UPSC Editorials Quiz : 22 June 2024

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was initiated by WHO to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines It was introduced as the eradication of smallpox viruswas on the horizon. COVID-19 vaccine for children is one of the vaccines recommended under EPI programme. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI): EPI was launched in 1974 to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines EPI was introduced as the eradication of smallpox virus was on the horizon. There are now 13 vaccines (antigens) recommended by WHO for the EPI programme: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) Hepatitis B (HepB) polio measles rubella pneumococcal disease (PNC) rotavirus (Rota) human papillomavirus (HPV) COVID-19 (for adults). India launched the EPI in 1978, which was later renamed as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI): EPI was launched in 1974 to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines EPI was introduced as the eradication of smallpox virus was on the horizon. There are now 13 vaccines (antigens) recommended by WHO for the EPI programme: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) Hepatitis B (HepB) polio measles rubella pneumococcal disease (PNC) rotavirus (Rota) human papillomavirus (HPV) COVID-19 (for adults). India launched the EPI in 1978, which was later renamed as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI).

• Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was initiated by WHO to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines

• It was introduced as the eradication of smallpox viruswas on the horizon.

• COVID-19 vaccine for children is one of the vaccines recommended under EPI programme.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI):

• EPI was launched in 1974 to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines

• EPI was introduced as the eradication of smallpox virus was on the horizon.

• There are now 13 vaccines (antigens) recommended by WHO for the EPI programme: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) Hepatitis B (HepB) polio measles rubella pneumococcal disease (PNC) rotavirus (Rota) human papillomavirus (HPV) COVID-19 (for adults).

• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

• diphtheria

• Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

• Hepatitis B (HepB)

• pneumococcal disease (PNC)

• rotavirus (Rota)

• human papillomavirus (HPV)

• COVID-19 (for adults).

India launched the EPI in 1978, which was later renamed as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI):

• EPI was launched in 1974 to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines

• EPI was introduced as the eradication of smallpox virus was on the horizon.

• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

• diphtheria

• Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

• Hepatitis B (HepB)

• pneumococcal disease (PNC)

• rotavirus (Rota)

• human papillomavirus (HPV)

• COVID-19 (for adults).

India launched the EPI in 1978, which was later renamed as the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The State of the World’s Children report, 2023 was released by a) Global Fund for Children b) United Nations Fund for Population Activities c) UNESCO d) UNICEF Correct Solution: d) The State of the World’s Children is an annual report published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It is the flagship publication of the organization. Source Incorrect Solution: d) The State of the World’s Children is an annual report published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It is the flagship publication of the organization. Source

#### 2. Question

The State of the World’s Children report, 2023 was released by

• a) Global Fund for Children

• b) United Nations Fund for Population Activities

Solution: d)

The State of the World’s Children is an annual report published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It is the flagship publication of the organization.

Solution: d)

The State of the World’s Children is an annual report published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). It is the flagship publication of the organization.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements. Great Nicobar is the northernmost and largest of the Nicobar Island. Sumatra is the largest island of the Indonesian archipelago. Great Nicobar does not have any national parks or biosphere reserve. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands, a sparsely inhabited 910-sq-km patch of mainly tropical rainforest in southeastern Bay of Bengal. Indira Point on the island, India’s southernmost point, is only 90 nautical miles (less than 170 km) from Sabang at the northern tip of Sumatra, the largest island of the Indonesian archipelago. Great Nicobar has two national parks, a biosphere reserve, small populations of the Shompen and Nicobarese tribal peoples, and a few thousand non-tribal settlers. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a cluster of 836 islands, split into two groups — the Andaman Islands to the north and the Nicobar Islands to the south — by the 150-km wide Ten Degree Channel. Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands, a sparsely inhabited 910-sq-km patch of mainly tropical rainforest in southeastern Bay of Bengal. Indira Point on the island, India’s southernmost point, is only 90 nautical miles (less than 170 km) from Sabang at the northern tip of Sumatra, the largest island of the Indonesian archipelago. Great Nicobar has two national parks, a biosphere reserve, small populations of the Shompen and Nicobarese tribal peoples, and a few thousand non-tribal settlers. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a cluster of 836 islands, split into two groups — the Andaman Islands to the north and the Nicobar Islands to the south — by the 150-km wide Ten Degree Channel. Source

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Great Nicobar is the northernmost and largest of the Nicobar Island.

• Sumatra is the largest island of the Indonesian archipelago.

