UPSC Editorials Quiz : 27 September 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Personality Rights in India: Personality rights are explicitly codified under a single, comprehensive statute in India. The right to privacy, as interpreted under Article 21 of the Constitution, forms the foundation for personality rights. The Copyright Act, 1957, provides protection to performers, which is a facet of personality rights. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. Personality rights in India are not codified under a single, comprehensive statute. Instead, they are protected through a combination of different laws and judicial precedents. The primary constitutional basis for these rights is the right to privacy and dignity under Article 21. Statement 2 is correct. The Supreme Court, in cases like * Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu*, has affirmed that the right to privacy, which is a fundamental right under Article 21, includes the right to control the commercial use of one’s identity. This forms the constitutional bedrock of personality rights. Statement 3 is correct. Sections 38A and 38B of the Copyright Act, 1957, grant performers’ rights, which protect against the unauthorized recording, broadcasting, or commercial exploitation of their performances. This is a statutory anchor for personality rights, safeguarding the economic interests of artists in their creative expressions. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. Personality rights in India are not codified under a single, comprehensive statute. Instead, they are protected through a combination of different laws and judicial precedents. The primary constitutional basis for these rights is the right to privacy and dignity under Article 21. Statement 2 is correct. The Supreme Court, in cases like * Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu*, has affirmed that the right to privacy, which is a fundamental right under Article 21, includes the right to control the commercial use of one’s identity. This forms the constitutional bedrock of personality rights. Statement 3 is correct. Sections 38A and 38B of the Copyright Act, 1957, grant performers’ rights, which protect against the unauthorized recording, broadcasting, or commercial exploitation of their performances. This is a statutory anchor for personality rights, safeguarding the economic interests of artists in their creative expressions.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Personality Rights in India:

• Personality rights are explicitly codified under a single, comprehensive statute in India.

• The right to privacy, as interpreted under Article 21 of the Constitution, forms the foundation for personality rights.

• The Copyright Act, 1957, provides protection to performers, which is a facet of personality rights.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Personality rights in India are not codified under a single, comprehensive statute. Instead, they are protected through a combination of different laws and judicial precedents. The primary constitutional basis for these rights is the right to privacy and dignity under Article 21.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Supreme Court, in cases like * Rajagopal v. State of Tamil Nadu*, has affirmed that the right to privacy, which is a fundamental right under Article 21, includes the right to control the commercial use of one’s identity. This forms the constitutional bedrock of personality rights.

• Statement 3 is correct. Sections 38A and 38B of the Copyright Act, 1957, grant performers’ rights, which protect against the unauthorized recording, broadcasting, or commercial exploitation of their performances. This is a statutory anchor for personality rights, safeguarding the economic interests of artists in their creative expressions.

Solution: B

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following infrastructure initiatives: Creation of a unified digital platform integrating the infrastructure schemes of various ministries for coordinated planning. Development of multi-modal logistics parks to improve freight movement efficiency. Focus on “last-mile connectivity” to reduce travel time and logistics costs. Use of geospatial technology for integrated planning and project monitoring. How many of the above are stated objectives or key features of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: D Unified Digital Platform: The centerpiece of PM Gati Shakti is a centralized digital platform that brings together 16 ministries (now expanded) for integrated planning. It aims to break down departmental silos and provide a holistic view of all existing and planned infrastructure projects to ensure better coordination. Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs): A key objective is to improve logistics efficiency. The development of MMLPs is a critical component of this strategy. These parks are designed as hubs to integrate different modes of transport (road, rail, waterways) and provide value-added services like warehousing and customs clearance, thereby streamlining the supply chain. Last-Mile Connectivity: The plan explicitly aims to enhance last-mile connectivity. By ensuring seamless movement of people and goods, it seeks to reduce travel time for the public and lower logistics costs for the industry. This involves planning infrastructure projects in a way that connects production and consumption centers more efficiently. Geospatial Technology: The Gati Shakti digital platform is built on a geospatial technology framework, using tools like GIS mapping. It integrates multiple layers of data (e.g., on existing infrastructure, forests, land records) to enable data-driven decision-making for project planning, alignment, and monitoring. This helps in avoiding delays caused by issues like land acquisition and environmental clearances. Incorrect Solution: D Unified Digital Platform: The centerpiece of PM Gati Shakti is a centralized digital platform that brings together 16 ministries (now expanded) for integrated planning. It aims to break down departmental silos and provide a holistic view of all existing and planned infrastructure projects to ensure better coordination. Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs): A key objective is to improve logistics efficiency. The development of MMLPs is a critical component of this strategy. These parks are designed as hubs to integrate different modes of transport (road, rail, waterways) and provide value-added services like warehousing and customs clearance, thereby streamlining the supply chain. Last-Mile Connectivity: The plan explicitly aims to enhance last-mile connectivity. By ensuring seamless movement of people and goods, it seeks to reduce travel time for the public and lower logistics costs for the industry. This involves planning infrastructure projects in a way that connects production and consumption centers more efficiently. Geospatial Technology: The Gati Shakti digital platform is built on a geospatial technology framework, using tools like GIS mapping. It integrates multiple layers of data (e.g., on existing infrastructure, forests, land records) to enable data-driven decision-making for project planning, alignment, and monitoring. This helps in avoiding delays caused by issues like land acquisition and environmental clearances.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following infrastructure initiatives:

