UPSC Editorials Quiz : 27 January 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the evolution of BRICS: The bloc was initially conceptualized as IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) before expanding. The Fortaleza Declaration led to the formal inclusion of Iran as a member. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) BRICS, a significant international grouping, originally began as BRIC in 2009, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa joined in 2010, forming the current BRICS framework. Statement 1 is incorrect because IBSA, a distinct platform involving India, Brazil, and South Africa, was conceptualized in 2003 as a trilateral grouping focused on South-South cooperation. It has no direct link to the formation of BRICS. Statement 2 is also incorrect because the Fortaleza Declaration of 2014 primarily focused on the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to strengthen financial cooperation. Incorrect Solution: d) BRICS, a significant international grouping, originally began as BRIC in 2009, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa joined in 2010, forming the current BRICS framework. Statement 1 is incorrect because IBSA, a distinct platform involving India, Brazil, and South Africa, was conceptualized in 2003 as a trilateral grouping focused on South-South cooperation. It has no direct link to the formation of BRICS. Statement 2 is also incorrect because the Fortaleza Declaration of 2014 primarily focused on the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to strengthen financial cooperation.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the evolution of BRICS:

• The bloc was initially conceptualized as IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) before expanding.

• The Fortaleza Declaration led to the formal inclusion of Iran as a member.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

BRICS, a significant international grouping, originally began as BRIC in 2009, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa joined in 2010, forming the current BRICS framework.

Statement 1 is incorrect because IBSA, a distinct platform involving India, Brazil, and South Africa, was conceptualized in 2003 as a trilateral grouping focused on South-South cooperation. It has no direct link to the formation of BRICS.

Statement 2 is also incorrect because the Fortaleza Declaration of 2014 primarily focused on the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) to strengthen financial cooperation.

Solution: d)

BRICS, a significant international grouping, originally began as BRIC in 2009, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa joined in 2010, forming the current BRICS framework.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. Statement-I: The Democratic Republic of Congo is among the top five largest countries in the world by area. Statement-II: The DRC’s economy heavily depends on mineral exports, including cobalt and copper. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect. d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct. Correct Solution: d) Statement-I is incorrect: The DRC is the 11th largest country in the world by area, not in the top five. Statement-II is correct: The DRC’s economy is heavily reliant on mineral exports, particularly cobalt and copper, which are crucial for global industries, including electronics and renewable energy technologies. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement-I is incorrect: The DRC is the 11th largest country in the world by area, not in the top five. Statement-II is correct: The DRC’s economy is heavily reliant on mineral exports, particularly cobalt and copper, which are crucial for global industries, including electronics and renewable energy technologies.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: The Democratic Republic of Congo is among the top five largest countries in the world by area. Statement-II: The DRC’s economy heavily depends on mineral exports, including cobalt and copper.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

• d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.

Solution: d)

Statement-I is incorrect: The DRC is the 11th largest country in the world by area, not in the top five.

Statement-II is correct: The DRC’s economy is heavily reliant on mineral exports, particularly cobalt and copper, which are crucial for global industries, including electronics and renewable energy technologies.

Solution: d)

Statement-I is incorrect: The DRC is the 11th largest country in the world by area, not in the top five.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Ad hoc Judges in High Courts: Their appointment requires approval from the Supreme Court Collegium. They can serve in any High Court in India, irrespective of the state of their retirement. They are entitled to pensions during their tenure as Ad hoc Judges. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: The appointment of Ad hoc Judges does not involve the Supreme Court Collegium. It is made based on the Chief Justice of the High Court’s recommendation and Presidential approval. Statement 2 is correct: Ad hoc Judges can be appointed to any High Court, regardless of the state where they retired. Statement 3 is incorrect: During their tenure as Ad hoc Judges, they receive allowances but not pensions for the duration of their service. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: The appointment of Ad hoc Judges does not involve the Supreme Court Collegium. It is made based on the Chief Justice of the High Court’s recommendation and Presidential approval. Statement 2 is correct: Ad hoc Judges can be appointed to any High Court, regardless of the state where they retired. Statement 3 is incorrect: During their tenure as Ad hoc Judges, they receive allowances but not pensions for the duration of their service.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Ad hoc Judges in High Courts:

• Their appointment requires approval from the Supreme Court Collegium.

• They can serve in any High Court in India, irrespective of the state of their retirement.

• They are entitled to pensions during their tenure as Ad hoc Judges.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect: The appointment of Ad hoc Judges does not involve the Supreme Court Collegium. It is made based on the Chief Justice of the High Court’s recommendation and Presidential approval.

Statement 2 is correct: Ad hoc Judges can be appointed to any High Court, regardless of the state where they retired.

