UPSC Editorials Quiz : 23 January 2026

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following global and Indian legal frameworks provide protection to Olive Ridley turtles? Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 3, and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct: Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, granting them the highest level of protection in India. Statement 2 is correct: They are included in Appendix I of CITES, meaning international trade in Olive Ridley turtles and their products is prohibited. Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS obligates countries to conserve and manage marine species, indirectly protecting sea turtles. Statement 4 is incorrect: Ramsar Convention deals with wetlands, not marine turtle conservation. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct: Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, granting them the highest level of protection in India. Statement 2 is correct: They are included in Appendix I of CITES, meaning international trade in Olive Ridley turtles and their products is prohibited. Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS obligates countries to conserve and manage marine species, indirectly protecting sea turtles. Statement 4 is incorrect: Ramsar Convention deals with wetlands, not marine turtle conservation.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following global and Indian legal frameworks provide protection to Olive Ridley turtles?

• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

• Ramsar Convention on Wetlands

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 3, and 4 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: C

Statement 1 is correct: Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, granting them the highest level of protection in India.

Statement 2 is correct: They are included in Appendix I of CITES, meaning international trade in Olive Ridley turtles and their products is prohibited.

Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS obligates countries to conserve and manage marine species, indirectly protecting sea turtles.

Statement 4 is incorrect: Ramsar Convention deals with wetlands, not marine turtle conservation.

Solution: C

Statement 1 is correct: Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, granting them the highest level of protection in India.

Statement 2 is correct: They are included in Appendix I of CITES, meaning international trade in Olive Ridley turtles and their products is prohibited.

Statement 3 is correct: UNCLOS obligates countries to conserve and manage marine species, indirectly protecting sea turtles.

Statement 4 is incorrect: Ramsar Convention deals with wetlands, not marine turtle conservation.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC): The PAC was first introduced in India under the Government of India Act, 1935. The Chairman of the PAC is always from the ruling party in the Lok Sabha. PAC examines the Appropriation Accounts and Finance Accounts of the government along with CAG Reports. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: The PAC was introduced in 1921, after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919), not in 1935. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chairman of the PAC is from the Opposition, not the ruling party, by parliamentary convention since 1967. Statement 3 is correct: The PAC examines Appropriation Accounts, Finance Accounts, and CAG Reports, ensuring public expenditure accountability. About Public Accounts Committee (PAC): Establishment: Introduced in 1921after the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montford Reforms). Constituted annually under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha. Composition and Membership: Comprises 22 members: 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker. 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman. Tenure: One year. Ministers are not eligibleto be members. Appointment of Chairman: Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker. By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party. Functions and Responsibilities: Examines government expendituresto ensure funds allocated by Parliament are used within the approved scope of demand. Scrutinizes: Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government. CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies. Evaluates cases of overspending, misallocation, and financial irregularities. Holds the executive accountablefor financial discipline. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: The PAC was introduced in 1921, after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919), not in 1935. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chairman of the PAC is from the Opposition, not the ruling party, by parliamentary convention since 1967. Statement 3 is correct: The PAC examines Appropriation Accounts, Finance Accounts, and CAG Reports, ensuring public expenditure accountability. About Public Accounts Committee (PAC): Establishment: Introduced in 1921after the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montford Reforms). Constituted annually under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha. Composition and Membership: Comprises 22 members: 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker. 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman. Tenure: One year. Ministers are not eligibleto be members. Appointment of Chairman: Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker. By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party. Functions and Responsibilities: Examines government expendituresto ensure funds allocated by Parliament are used within the approved scope of demand. Scrutinizes: Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government. CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies. Evaluates cases of overspending, misallocation, and financial irregularities. Holds the executive accountablefor financial discipline.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC):

• The PAC was first introduced in India under the Government of India Act, 1935.

• The Chairman of the PAC is always from the ruling party in the Lok Sabha.

• PAC examines the Appropriation Accounts and Finance Accounts of the government along with CAG Reports.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 1 is incorrect: The PAC was introduced in 1921, after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919), not in 1935.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chairman of the PAC is from the Opposition, not the ruling party, by parliamentary convention since 1967.

Statement 3 is correct: The PAC examines Appropriation Accounts, Finance Accounts, and CAG Reports, ensuring public expenditure accountability.

About Public Accounts Committee (PAC):

• Establishment: Introduced in 1921after the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montford Reforms). Constituted annually under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.

• Introduced in 1921after the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montford Reforms).

• Constituted annually under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.

• Composition and Membership: Comprises 22 members: 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker. 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman. Tenure: One year. Ministers are not eligibleto be members.

• Comprises 22 members: 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker. 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman.

• 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker.

• 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman.

• Tenure: One year.