• Creation of a unified digital platform integrating the infrastructure schemes of various ministries for coordinated planning.

• Development of multi-modal logistics parks to improve freight movement efficiency.

• Focus on “last-mile connectivity” to reduce travel time and logistics costs.

• Use of geospatial technology for integrated planning and project monitoring.

How many of the above are stated objectives or key features of the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: D

• Unified Digital Platform: The centerpiece of PM Gati Shakti is a centralized digital platform that brings together 16 ministries (now expanded) for integrated planning. It aims to break down departmental silos and provide a holistic view of all existing and planned infrastructure projects to ensure better coordination.

• Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs): A key objective is to improve logistics efficiency. The development of MMLPs is a critical component of this strategy. These parks are designed as hubs to integrate different modes of transport (road, rail, waterways) and provide value-added services like warehousing and customs clearance, thereby streamlining the supply chain.

• Last-Mile Connectivity: The plan explicitly aims to enhance last-mile connectivity. By ensuring seamless movement of people and goods, it seeks to reduce travel time for the public and lower logistics costs for the industry. This involves planning infrastructure projects in a way that connects production and consumption centers more efficiently.

• Geospatial Technology: The Gati Shakti digital platform is built on a geospatial technology framework, using tools like GIS mapping. It integrates multiple layers of data (e.g., on existing infrastructure, forests, land records) to enable data-driven decision-making for project planning, alignment, and monitoring. This helps in avoiding delays caused by issues like land acquisition and environmental clearances.

Solution: D

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): It is a Central Sector Scheme with the entire funding provided by the Union Government. The scheme aims to reduce post-harvest losses in the fisheries sector from 20-25% to about 10%. It provides for livelihood and nutritional support to fishers’ families during the fishing ban/lean period. The scheme’s objectives include increasing aquaculture productivity but not augmenting domestic fish consumption. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The PMMSY is not a pure Central Sector Scheme. It is an umbrella scheme with two components: a Central Sector Scheme (CS) component, which is 100% centrally funded, and a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) component, where the cost is shared between the Centre and the States/UTs. The majority of the activities under PMMSY fall under the CSS component. Statement 2 is correct. A major focus of the PMMSY is to modernize and strengthen the fisheries value chain. This includes developing modern infrastructure for post-harvest management, such as cold chains, ice plants, and processing units. A specific, quantifiable target of the scheme is to reduce post-harvest losses from the existing level of 20-25% to about 10%, thereby increasing the income of fishers and reducing waste. Statement 3 is correct. Ensuring the social and economic security of fishers is a core objective of PMMSY. The scheme has a specific component for providing livelihood and nutritional support to active traditional fishers’ families during the fishing ban or lean periods. This is implemented on a cost-sharing basis, where the beneficiary contributes a part, and the rest is shared by the Central and State governments, functioning as a saving-cum-relief mechanism. Statement 4 is incorrect. The scheme has ambitious targets for both production and consumption. One of its stated objectives is to enhance aquaculture productivity from the national average of 3 tons per hectare to 5 tons per hectare. Alongside this, it also explicitly aims to augment domestic fish consumption from the current level of about 5-6 kg per capita to 12 kg per capita, recognizing the nutritional benefits of fish as a protein source. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect. The PMMSY is not a pure Central Sector Scheme. It is an umbrella scheme with two components: a Central Sector Scheme (CS) component, which is 100% centrally funded, and a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) component, where the cost is shared between the Centre and the States/UTs. The majority of the activities under PMMSY fall under the CSS component. Statement 2 is correct. A major focus of the PMMSY is to modernize and strengthen the fisheries value chain. This includes developing modern infrastructure for post-harvest management, such as cold chains, ice plants, and processing units. A specific, quantifiable target of the scheme is to reduce post-harvest losses from the existing level of 20-25% to about 10%, thereby increasing the income of fishers and reducing waste. Statement 3 is correct. Ensuring the social and economic security of fishers is a core objective of PMMSY. The scheme has a specific component for providing livelihood and nutritional support to active traditional fishers’ families during the fishing ban or lean periods. This is implemented on a cost-sharing basis, where the beneficiary contributes a part, and the rest is shared by the Central and State governments, functioning as a saving-cum-relief mechanism. Statement 4 is incorrect. The scheme has ambitious targets for both production and consumption. One of its stated objectives is to enhance aquaculture productivity from the national average of 3 tons per hectare to 5 tons per hectare. Alongside this, it also explicitly aims to augment domestic fish consumption from the current level of about 5-6 kg per capita to 12 kg per capita, recognizing the nutritional benefits of fish as a protein source.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY):

