UPSC Editorials Quiz : 28 November 2024

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about tuberculosis (TB): Pulmonary TB is caused by the Mycobacterium leprae bacterium. Weight loss, fatigue, and fever are common symptoms of TB. TB can be transmitted through droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). However, Statement 1 is incorrect, as Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, not TB. Statement 2 is correct because common symptoms of TB include weight loss, persistent fatigue, fever, night sweats, and a chronic cough. These symptoms often reflect the body’s response to the infection. Statement 3 is also correct, as TB is highly contagious and spreads via respiratory droplets expelled when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. This mode of transmission makes TB a significant public health concern, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated environments. Incorrect Solution: b) Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). However, Statement 1 is incorrect, as Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, not TB. Statement 2 is correct because common symptoms of TB include weight loss, persistent fatigue, fever, night sweats, and a chronic cough. These symptoms often reflect the body’s response to the infection. Statement 3 is also correct, as TB is highly contagious and spreads via respiratory droplets expelled when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. This mode of transmission makes TB a significant public health concern, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about tuberculosis (TB):

• Pulmonary TB is caused by the Mycobacterium leprae bacterium.

• Weight loss, fatigue, and fever are common symptoms of TB.

• TB can be transmitted through droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). However, Statement 1 is incorrect, as Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, not TB.

Statement 2 is correct because common symptoms of TB include weight loss, persistent fatigue, fever, night sweats, and a chronic cough. These symptoms often reflect the body’s response to the infection.

Statement 3 is also correct, as TB is highly contagious and spreads via respiratory droplets expelled when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or speaks. This mode of transmission makes TB a significant public health concern, especially in crowded or poorly ventilated environments.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about uranium isotopes and fission: U-235 is the only isotope of uranium capable of undergoing nuclear fission. U-238 is the dominant isotope in natural uranium and is non-fissile. U-235 in nuclear reactors undergoes fusion to release energy. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1 and 2 only Correct Solution: b) Uranium isotopes play a critical role in nuclear energy production. Statement 1 is incorrect because while U-235 is fissile and capable of undergoing nuclear fission to release energy, it is not the only fissile isotope; for instance, isotopes like Pu-239 also undergo fission. Statement 2 is correct, as U-238 is the most abundant isotope in natural uranium (comprising about 99.3%) and is non-fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction. However, U-238 can absorb neutrons to form Pu-239, which is fissile. Statement 3 is incorrect because U-235 releases energy through nuclear fission, where its nucleus splits into smaller nuclei upon absorbing a neutron, not through fusion, which involves combining nuclei. This distinction is essential for understanding the mechanics of nuclear reactors, where fission, not fusion, is the source of energy production. Incorrect Solution: b) Uranium isotopes play a critical role in nuclear energy production. Statement 1 is incorrect because while U-235 is fissile and capable of undergoing nuclear fission to release energy, it is not the only fissile isotope; for instance, isotopes like Pu-239 also undergo fission. Statement 2 is correct, as U-238 is the most abundant isotope in natural uranium (comprising about 99.3%) and is non-fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction. However, U-238 can absorb neutrons to form Pu-239, which is fissile. Statement 3 is incorrect because U-235 releases energy through nuclear fission, where its nucleus splits into smaller nuclei upon absorbing a neutron, not through fusion, which involves combining nuclei. This distinction is essential for understanding the mechanics of nuclear reactors, where fission, not fusion, is the source of energy production.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about uranium isotopes and fission:

• U-235 is the only isotope of uranium capable of undergoing nuclear fission.

• U-238 is the dominant isotope in natural uranium and is non-fissile.

• U-235 in nuclear reactors undergoes fusion to release energy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1 and 2 only

Solution: b)

Uranium isotopes play a critical role in nuclear energy production.

Statement 1 is incorrect because while U-235 is fissile and capable of undergoing nuclear fission to release energy, it is not the only fissile isotope; for instance, isotopes like Pu-239 also undergo fission.

Statement 2 is correct, as U-238 is the most abundant isotope in natural uranium (comprising about 99.3%) and is non-fissile, meaning it cannot sustain a chain reaction. However, U-238 can absorb neutrons to form Pu-239, which is fissile.

Statement 3 is incorrect because U-235 releases energy through nuclear fission, where its nucleus splits into smaller nuclei upon absorbing a neutron, not through fusion, which involves combining nuclei. This distinction is essential for understanding the mechanics of nuclear reactors, where fission, not fusion, is the source of energy production.

