UPSC Editorials Quiz : 4 January 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about Indian efforts to counter Disease X: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) monitors trends and tracks outbreaks. The National Institute of Virology focuses exclusively on bacterial pathogens. Biotech initiatives promote indigenous vaccine and diagnostic tool development. The Emergency Response Fund allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as IDSP monitors disease trends and outbreaks. Statement 2 is incorrect because the National Institute of Virology focuses on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases. Statement 3 is correct, emphasizing indigenous biotech advancements. Statement 4 is correct as the Emergency Response Fund supports immediate pandemic responses. Indian Efforts: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP): Tracks outbreaks and monitors trends. National Institute of Virology:Conducts research on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases. Biotech Initiatives:Focus on indigenous vaccine development and diagnostic tools. Emergency Response Fund: Allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as IDSP monitors disease trends and outbreaks. Statement 2 is incorrect because the National Institute of Virology focuses on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases. Statement 3 is correct, emphasizing indigenous biotech advancements. Statement 4 is correct as the Emergency Response Fund supports immediate pandemic responses. Indian Efforts: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP): Tracks outbreaks and monitors trends. National Institute of Virology:Conducts research on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases. Biotech Initiatives:Focus on indigenous vaccine development and diagnostic tools. Emergency Response Fund: Allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about Indian efforts to counter Disease X:

• The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) monitors trends and tracks outbreaks.

• The National Institute of Virology focuses exclusively on bacterial pathogens.

• Biotech initiatives promote indigenous vaccine and diagnostic tool development.

• The Emergency Response Fund allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct as IDSP monitors disease trends and outbreaks.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the National Institute of Virology focuses on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases.

Statement 3 is correct, emphasizing indigenous biotech advancements.

Statement 4 is correct as the Emergency Response Fund supports immediate pandemic responses.

Indian Efforts:

• Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP): Tracks outbreaks and monitors trends.

• National Institute of Virology:Conducts research on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases.

• Biotech Initiatives:Focus on indigenous vaccine development and diagnostic tools.

• Emergency Response Fund: Allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct as IDSP monitors disease trends and outbreaks.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the National Institute of Virology focuses on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases.

Statement 3 is correct, emphasizing indigenous biotech advancements.

Statement 4 is correct as the Emergency Response Fund supports immediate pandemic responses.

Indian Efforts:

• Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP): Tracks outbreaks and monitors trends.

• National Institute of Virology:Conducts research on viral pathogens and zoonotic diseases.

• Biotech Initiatives:Focus on indigenous vaccine development and diagnostic tools.

• Emergency Response Fund: Allocates resources for immediate pandemic responses.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding judicial dissent: Dissent can influence future legal developments. Political dissent often emerges from judicial conformity with legislative decisions. Social dissent relates to disputes over societal or cultural norms. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as dissents often pave the way for legal evolution. Statement 3 is also correct because social dissent involves contrasting views on societal or cultural norms. Statement 2 is incorrect; political dissent reflects resistance to political influence, not conformity. What Is Dissent in Judiciary? Definition:A dissent is a disagreement by one or more judges with the majority opinion in a judicial decision. Significance:It reflects an alternate interpretation of law, strengthens democratic dialogue, and influences future legal developments. Types of Judicial Dissents: Intellectual Dissent: Based on logical or textual differences in interpreting laws. Example: Justice B.V. Nagarathna’s dissent in Lalta Prasad Vaish (2024)on taxing industrial alcohol under “intoxicating liquor.” Political Dissent: Stems from judicial resistance to political influences. Example: Justice H.R. Khanna’s dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976)upheld the sanctity of Article 21 during the Emergency. Social Dissent: Reflects contrasting views on societal or cultural issues. Example: Justices Khehar and Nazeer’s dissent in Shayara Bano (2017)upheld triple talaq as integral to Sunni personal law. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as dissents often pave the way for legal evolution. Statement 3 is also correct because social dissent involves contrasting views on societal or cultural norms. Statement 2 is incorrect; political dissent reflects resistance to political influence, not conformity. What Is Dissent in Judiciary? Definition:A dissent is a disagreement by one or more judges with the majority opinion in a judicial decision. Significance:It reflects an alternate interpretation of law, strengthens democratic dialogue, and influences future legal developments. Types of Judicial Dissents: Intellectual Dissent: Based on logical or textual differences in interpreting laws. Example: Justice B.V. Nagarathna’s dissent in Lalta Prasad Vaish (2024)on taxing industrial alcohol under “intoxicating liquor.” Political Dissent: Stems from judicial resistance to political influences. Example: Justice H.R. Khanna’s dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976)upheld the sanctity of Article 21 during the Emergency. Social Dissent: Reflects contrasting views on societal or cultural issues. Example: Justices Khehar and Nazeer’s dissent in Shayara Bano (2017)upheld triple talaq as integral to Sunni personal law.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding judicial dissent:

• Dissent can influence future legal developments.