• Ministers are not eligibleto be members.

• Appointment of Chairman: Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker. By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party.

• Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker.

• By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party.

• Functions and Responsibilities: Examines government expendituresto ensure funds allocated by Parliament are used within the approved scope of demand. Scrutinizes: Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government. CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies. Evaluates cases of overspending, misallocation, and financial irregularities. Holds the executive accountablefor financial discipline.

• Examines government expendituresto ensure funds allocated by Parliament are used within the approved scope of demand.

• Scrutinizes: Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government. CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies.

• Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government.

• CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies.

• Evaluates cases of overspending, misallocation, and financial irregularities.

• Holds the executive accountablefor financial discipline.

Solution: B

Statement 1 is incorrect: The PAC was introduced in 1921, after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act, 1919), not in 1935.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The Chairman of the PAC is from the Opposition, not the ruling party, by parliamentary convention since 1967.

Statement 3 is correct: The PAC examines Appropriation Accounts, Finance Accounts, and CAG Reports, ensuring public expenditure accountability.

About Public Accounts Committee (PAC):

• Introduced in 1921after the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montford Reforms).

• Constituted annually under Rule 308 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha.

• Comprises 22 members: 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker. 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman.

• 15 members elected from Lok Sabhaby the Speaker.

• 7 members elected from Rajya Sabhaby the Chairman.

• Tenure: One year.

• Ministers are not eligibleto be members.

• Appointment of Chairman: Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker. By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party.

• Appointed by the Lok Sabha Speaker.

• By convention, the chairman belongs to the opposition party.

• Examines government expendituresto ensure funds allocated by Parliament are used within the approved scope of demand.

• Scrutinizes: Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government. CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies.

• Appropriation accounts and finance accountsof the government.

• CAG Reportson revenue, expenditure, and autonomous bodies.

• Evaluates cases of overspending, misallocation, and financial irregularities.

• Holds the executive accountablefor financial discipline.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question What is the primary mechanism of action for an mRNA-based cancer vaccine? (a) It activates dormant cancer-fighting bacteria in the gut microbiome (b) It modifies the patient’s DNA to resist cancer cell growth (c) It injects synthetic antibodies that target cancerous cells (d) It delivers mRNA to cells, instructing them to produce tumor-specific antigens Correct Solution: D mRNA-based cancer vaccines work by delivering mRNA molecules into cells, instructing them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response against tumors. Option (a) is incorrect: No mRNA vaccine targets gut bacteria for cancer treatment. Option (b) is incorrect: mRNA vaccines do not modify DNA; they work at the transcription level. Option (c) is incorrect: These vaccines do not inject antibodies; they stimulate the body’s immune system to generate its own response. What is an mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine? An mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine provides genetic instructions to the body’s cells, enabling them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response. Unlike traditional vaccines, these are not preventive but are used to treat existing cancer patients by targeting tumor-specific antigens. How Does it Work? Trains the Immune System: The vaccine delivers genetic instructions to produce proteins resembling tumor antigens, prompting the immune system to attack cancer cells. Personalized Treatment: Designed to target specific cancer markers in individual patients, improving precision and effectiveness. Lower Side Effects: Unlike chemotherapy, it kills only cancer cells, reducing damage to healthy tissues. Potential Multi-Antigen Targeting: Unlike the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which targets one antigen, cancer mRNA vaccines can target multiple tumor markers. Other mRNA Vaccines for Cancer: UK’s Cancer Vaccine Launch Pad (2023): Aims to accelerate clinical trials for personalized cancer immunotherapy. CureVac’s CVGBM Vaccine (USA, 2023): Shows promising immune response in glioblastoma (brain cancer) patients. Significance of mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine: Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment: Represents a new era of immunotherapy, offering a targeted and personalized approach to cancer treatment. Precision Medicine Advancement: Unlike conventional chemotherapy, mRNA vaccines are tailored to individual patients, enhancing effectiveness and reducing side effects. Potential for Multi-Cancer Application: Can be adapted to various cancer types by targeting multiple tumor antigens, making it a versatile treatment option. Improved Immune Response: Boosts the body’s natural defense mechanism, helping it recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. Incorrect Solution: D mRNA-based cancer vaccines work by delivering mRNA molecules into cells, instructing them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response against tumors. Option (a) is incorrect: No mRNA vaccine targets gut bacteria for cancer treatment. Option (b) is incorrect: mRNA vaccines do not modify DNA; they work at the transcription level. Option (c) is incorrect: These vaccines do not inject antibodies; they stimulate the body’s immune system to generate its own response. What is an mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine? An mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine provides genetic instructions to the body’s cells, enabling them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response. Unlike traditional vaccines, these are not preventive but are used to treat existing cancer patients by targeting tumor-specific antigens. How Does it Work? Trains the Immune System: The vaccine delivers genetic instructions to produce proteins resembling tumor antigens, prompting the immune system to attack cancer cells. Personalized Treatment: Designed to target specific cancer markers in individual patients, improving precision and effectiveness. Lower Side Effects: Unlike chemotherapy, it kills only cancer cells, reducing damage to healthy tissues. Potential Multi-Antigen Targeting: Unlike the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which targets one antigen, cancer mRNA vaccines can target multiple tumor markers. Other mRNA Vaccines for Cancer: UK’s Cancer Vaccine Launch Pad (2023): Aims to accelerate clinical trials for personalized cancer immunotherapy. CureVac’s CVGBM Vaccine (USA, 2023): Shows promising immune response in glioblastoma (brain cancer) patients. Significance of mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine: Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment: Represents a new era of immunotherapy, offering a targeted and personalized approach to cancer treatment. Precision Medicine Advancement: Unlike conventional chemotherapy, mRNA vaccines are tailored to individual patients, enhancing effectiveness and reducing side effects. Potential for Multi-Cancer Application: Can be adapted to various cancer types by targeting multiple tumor antigens, making it a versatile treatment option. Improved Immune Response: Boosts the body’s natural defense mechanism, helping it recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively.