Solution: b)

Uranium isotopes play a critical role in nuclear energy production.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which one of the following is an exemption under the Places of Worship Act, 1991? a) Cases related to religious conversions filed after 1991. b) Disputes related to ancient monuments under the 1958 Act. c) All disputes regarding historical places of worship. d) Cases settled after the Act’s enforcement. Correct Solution: b) The Act excludes cases governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, as well as the Ayodhya dispute and disputes resolved before its enforcement. It does not cover cases filed post-1991 or settled after the Act’s implementation. Incorrect Solution: b) The Act excludes cases governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, as well as the Ayodhya dispute and disputes resolved before its enforcement. It does not cover cases filed post-1991 or settled after the Act’s implementation.

#### 3. Question

Which one of the following is an exemption under the Places of Worship Act, 1991?

• a) Cases related to religious conversions filed after 1991.

• b) Disputes related to ancient monuments under the 1958 Act.

• c) All disputes regarding historical places of worship.

• d) Cases settled after the Act’s enforcement.

Solution: b)

The Act excludes cases governed by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, as well as the Ayodhya dispute and disputes resolved before its enforcement. It does not cover cases filed post-1991 or settled after the Act’s implementation.

Solution: b)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question RNA editing is primarily characterized by: a) Permanent alterations in the genome b) Temporary and reversible modifications in RNA molecules c) Permanent changes in RNA molecules d) Irreversible protein changes Correct Solution: b) RNA editing involves making transient and precise alterations in RNA molecules. Unlike DNA editing, which induces permanent genetic changes, RNA editing does not modify the genome itself. This reversibility offers a safer therapeutic option with reduced long-term risks, making it particularly suitable for treating genetic disorders. Incorrect Solution: b) RNA editing involves making transient and precise alterations in RNA molecules. Unlike DNA editing, which induces permanent genetic changes, RNA editing does not modify the genome itself. This reversibility offers a safer therapeutic option with reduced long-term risks, making it particularly suitable for treating genetic disorders.

#### 4. Question

RNA editing is primarily characterized by:

• a) Permanent alterations in the genome

• b) Temporary and reversible modifications in RNA molecules

• c) Permanent changes in RNA molecules

• d) Irreversible protein changes

Solution: b)

RNA editing involves making transient and precise alterations in RNA molecules. Unlike DNA editing, which induces permanent genetic changes, RNA editing does not modify the genome itself. This reversibility offers a safer therapeutic option with reduced long-term risks, making it particularly suitable for treating genetic disorders.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis: Sputum smear microscopy is one of the most common methods to diagnose TB. Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) occurs when TB bacteria become resistant to at least two first-line drugs. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides lifelong immunity against TB. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct because sputum smear microscopy is one of the most common and affordable diagnostic techniques to detect TB bacteria by examining sputum under a microscope. It is widely used in resource-limited settings. Statement 2 is correct as Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) is characterized by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, which are the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB requires second-line drugs for treatment, which are more expensive and have significant side effects. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides limited protection, primarily against severe forms of TB like meningitis in children. It does not confer lifelong immunity, and its effectiveness against pulmonary TB in adults is variable. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct because sputum smear microscopy is one of the most common and affordable diagnostic techniques to detect TB bacteria by examining sputum under a microscope. It is widely used in resource-limited settings. Statement 2 is correct as Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) is characterized by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, which are the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB requires second-line drugs for treatment, which are more expensive and have significant side effects. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides limited protection, primarily against severe forms of TB like meningitis in children. It does not confer lifelong immunity, and its effectiveness against pulmonary TB in adults is variable.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis:

• Sputum smear microscopy is one of the most common methods to diagnose TB.

• Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) occurs when TB bacteria become resistant to at least two first-line drugs.

• The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides lifelong immunity against TB.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct because sputum smear microscopy is one of the most common and affordable diagnostic techniques to detect TB bacteria by examining sputum under a microscope. It is widely used in resource-limited settings.

Statement 2 is correct as Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) is characterized by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, which are the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB requires second-line drugs for treatment, which are more expensive and have significant side effects.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides limited protection, primarily against severe forms of TB like meningitis in children. It does not confer lifelong immunity, and its effectiveness against pulmonary TB in adults is variable.

Solution: a)

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