UPSC Editorials Quiz : 28 June 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which Supreme Court judgment first established a legal framework for passive euthanasia in India, dealing with a patient in a permanent vegetative state? (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996) (b) Common Cause v. Union of India (2018) (c) Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011) (d) None of the above Correct Solution: C (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996): This case denied the ‘Right to Die’. It is therefore incorrect. (b) Common Cause v. Union of India (2018): This case recognized the ‘Right to Die with Dignity’ and legalized ‘Advance Directives’. While it built upon previous jurisprudence, it was not the first to allow passive euthanasia. (c) Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011): This judgment “Allowed Passive Euthanasia under strict conditions.” The case famously revolved around nurse Aruna Shanbaug, who was in a permanent vegetative state for decades, making it the landmark judgment that first laid down guidelines for passive euthanasia. Incorrect Solution: C (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996): This case denied the ‘Right to Die’. It is therefore incorrect. (b) Common Cause v. Union of India (2018): This case recognized the ‘Right to Die with Dignity’ and legalized ‘Advance Directives’. While it built upon previous jurisprudence, it was not the first to allow passive euthanasia. (c) Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011): This judgment “Allowed Passive Euthanasia under strict conditions.” The case famously revolved around nurse Aruna Shanbaug, who was in a permanent vegetative state for decades, making it the landmark judgment that first laid down guidelines for passive euthanasia.

#### 1. Question

Which Supreme Court judgment first established a legal framework for passive euthanasia in India, dealing with a patient in a permanent vegetative state?

• (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996)

• (b) Common Cause v. Union of India (2018)

• (c) Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011)

• (d) None of the above

Solution: C

• (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996): This case denied the ‘Right to Die’. It is therefore incorrect.

• (b) Common Cause v. Union of India (2018): This case recognized the ‘Right to Die with Dignity’ and legalized ‘Advance Directives’. While it built upon previous jurisprudence, it was not the first to allow passive euthanasia.

• (c) Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India (2011): This judgment “Allowed Passive Euthanasia under strict conditions.” The case famously revolved around nurse Aruna Shanbaug, who was in a permanent vegetative state for decades, making it the landmark judgment that first laid down guidelines for passive euthanasia.

Solution: C

• (a) Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996): This case denied the ‘Right to Die’. It is therefore incorrect.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the declaration and consequences of the 1975 Emergency: During the Emergency, Article 359 was used to suspend the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, including Article 14 and Article 21. The Shah Commission was established after the Emergency to investigate and report on the excesses committed during the period. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. During the Emergency, Article 359 of the Constitution was invoked. This empowered the President to issue orders suspending the right of citizens to move any court for the enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights. The initial order covered rights under Articles 14, 21, and 22, leading to the suspension of civil liberties and preventing citizens from seeking judicial remedy against arbitrary detention. Statement 2 is correct. The new government appointed the Shah Commission, a commission of inquiry headed by Justice J.C. Shah, a former Chief Justice of India. Its purpose was to inquire into all the excesses—committed during the Emergency period. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. During the Emergency, Article 359 of the Constitution was invoked. This empowered the President to issue orders suspending the right of citizens to move any court for the enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights. The initial order covered rights under Articles 14, 21, and 22, leading to the suspension of civil liberties and preventing citizens from seeking judicial remedy against arbitrary detention. Statement 2 is correct. The new government appointed the Shah Commission, a commission of inquiry headed by Justice J.C. Shah, a former Chief Justice of India. Its purpose was to inquire into all the excesses—committed during the Emergency period.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the declaration and consequences of the 1975 Emergency:

• During the Emergency, Article 359 was used to suspend the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, including Article 14 and Article 21.

• The Shah Commission was established after the Emergency to investigate and report on the excesses committed during the period.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. During the Emergency, Article 359 of the Constitution was invoked. This empowered the President to issue orders suspending the right of citizens to move any court for the enforcement of specified Fundamental Rights. The initial order covered rights under Articles 14, 21, and 22, leading to the suspension of civil liberties and preventing citizens from seeking judicial remedy against arbitrary detention.

• Statement 2 is correct. The new government appointed the Shah Commission, a commission of inquiry headed by Justice J.C. Shah, a former Chief Justice of India. Its purpose was to inquire into all the excesses—committed during the Emergency period.