• Political dissent often emerges from judicial conformity with legislative decisions.

• Social dissent relates to disputes over societal or cultural norms.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2

• b) 2 and 3

• c) 1 and 3

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct as dissents often pave the way for legal evolution.

Statement 3 is also correct because social dissent involves contrasting views on societal or cultural norms. Statement 2 is incorrect; political dissent reflects resistance to political influence, not conformity.

What Is Dissent in Judiciary?

• Definition:A dissent is a disagreement by one or more judges with the majority opinion in a judicial decision.

• Significance:It reflects an alternate interpretation of law, strengthens democratic dialogue, and influences future legal developments.

Types of Judicial Dissents:

Intellectual Dissent:

• Based on logical or textual differences in interpreting laws.

• Example: Justice B.V. Nagarathna’s dissent in Lalta Prasad Vaish (2024)on taxing industrial alcohol under “intoxicating liquor.”

Political Dissent:

• Stems from judicial resistance to political influences.

• Example: Justice H.R. Khanna’s dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976)upheld the sanctity of Article 21 during the Emergency.

Social Dissent:

• Reflects contrasting views on societal or cultural issues.

• Example: Justices Khehar and Nazeer’s dissent in Shayara Bano (2017)upheld triple talaq as integral to Sunni personal law.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct as dissents often pave the way for legal evolution.

What Is Dissent in Judiciary?

• Definition:A dissent is a disagreement by one or more judges with the majority opinion in a judicial decision.

• Significance:It reflects an alternate interpretation of law, strengthens democratic dialogue, and influences future legal developments.

Types of Judicial Dissents:

Intellectual Dissent:

• Based on logical or textual differences in interpreting laws.

• Example: Justice B.V. Nagarathna’s dissent in Lalta Prasad Vaish (2024)on taxing industrial alcohol under “intoxicating liquor.”

Political Dissent:

• Stems from judicial resistance to political influences.

• Example: Justice H.R. Khanna’s dissent in ADM Jabalpur (1976)upheld the sanctity of Article 21 during the Emergency.

Social Dissent:

• Reflects contrasting views on societal or cultural issues.

• Example: Justices Khehar and Nazeer’s dissent in Shayara Bano (2017)upheld triple talaq as integral to Sunni personal law.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements about the India Meteorological Department (IMD)’ s role in disaster management: It issues early warnings for cyclones and heavy rainfall. It collaborates with disaster management authorities for evacuation planning. It plays a key role in aviation meteorology. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The IMD provides early warnings for cyclones and heavy rainfall and supports aviation meteorology. Statement 2 is incorrect because evacuation planning is managed by local disaster management authorities. Functions: Weather Forecasting: Short-term and long-term predictions for agriculture, aviation, and disaster management. Cyclone Warnings: Specialized cyclone prediction for the Indian Ocean region. Data Collection: Operates regional and state-level meteorological centres and over 700 observatories. Climate Research: Studies climate change impacts, extreme weather, and monsoon dynamics. Sectoral Services: Supports aviation, shipping, fisheries, and flood management with real-time data. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The IMD provides early warnings for cyclones and heavy rainfall and supports aviation meteorology. Statement 2 is incorrect because evacuation planning is managed by local disaster management authorities. Functions: Weather Forecasting: Short-term and long-term predictions for agriculture, aviation, and disaster management. Cyclone Warnings: Specialized cyclone prediction for the Indian Ocean region. Data Collection: Operates regional and state-level meteorological centres and over 700 observatories. Climate Research: Studies climate change impacts, extreme weather, and monsoon dynamics. Sectoral Services: Supports aviation, shipping, fisheries, and flood management with real-time data.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about the India Meteorological Department (IMD)’ s role in disaster management:

• It issues early warnings for cyclones and heavy rainfall.

• It collaborates with disaster management authorities for evacuation planning.

• It plays a key role in aviation meteorology.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The IMD provides early warnings for cyclones and heavy rainfall and supports aviation meteorology. Statement 2 is incorrect because evacuation planning is managed by local disaster management authorities.

Functions:

• Weather Forecasting: Short-term and long-term predictions for agriculture, aviation, and disaster management.

• Cyclone Warnings: Specialized cyclone prediction for the Indian Ocean region.

• Data Collection: Operates regional and state-level meteorological centres and over 700 observatories.

• Climate Research: Studies climate change impacts, extreme weather, and monsoon dynamics.

• Sectoral Services: Supports aviation, shipping, fisheries, and flood management with real-time data.

Solution: b)

Functions:

• Weather Forecasting: Short-term and long-term predictions for agriculture, aviation, and disaster management.

• Cyclone Warnings: Specialized cyclone prediction for the Indian Ocean region.

• Data Collection: Operates regional and state-level meteorological centres and over 700 observatories.

• Climate Research: Studies climate change impacts, extreme weather, and monsoon dynamics.

• Sectoral Services: Supports aviation, shipping, fisheries, and flood management with real-time data.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following is a key reason for the disappearance of the Saraswati River according to scientific studies? a) Volcanic activity in the Himalayan region b) Subterranean absorption due to karst topography c) Sudden glacial melting leading to overflow d) Tectonic shifts and river capture by the Yamuna and Sutlej Correct Solution: d) Scientific studies suggest that the disappearance of the Saraswati River is primarily attributed to tectonic activity and river capture. Tectonic shifts in the Himalayan region altered the river’s flow, causing major tributaries like the Yamuna and Sutlej to change their courses. This diversion captured the Saraswati’s water, gradually reducing its flow and leading to its eventual disappearance. The river’s decline is also linked to climatic changes, such as decreased rainfall during the late Harappan period, which compounded its drying up. Incorrect Solution: d) Scientific studies suggest that the disappearance of the Saraswati River is primarily attributed to tectonic activity and river capture. Tectonic shifts in the Himalayan region altered the river’s flow, causing major tributaries like the Yamuna and Sutlej to change their courses. This diversion captured the Saraswati’s water, gradually reducing its flow and leading to its eventual disappearance. The river’s decline is also linked to climatic changes, such as decreased rainfall during the late Harappan period, which compounded its drying up.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following is a key reason for the disappearance of the Saraswati River according to scientific studies?

• a) Volcanic activity in the Himalayan region

• b) Subterranean absorption due to karst topography

• c) Sudden glacial melting leading to overflow

• d) Tectonic shifts and river capture by the Yamuna and Sutlej

Solution: d)

Scientific studies suggest that the disappearance of the Saraswati River is primarily attributed to tectonic activity and river capture. Tectonic shifts in the Himalayan region altered the river’s flow, causing major tributaries like the Yamuna and Sutlej to change their courses.

This diversion captured the Saraswati’s water, gradually reducing its flow and leading to its eventual disappearance.

The river’s decline is also linked to climatic changes, such as decreased rainfall during the late Harappan period, which compounded its drying up.

Solution: d)

This diversion captured the Saraswati’s water, gradually reducing its flow and leading to its eventual disappearance.

The river’s decline is also linked to climatic changes, such as decreased rainfall during the late Harappan period, which compounded its drying up.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question What is the primary anthropogenic source of nitrate contamination in groundwater? a) Natural decomposition of organic matter b) Leaching from volcanic soils c) Overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture d) Windborne deposition from forest ecosystems Correct Solution: c) The primary anthropogenic source of nitrate contamination in groundwater is the overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. When these fertilizers are applied excessively, nitrates leach into the soil and percolate into groundwater, particularly in areas with poor agricultural management practices or high irrigation rates. This contamination poses serious environmental and health risks, such as eutrophication of water bodies and conditions like methemoglobinemia, commonly known as “blue baby syndrome.” Incorrect Solution: c) The primary anthropogenic source of nitrate contamination in groundwater is the overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. When these fertilizers are applied excessively, nitrates leach into the soil and percolate into groundwater, particularly in areas with poor agricultural management practices or high irrigation rates. This contamination poses serious environmental and health risks, such as eutrophication of water bodies and conditions like methemoglobinemia, commonly known as “blue baby syndrome.”

#### 5. Question

What is the primary anthropogenic source of nitrate contamination in groundwater?

• a) Natural decomposition of organic matter

• b) Leaching from volcanic soils

• c) Overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture

• d) Windborne deposition from forest ecosystems

Solution: c)

The primary anthropogenic source of nitrate contamination in groundwater is the overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. When these fertilizers are applied excessively, nitrates leach into the soil and percolate into groundwater, particularly in areas with poor agricultural management practices or high irrigation rates. This contamination poses serious environmental and health risks, such as eutrophication of water bodies and conditions like methemoglobinemia, commonly known as “blue baby syndrome.”

Solution: c)

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