Statement 3 is incorrect: During their tenure as Ad hoc Judges, they receive allowances but not pensions for the duration of their service.

Solution: a)

Statement 2 is correct: Ad hoc Judges can be appointed to any High Court, regardless of the state where they retired.

Statement 3 is incorrect: During their tenure as Ad hoc Judges, they receive allowances but not pensions for the duration of their service.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about the socio-economic impact of the Iron Age in India: The introduction of iron tools led to deforestation and the expansion of agriculture. Iron metallurgy was restricted to the elite and religious classes. The Iron Age is linked to the emergence of fortified cities and coin-based economies. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Iron tools facilitated deforestation, clearing forests for agriculture and settlements. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iron tools and weapons were not restricted to elites; they were widely used by farmers, artisans, and warriors. Statement 3 is correct: The Iron Age saw the emergence of fortified cities (e.g., Kausambi, Hastinapur) and early forms of currency like punch-marked coins. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Iron tools facilitated deforestation, clearing forests for agriculture and settlements. Statement 2 is incorrect: Iron tools and weapons were not restricted to elites; they were widely used by farmers, artisans, and warriors. Statement 3 is correct: The Iron Age saw the emergence of fortified cities (e.g., Kausambi, Hastinapur) and early forms of currency like punch-marked coins.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the socio-economic impact of the Iron Age in India:

• The introduction of iron tools led to deforestation and the expansion of agriculture.

• Iron metallurgy was restricted to the elite and religious classes.

• The Iron Age is linked to the emergence of fortified cities and coin-based economies.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: Iron tools facilitated deforestation, clearing forests for agriculture and settlements.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Iron tools and weapons were not restricted to elites; they were widely used by farmers, artisans, and warriors.

Statement 3 is correct: The Iron Age saw the emergence of fortified cities (e.g., Kausambi, Hastinapur) and early forms of currency like punch-marked coins.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: Iron tools facilitated deforestation, clearing forests for agriculture and settlements.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Iron tools and weapons were not restricted to elites; they were widely used by farmers, artisans, and warriors.

Statement 3 is correct: The Iron Age saw the emergence of fortified cities (e.g., Kausambi, Hastinapur) and early forms of currency like punch-marked coins.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): The ascending paralysis seen in GBS starts in the upper body and moves downward. The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it is often triggered by an infection. GBS is a progressive degenerative condition similar to multiple sclerosis. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. Statement 1 is The hallmark feature of GBS is ascending paralysis, which starts in the lower extremities, such as the feet and legs, and gradually progresses upward to the upper body, arms, and sometimes the face and respiratory muscles. This feature distinguishes GBS from other neurological disorders with descending paralysis (e.g., botulism). Statement 2 is The exact cause of GBS remains unknown. However, it is often preceded by infections like Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus, or other viral and bacterial infections. These infections are thought to trigger the autoimmune response that damages the myelin sheath around nerves. Statement 3 is Unlike multiple sclerosis, which is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, GBS is an acute autoimmune condition. Recovery is possible with treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Incorrect Solution: a) Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system. Statement 1 is The hallmark feature of GBS is ascending paralysis, which starts in the lower extremities, such as the feet and legs, and gradually progresses upward to the upper body, arms, and sometimes the face and respiratory muscles. This feature distinguishes GBS from other neurological disorders with descending paralysis (e.g., botulism). Statement 2 is The exact cause of GBS remains unknown. However, it is often preceded by infections like Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus, or other viral and bacterial infections. These infections are thought to trigger the autoimmune response that damages the myelin sheath around nerves. Statement 3 is Unlike multiple sclerosis, which is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, GBS is an acute autoimmune condition. Recovery is possible with treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS):

• The ascending paralysis seen in GBS starts in the upper body and moves downward.

• The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it is often triggered by an infection.

• GBS is a progressive degenerative condition similar to multiple sclerosis.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system.

• Statement 1 is The hallmark feature of GBS is ascending paralysis, which starts in the lower extremities, such as the feet and legs, and gradually progresses upward to the upper body, arms, and sometimes the face and respiratory muscles. This feature distinguishes GBS from other neurological disorders with descending paralysis (e.g., botulism).

• Statement 2 is The exact cause of GBS remains unknown. However, it is often preceded by infections like Campylobacter jejuni, Epstein-Barr virus, or other viral and bacterial infections. These infections are thought to trigger the autoimmune response that damages the myelin sheath around nerves.

• Statement 3 is Unlike multiple sclerosis, which is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, GBS is an acute autoimmune condition. Recovery is possible with treatment, including plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Solution: a)

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nervous system.

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