• It is a Central Sector Scheme with the entire funding provided by the Union Government.

• The scheme aims to reduce post-harvest losses in the fisheries sector from 20-25% to about 10%.

• It provides for livelihood and nutritional support to fishers’ families during the fishing ban/lean period.

• The scheme’s objectives include increasing aquaculture productivity but not augmenting domestic fish consumption.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The PMMSY is not a pure Central Sector Scheme. It is an umbrella scheme with two components: a Central Sector Scheme (CS) component, which is 100% centrally funded, and a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) component, where the cost is shared between the Centre and the States/UTs. The majority of the activities under PMMSY fall under the CSS component.

• Statement 2 is correct. A major focus of the PMMSY is to modernize and strengthen the fisheries value chain. This includes developing modern infrastructure for post-harvest management, such as cold chains, ice plants, and processing units. A specific, quantifiable target of the scheme is to reduce post-harvest losses from the existing level of 20-25% to about 10%, thereby increasing the income of fishers and reducing waste.

• Statement 3 is correct. Ensuring the social and economic security of fishers is a core objective of PMMSY. The scheme has a specific component for providing livelihood and nutritional support to active traditional fishers’ families during the fishing ban or lean periods. This is implemented on a cost-sharing basis, where the beneficiary contributes a part, and the rest is shared by the Central and State governments, functioning as a saving-cum-relief mechanism.

• Statement 4 is incorrect. The scheme has ambitious targets for both production and consumption. One of its stated objectives is to enhance aquaculture productivity from the national average of 3 tons per hectare to 5 tons per hectare. Alongside this, it also explicitly aims to augment domestic fish consumption from the current level of about 5-6 kg per capita to 12 kg per capita, recognizing the nutritional benefits of fish as a protein source.

Solution: B

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model: Statement-I: In the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model of infrastructure development, the government bears the entire financial cost and operational risk of the project post-construction. Statement-II: The EPC model is preferred by the government for projects where it is not feasible to levy user charges or where the traffic risk is too high to attract private investment under a PPP framework. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model is essentially a works contract. The government funds the entire project. A private contractor is engaged to handle the design, procure the necessary materials, and construct the project for a fixed, lump-sum price, usually within a specified timeline. Upon completion, the contractor hands over the asset to the government. The government then assumes full responsibility for the operation, maintenance, and all associated risks, including traffic risk and commercial viability. The private player’s role ends with the construction phase. Statement-II is also correct. It provides the economic rationale for choosing the EPC model over a PPP model. PPP models like BOT-Toll are viable only when the private developer can recover their investment through user charges (tolls). This requires a predictable and high volume of traffic. The government often opts for the EPC model for projects in remote areas, strategic border roads, or certain rural roads where the traffic volume is too low or uncertain to be commercially viable for a private investor. In such cases, since levying user charges is not feasible or the risk is too high, the government decides to fund the project entirely from its own budget, making EPC the appropriate execution model. Statement-II directly explains why the government would choose a model like EPC where it bears all the risk and cost, as described in Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model is essentially a works contract. The government funds the entire project. A private contractor is engaged to handle the design, procure the necessary materials, and construct the project for a fixed, lump-sum price, usually within a specified timeline. Upon completion, the contractor hands over the asset to the government. The government then assumes full responsibility for the operation, maintenance, and all associated risks, including traffic risk and commercial viability. The private player’s role ends with the construction phase. Statement-II is also correct. It provides the economic rationale for choosing the EPC model over a PPP model. PPP models like BOT-Toll are viable only when the private developer can recover their investment through user charges (tolls). This requires a predictable and high volume of traffic. The government often opts for the EPC model for projects in remote areas, strategic border roads, or certain rural roads where the traffic volume is too low or uncertain to be commercially viable for a private investor. In such cases, since levying user charges is not feasible or the risk is too high, the government decides to fund the project entirely from its own budget, making EPC the appropriate execution model. Statement-II directly explains why the government would choose a model like EPC where it bears all the risk and cost, as described in Statement-I.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model:

Statement-I: In the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model of infrastructure development, the government bears the entire financial cost and operational risk of the project post-construction.