#### 3. Question

What is the primary mechanism of action for an mRNA-based cancer vaccine?

• (a) It activates dormant cancer-fighting bacteria in the gut microbiome

• (b) It modifies the patient’s DNA to resist cancer cell growth

• (c) It injects synthetic antibodies that target cancerous cells

• (d) It delivers mRNA to cells, instructing them to produce tumor-specific antigens

Solution: D

mRNA-based cancer vaccines work by delivering mRNA molecules into cells, instructing them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response against tumors.

Option (a) is incorrect: No mRNA vaccine targets gut bacteria for cancer treatment.

Option (b) is incorrect: mRNA vaccines do not modify DNA; they work at the transcription level.

Option (c) is incorrect: These vaccines do not inject antibodies; they stimulate the body’s immune system to generate its own response.

• What is an mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine?

• An mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine provides genetic instructions to the body’s cells, enabling them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response. Unlike traditional vaccines, these are not preventive but are used to treat existing cancer patients by targeting tumor-specific antigens.

• An mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccine provides genetic instructions to the body’s cells, enabling them to produce antigens that trigger an immune response.

• Unlike traditional vaccines, these are not preventive but are used to treat existing cancer patients by targeting tumor-specific antigens.

• How Does it Work? Trains the Immune System: The vaccine delivers genetic instructions to produce proteins resembling tumor antigens, prompting the immune system to attack cancer cells. Personalized Treatment: Designed to target specific cancer markers in individual patients, improving precision and effectiveness. Lower Side Effects: Unlike chemotherapy, it kills only cancer cells, reducing damage to healthy tissues. Potential Multi-Antigen Targeting: Unlike the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which targets one antigen, cancer mRNA vaccines can target multiple tumor markers.

• Trains the Immune System: The vaccine delivers genetic instructions to produce proteins resembling tumor antigens, prompting the immune system to attack cancer cells.

• Personalized Treatment: Designed to target specific cancer markers in individual patients, improving precision and effectiveness.

• Lower Side Effects: Unlike chemotherapy, it kills only cancer cells, reducing damage to healthy tissues.

• Potential Multi-Antigen Targeting: Unlike the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which targets one antigen, cancer mRNA vaccines can target multiple tumor markers.

• Other mRNA Vaccines for Cancer: UK’s Cancer Vaccine Launch Pad (2023): Aims to accelerate clinical trials for personalized cancer immunotherapy. CureVac’s CVGBM Vaccine (USA, 2023): Shows promising immune response in glioblastoma (brain cancer) patients.

• UK’s Cancer Vaccine Launch Pad (2023): Aims to accelerate clinical trials for personalized cancer immunotherapy.

• CureVac’s CVGBM Vaccine (USA, 2023): Shows promising immune response in glioblastoma (brain cancer) patients.

Significance of mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccine:

• Breakthrough in Cancer Treatment: Represents a new era of immunotherapy, offering a targeted and personalized approach to cancer treatment.

• Precision Medicine Advancement: Unlike conventional chemotherapy, mRNA vaccines are tailored to individual patients, enhancing effectiveness and reducing side effects.

• Potential for Multi-Cancer Application: Can be adapted to various cancer types by targeting multiple tumor antigens, making it a versatile treatment option.

• Improved Immune Response: Boosts the body’s natural defense mechanism, helping it recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively.