.

About PM SVANidhi Scheme:

What it is?

• PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) is a micro-credit scheme for urban street vendors.

• It provides affordable working capital loans to restore livelihoods disrupted during COVID-19.

Launched in

• June 1, 2020 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

Aims and Objectives

• Provide collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors.

• Promote digital payments and financial inclusion.

• Help vendors resume businesses post-pandemic and integrate with the formal economy.

• Encourage credit discipline by incentivising timely repayments.

Recent Restructuring (2025)

• Extended Lending Period: Now valid till 31 March 2030 (earlier 31 Dec 2024).

• Enhanced Loan Amounts: 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000). 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000). 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged).

• 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000).

• 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000).

• 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged).

• UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card: For vendors repaying second tranche, providing instant access to credit for business and personal needs.

• Cashback Incentives: Vendors can earn up to ₹1,600 annually on retail/wholesale digital transactions.

• Expanded Coverage: Beyond statutory towns, now includes census towns and peri-urban areas.

• Scale of Beneficiaries: Aims to benefit 1.15 crore vendors, including 50 lakh new entrants.

Solution: A

The PM Street Vendor’s AtmaNirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) Scheme is a micro-credit facility for urban street vendors.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The scheme is implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), not the Ministry of Finance.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card is provided to vendors who have successfully repaid the second tranche loan, not to all beneficiaries.

• Statement 4 is correct. The scheme’s coverage has been expanded beyond statutory towns to include census towns and peri-urban areas, thus increasing its reach.

About PM SVANidhi Scheme:

What it is?

• PM Street Vendor’s Atma Nirbhar Nidhi (PM SVANidhi) is a micro-credit scheme for urban street vendors.

• It provides affordable working capital loans to restore livelihoods disrupted during COVID-19.

Launched in

• June 1, 2020 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

Aims and Objectives

• Provide collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors.

• Promote digital payments and financial inclusion.

• Help vendors resume businesses post-pandemic and integrate with the formal economy.

• Encourage credit discipline by incentivising timely repayments.

Recent Restructuring (2025)

• Extended Lending Period: Now valid till 31 March 2030 (earlier 31 Dec 2024).

• Enhanced Loan Amounts: 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000). 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000). 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged).

• 1st tranche: ₹15,000 (earlier ₹10,000).

• 2nd tranche: ₹25,000 (earlier ₹20,000).

• 3rd tranche: ₹50,000 (unchanged).

• UPI-linked RuPay Credit Card: For vendors repaying second tranche, providing instant access to credit for business and personal needs.

• Cashback Incentives: Vendors can earn up to ₹1,600 annually on retail/wholesale digital transactions.

• Expanded Coverage: Beyond statutory towns, now includes census towns and peri-urban areas.

• Scale of Beneficiaries: Aims to benefit 1.15 crore vendors, including 50 lakh new entrants.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following pairs: Event/Concept Associated Outcome/Principle 1. Rio Earth Summit Convention on Biological Diversity 2. Rio Earth Summit Common but Differentiated Responsibilities 3. Rio Earth Summit Paris Agreement How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B The 1992 Rio Earth Summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was a landmark event in global environmental governance. Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was one of the major legally binding agreements that emerged from the Rio Earth Summit. Its objectives are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Pair 2 is correctly matched. The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) was a cornerstone of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. This principle acknowledges that all countries have a shared responsibility to protect the environment, but also recognizes that developed countries have a greater responsibility due to their historical contribution to environmental problems and their greater financial and technological capacity. Pair 3 is not correctly matched. The Paris Agreement was adopted at the COP21 in Paris in 2015. While it is a part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which originated at the Rio Earth Summit, the Paris Agreement itself is a much more recent development and not a direct outcome of the 1992 summit. Incorrect Solution: B The 1992 Rio Earth Summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was a landmark event in global environmental governance. Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was one of the major legally binding agreements that emerged from the Rio Earth Summit. Its objectives are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. Pair 2 is correctly matched. The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) was a cornerstone of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. This principle acknowledges that all countries have a shared responsibility to protect the environment, but also recognizes that developed countries have a greater responsibility due to their historical contribution to environmental problems and their greater financial and technological capacity. Pair 3 is not correctly matched. The Paris Agreement was adopted at the COP21 in Paris in 2015. While it is a part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which originated at the Rio Earth Summit, the Paris Agreement itself is a much more recent development and not a direct outcome of the 1992 summit.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following pairs:

| Event/Concept | Associated Outcome/Principle

1.| Rio Earth Summit | Convention on Biological Diversity
2.| Rio Earth Summit | Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
3.| Rio Earth Summit | Paris Agreement

How many of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

The 1992 Rio Earth Summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was a landmark event in global environmental governance.

• Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was one of the major legally binding agreements that emerged from the Rio Earth Summit. Its objectives are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.

• Pair 2 is correctly matched. The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) was a cornerstone of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. This principle acknowledges that all countries have a shared responsibility to protect the environment, but also recognizes that developed countries have a greater responsibility due to their historical contribution to environmental problems and their greater financial and technological capacity.

• Pair 3 is not correctly matched. The Paris Agreement was adopted at the COP21 in Paris in 2015. While it is a part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which originated at the Rio Earth Summit, the Paris Agreement itself is a much more recent development and not a direct outcome of the 1992 summit.

Solution: B

The 1992 Rio Earth Summit, also known as the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), was a landmark event in global environmental governance.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Samudrayaan Project: The project aims to explore the ocean at depths up to 3,000 metres. The submersible ‘Matsya-6000’ is being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The project is a part of the larger Deep Ocean Mission. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A The Samudrayaan Project is India’s ambitious initiative for deep-sea exploration. Statement 1 is incorrect. The project’s objective is to explore the ocean at depths up to 6,000 metres, not 3,000 metres. This depth capability is crucial for accessing deep-sea resources like polymetallic nodules. Statement 2 is incorrect. The ‘Matsya-6000’ submersible is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), which is the nodal agency for this component of the Deep Ocean Mission. While ISRO has contributed to the fabrication of the personnel sphere, DRDO is not the primary agency developing the submersible. Statement 3 is correct. The Samudrayaan Project is the manned component of the Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), which is a comprehensive umbrella scheme with six different components aimed at exploring and harnessing deep-sea resources and technologies. Incorrect Solution: A The Samudrayaan Project is India’s ambitious initiative for deep-sea exploration. Statement 1 is incorrect. The project’s objective is to explore the ocean at depths up to 6,000 metres, not 3,000 metres. This depth capability is crucial for accessing deep-sea resources like polymetallic nodules. Statement 2 is incorrect. The ‘Matsya-6000’ submersible is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), which is the nodal agency for this component of the Deep Ocean Mission. While ISRO has contributed to the fabrication of the personnel sphere, DRDO is not the primary agency developing the submersible. Statement 3 is correct. The Samudrayaan Project is the manned component of the Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), which is a comprehensive umbrella scheme with six different components aimed at exploring and harnessing deep-sea resources and technologies.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Samudrayaan Project:

• The project aims to explore the ocean at depths up to 3,000 metres.

• The submersible ‘Matsya-6000’ is being developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).

• The project is a part of the larger Deep Ocean Mission.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

The Samudrayaan Project is India’s ambitious initiative for deep-sea exploration.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The project’s objective is to explore the ocean at depths up to 6,000 metres, not 3,000 metres. This depth capability is crucial for accessing deep-sea resources like polymetallic nodules.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The ‘Matsya-6000’ submersible is being developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), which is the nodal agency for this component of the Deep Ocean Mission. While ISRO has contributed to the fabrication of the personnel sphere, DRDO is not the primary agency developing the submersible.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Samudrayaan Project is the manned component of the Deep Ocean Mission (DOM), which is a comprehensive umbrella scheme with six different components aimed at exploring and harnessing deep-sea resources and technologies.

Solution: A

The Samudrayaan Project is India’s ambitious initiative for deep-sea exploration.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the geography of Japan, consider the following statements: The country is an archipelago consisting of four main islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Mount Fuji is the highest peak in Japan. The Kanto Plain is the most extensive and productive agricultural region in Japan. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Japan is an island country in East Asia with a distinctive geography. Statement 1 is incorrect. Japan’s four main islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Okinawa is part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is a smaller island group to the southwest of the main islands. Statement 2 is correct. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan and is an active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–1708. While it is currently classified as active, it has been dormant for over 300 years. Statement 3 is correct. The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan and is a major center for agriculture, industry, and population. It includes the Tokyo metropolitan area and is one of the most fertile and economically important regions of the country. Incorrect Solution: B Japan is an island country in East Asia with a distinctive geography. Statement 1 is incorrect. Japan’s four main islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Okinawa is part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is a smaller island group to the southwest of the main islands. Statement 2 is correct. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan and is an active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–1708. While it is currently classified as active, it has been dormant for over 300 years. Statement 3 is correct. The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan and is a major center for agriculture, industry, and population. It includes the Tokyo metropolitan area and is one of the most fertile and economically important regions of the country.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the geography of Japan, consider the following statements:

• The country is an archipelago consisting of four main islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Okinawa.

• Mount Fuji is the highest peak in Japan.

• The Kanto Plain is the most extensive and productive agricultural region in Japan.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Japan is an island country in East Asia with a distinctive geography.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Japan’s four main islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku. Okinawa is part of the Ryukyu Islands, which is a smaller island group to the southwest of the main islands.

• Statement 2 is correct. Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan and is an active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–1708. While it is currently classified as active, it has been dormant for over 300 years.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan and is a major center for agriculture, industry, and population. It includes the Tokyo metropolitan area and is one of the most fertile and economically important regions of the country.

Solution: B

Japan is an island country in East Asia with a distinctive geography.

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