Statement-II: The EPC model is preferred by the government for projects where it is not feasible to levy user charges or where the traffic risk is too high to attract private investment under a PPP framework.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. The Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model is essentially a works contract. The government funds the entire project. A private contractor is engaged to handle the design, procure the necessary materials, and construct the project for a fixed, lump-sum price, usually within a specified timeline. Upon completion, the contractor hands over the asset to the government. The government then assumes full responsibility for the operation, maintenance, and all associated risks, including traffic risk and commercial viability. The private player’s role ends with the construction phase.

• Statement-II is also correct. It provides the economic rationale for choosing the EPC model over a PPP model. PPP models like BOT-Toll are viable only when the private developer can recover their investment through user charges (tolls). This requires a predictable and high volume of traffic. The government often opts for the EPC model for projects in remote areas, strategic border roads, or certain rural roads where the traffic volume is too low or uncertain to be commercially viable for a private investor. In such cases, since levying user charges is not feasible or the risk is too high, the government decides to fund the project entirely from its own budget, making EPC the appropriate execution model.

• Statement-II directly explains why the government would choose a model like EPC where it bears all the risk and cost, as described in Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Statement-II directly explains why the government would choose a model like EPC where it bears all the risk and cost, as described in Statement-I.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding wetlands in India: India has the highest number of Ramsar sites in Asia. The Montreux Record is a voluntary mechanism to list Ramsar sites where adverse ecological changes are occurring, and Loktak Lake is the only Indian site currently on this record. Chilika Lake was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. As of recent updates in 2024-2025, India has significantly increased its number of Ramsar sites. With 91 sites, India now has the highest number of designated wetlands of international importance in Asia, and the third highest globally, after the UK and Mexico. This reflects the country’s commitment to wetland conservation. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Montreux Record is a register of Ramsar sites where adverse ecological changes have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur. However, India currently has two sites on this record, not one. These are Loktak Lake in Manipur (added in 1993 due to problems of deforestation, pollution, and hydro-electric project impacts) and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan (added in 1990 due to water shortage and an unbalanced grazing regime). Chilika Lake was on the record but was removed in 2002 following successful restoration efforts. Statement 3 is correct. In 1981, India designated its first two wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. These were Chilika Lake in Odisha, a large brackish water lagoon, and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, a famous man-made wetland and bird sanctuary. Both were designated simultaneously, making them the oldest Ramsar sites in the country. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. As of recent updates in 2024-2025, India has significantly increased its number of Ramsar sites. With 91 sites, India now has the highest number of designated wetlands of international importance in Asia, and the third highest globally, after the UK and Mexico. This reflects the country’s commitment to wetland conservation. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Montreux Record is a register of Ramsar sites where adverse ecological changes have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur. However, India currently has two sites on this record, not one. These are Loktak Lake in Manipur (added in 1993 due to problems of deforestation, pollution, and hydro-electric project impacts) and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan (added in 1990 due to water shortage and an unbalanced grazing regime). Chilika Lake was on the record but was removed in 2002 following successful restoration efforts. Statement 3 is correct. In 1981, India designated its first two wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. These were Chilika Lake in Odisha, a large brackish water lagoon, and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, a famous man-made wetland and bird sanctuary. Both were designated simultaneously, making them the oldest Ramsar sites in the country.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding wetlands in India:

• India has the highest number of Ramsar sites in Asia.

• The Montreux Record is a voluntary mechanism to list Ramsar sites where adverse ecological changes are occurring, and Loktak Lake is the only Indian site currently on this record.

• Chilika Lake was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. As of recent updates in 2024-2025, India has significantly increased its number of Ramsar sites. With 91 sites, India now has the highest number of designated wetlands of international importance in Asia, and the third highest globally, after the UK and Mexico. This reflects the country’s commitment to wetland conservation.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The Montreux Record is a register of Ramsar sites where adverse ecological changes have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur. However, India currently has two sites on this record, not one. These are Loktak Lake in Manipur (added in 1993 due to problems of deforestation, pollution, and hydro-electric project impacts) and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan (added in 1990 due to water shortage and an unbalanced grazing regime). Chilika Lake was on the record but was removed in 2002 following successful restoration efforts.

• Statement 3 is correct. In 1981, India designated its first two wetlands under the Ramsar Convention. These were Chilika Lake in Odisha, a large brackish water lagoon, and Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, a famous man-made wetland and bird sanctuary. Both were designated simultaneously, making them the oldest Ramsar sites in the country.

Solution: B

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