Solution: C

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Cloudbursts: A cloudburst is characterized by rainfall of 100 mm or more in one hour over a large geographical area, typically exceeding 100 km². The formation of deep vertical cumulonimbus clouds is driven by strong convection currents. Adiabatic cooling of moist air masses is a key process in cloudburst formation, particularly in hilly regions. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) released its first specific guidelines on Cloudburst Management in 2025. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. A cloudburst is a highly intense rainfall event (≥100 mm in under one hour) but it occurs over a localized area, which is specified as approximately 10 km², not over 100 km². The localized nature is a defining characteristic. Statement 2 is correct. The strong convection currents, with rapid vertical air motion, lead to the formation of deep vertical clouds (cumulonimbus) that store immense amounts of water. Statement 3 is correct. When moist air from monsoon winds encounters mountainous terrain like the Himalayas, it is forced to rise. This upward movement causes adiabatic cooling (cooling due to expansion without heat exchange), leading to condensation and the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds. Statement 4 is incorrect. The NDMA released its specific Cloudburst Management Guidelines in 2010, not 2025. The reference to 2025 relates to recent events and advisories, not the establishment of the guidelines themselves. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. A cloudburst is a highly intense rainfall event (≥100 mm in under one hour) but it occurs over a localized area, which is specified as approximately 10 km², not over 100 km². The localized nature is a defining characteristic. Statement 2 is correct. The strong convection currents, with rapid vertical air motion, lead to the formation of deep vertical clouds (cumulonimbus) that store immense amounts of water. Statement 3 is correct. When moist air from monsoon winds encounters mountainous terrain like the Himalayas, it is forced to rise. This upward movement causes adiabatic cooling (cooling due to expansion without heat exchange), leading to condensation and the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds. Statement 4 is incorrect. The NDMA released its specific Cloudburst Management Guidelines in 2010, not 2025. The reference to 2025 relates to recent events and advisories, not the establishment of the guidelines themselves.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Cloudbursts:

• A cloudburst is characterized by rainfall of 100 mm or more in one hour over a large geographical area, typically exceeding 100 km².

• The formation of deep vertical cumulonimbus clouds is driven by strong convection currents.

• Adiabatic cooling of moist air masses is a key process in cloudburst formation, particularly in hilly regions.

• The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) released its first specific guidelines on Cloudburst Management in 2025.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. A cloudburst is a highly intense rainfall event (≥100 mm in under one hour) but it occurs over a localized area, which is specified as approximately 10 km², not over 100 km². The localized nature is a defining characteristic.

• Statement 2 is correct. The strong convection currents, with rapid vertical air motion, lead to the formation of deep vertical clouds (cumulonimbus) that store immense amounts of water.

• Statement 3 is correct. When moist air from monsoon winds encounters mountainous terrain like the Himalayas, it is forced to rise. This upward movement causes adiabatic cooling (cooling due to expansion without heat exchange), leading to condensation and the formation of towering cumulonimbus clouds.

Statement 4 is incorrect. The NDMA released its specific Cloudburst Management Guidelines in 2010, not 2025. The reference to 2025 relates to recent events and advisories, not the establishment of the guidelines themselves.

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is correct. The strong convection currents, with rapid vertical air motion, lead to the formation of deep vertical clouds (cumulonimbus) that store immense amounts of water.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding India’s human spaceflight programme: The Gaganyaan mission aims to place an Indian astronaut on the lunar surface by 2027. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s ISS mission was part of India’s indigenous space programme. Bharatiya Antariksh Station is India’s planned space station, expected to begin with the launch of its first module by 2028. How many of the statements given above are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gaganyaan mission is designed to send Indian astronauts into low Earth orbit, not to the Moon. The primary objective is to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by launching a three-member crew to an altitude of around 400 km for a mission lasting up to three days. Statement 2 is also incorrect. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla participated in the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS), which was a private commercial mission organized by Axiom Space (USA) in partnership with NASA and SpaceX. His journey was not part of India’s indigenous space programme, though it marks India’s growing human spaceflight experience. Statement 3 is correct. The Bharatiya Antariksh Station is ISRO’s planned independent space station, with the first module expected to launch around 2028, following the successful completion of Gaganyaan. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gaganyaan mission is designed to send Indian astronauts into low Earth orbit, not to the Moon. The primary objective is to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by launching a three-member crew to an altitude of around 400 km for a mission lasting up to three days. Statement 2 is also incorrect. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla participated in the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS), which was a private commercial mission organized by Axiom Space (USA) in partnership with NASA and SpaceX. His journey was not part of India’s indigenous space programme, though it marks India’s growing human spaceflight experience. Statement 3 is correct. The Bharatiya Antariksh Station is ISRO’s planned independent space station, with the first module expected to launch around 2028, following the successful completion of Gaganyaan.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s human spaceflight programme:

• The Gaganyaan mission aims to place an Indian astronaut on the lunar surface by 2027.

• Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla’s ISS mission was part of India’s indigenous space programme.

• Bharatiya Antariksh Station is India’s planned space station, expected to begin with the launch of its first module by 2028.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gaganyaan mission is designed to send Indian astronauts into low Earth orbit, not to the Moon. The primary objective is to demonstrate human spaceflight capability by launching a three-member crew to an altitude of around 400 km for a mission lasting up to three days.

• Statement 2 is also incorrect. Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla participated in the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space Station (ISS), which was a private commercial mission organized by Axiom Space (USA) in partnership with NASA and SpaceX. His journey was not part of India’s indigenous space programme, though it marks India’s growing human spaceflight experience.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Bharatiya Antariksh Station is ISRO’s planned independent space station, with the first module expected to launch around 2028, following the successful completion of Gaganyaan.

Solution: A

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following missions were launched by India as part of deep space exploration? Astrosat Mangalyaan NISAR Chandrayaan-3 Select the correct answer using the code below: a) 1, 2 and 3 only b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 4 only Correct Solution: D Among the options given, only Astrosat, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and Chandrayaan-3 qualify as Indian-launched deep space missions. Astrosat (launched in 2015) is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory, primarily for astronomical studies beyond Earth’s atmosphere. Mangalyaan, launched in 2013, was India’s first interplanetary mission, placing a spacecraft into Mars orbit — a significant feat in deep space exploration. Chandrayaan-3, launched in 2023, marked India’s successful soft landing near the Moon’s south pole, establishing the country’s capability in lunar exploration. NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is not yet launched and is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO. While it is a major Earth-observation satellite designed to study ecosystems, ice masses, and natural hazards, it does not qualify as a deep space mission because it will operate in low Earth orbit (LEO). Incorrect Solution: D Among the options given, only Astrosat, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and Chandrayaan-3 qualify as Indian-launched deep space missions. Astrosat (launched in 2015) is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory, primarily for astronomical studies beyond Earth’s atmosphere. Mangalyaan, launched in 2013, was India’s first interplanetary mission, placing a spacecraft into Mars orbit — a significant feat in deep space exploration. Chandrayaan-3, launched in 2023, marked India’s successful soft landing near the Moon’s south pole, establishing the country’s capability in lunar exploration. NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is not yet launched and is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO. While it is a major Earth-observation satellite designed to study ecosystems, ice masses, and natural hazards, it does not qualify as a deep space mission because it will operate in low Earth orbit (LEO).

#### 5. Question

Which of the following missions were launched by India as part of deep space exploration?

• Mangalyaan

• Chandrayaan-3

Select the correct answer using the code below:

• a) 1, 2 and 3 only

• b) 1, 2, 3 and 4

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2 and 4 only

Solution: D

• Among the options given, only Astrosat, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and Chandrayaan-3 qualify as Indian-launched deep space missions.

• Astrosat (launched in 2015) is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory, primarily for astronomical studies beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

• Mangalyaan, launched in 2013, was India’s first interplanetary mission, placing a spacecraft into Mars orbit — a significant feat in deep space exploration.

• Chandrayaan-3, launched in 2023, marked India’s successful soft landing near the Moon’s south pole, establishing the country’s capability in lunar exploration.

• NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is not yet launched and is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO. While it is a major Earth-observation satellite designed to study ecosystems, ice masses, and natural hazards, it does not qualify as a deep space mission because it will operate in low Earth orbit (LEO).

Solution: D

• Among the options given, only Astrosat, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and Chandrayaan-3 qualify as Indian-launched deep space missions.

• Astrosat (launched in 2015) is India’s first dedicated multi-wavelength space observatory, primarily for astronomical studies beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

• Mangalyaan, launched in 2013, was India’s first interplanetary mission, placing a spacecraft into Mars orbit — a significant feat in deep space exploration.

• Chandrayaan-3, launched in 2023, marked India’s successful soft landing near the Moon’s south pole, establishing the country’s capability in lunar exploration.

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