• Great Nicobar does not have any national parks or biosphere reserve.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands, a sparsely inhabited 910-sq-km patch of mainly tropical rainforest in southeastern Bay of Bengal. Indira Point on the island, India’s southernmost point, is only 90 nautical miles (less than 170 km) from Sabang at the northern tip of Sumatra, the largest island of the Indonesian archipelago.

Great Nicobar has two national parks, a biosphere reserve, small populations of the Shompen and Nicobarese tribal peoples, and a few thousand non-tribal settlers.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a cluster of 836 islands, split into two groups — the Andaman Islands to the north and the Nicobar Islands to the south — by the 150-km wide Ten Degree Channel.

Source

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Great Nicobar has two national parks, a biosphere reserve, small populations of the Shompen and Nicobarese tribal peoples, and a few thousand non-tribal settlers.

Source

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following pairs. Place Location Port Klang Myanmar Galathea Bay Great Nicobar Island Coco Islands Malayasia How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only option 2 is correct. The project for the “holistic development” of Great Nicobar Island was implemented after a report by NITI Aayog. A pre-feasibility report flagged the opportunity to leverage the strategic location of the island, which is roughly equidistant from Colombo in Sri Lanka to the southwest and Port Klang (Malaysia) and Singapore to the southeast. It is close to the Malacca Strait, the main waterway that connects the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. China’s attempts to expand its footprint in the region includes building a military facility at Coco Islands (Myanmar) lying just 55 km to the north of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Galathea Bay on the southeastern corner of Great Nicobar Island, where there is no human habitation. Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only option 2 is correct. The project for the “holistic development” of Great Nicobar Island was implemented after a report by NITI Aayog. A pre-feasibility report flagged the opportunity to leverage the strategic location of the island, which is roughly equidistant from Colombo in Sri Lanka to the southwest and Port Klang (Malaysia) and Singapore to the southeast. It is close to the Malacca Strait, the main waterway that connects the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. China’s attempts to expand its footprint in the region includes building a military facility at Coco Islands (Myanmar) lying just 55 km to the north of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Galathea Bay on the southeastern corner of Great Nicobar Island, where there is no human habitation. Source

#### 4. Question

Consider the following pairs.

Place Location

• Port Klang Myanmar

• Galathea Bay Great Nicobar Island

• Coco Islands Malayasia

How many of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only option 2 is correct.

The project for the “holistic development” of Great Nicobar Island was implemented after a report by NITI Aayog. A pre-feasibility report flagged the opportunity to leverage the strategic location of the island, which is roughly equidistant from Colombo in Sri Lanka to the southwest and Port Klang (Malaysia) and Singapore to the southeast.

It is close to the Malacca Strait, the main waterway that connects the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.

China’s attempts to expand its footprint in the region includes building a military facility at Coco Islands (Myanmar) lying just 55 km to the north of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Galathea Bay on the southeastern corner of Great Nicobar Island, where there is no human habitation.

Solution: a)

Only option 2 is correct.

It is close to the Malacca Strait, the main waterway that connects the Indian Ocean to the Pacific.

China’s attempts to expand its footprint in the region includes building a military facility at Coco Islands (Myanmar) lying just 55 km to the north of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Galathea Bay on the southeastern corner of Great Nicobar Island, where there is no human habitation.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements. Climatologically, the monsoon arrives over the Andaman Sea in the third week of May and advances into the mainland through Kerala. An early or timely onset of the monsoon guarantee good rainfall throughout the season. La Niña conditions are known to positively influence the Indian monsoon. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. The June-September southwest monsoon brings more than 70% of India’s annual rainfall. Climatologically, the monsoon arrives over the Andaman Sea in the third week of May and advances into the mainland through Kerala, June 1 being the normal date of onset. An early or timely onset of the monsoon does not guarantee good rainfall or its distribution over the country throughout the four-month season. And a delayed onset does not necessarily mean below-average rainfall for the entire season. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast ‘above normal’ rainfall this season. Quantitatively, it is expected to be 106% of the Long Period Average of 880 mm (1971-2020 data). The ‘above normal’ rainfall is being attributed mainly to the soon-to-emerge La Niña conditions, which are known to positively influence the Indian monsoon, and a positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. The June-September southwest monsoon brings more than 70% of India’s annual rainfall. Climatologically, the monsoon arrives over the Andaman Sea in the third week of May and advances into the mainland through Kerala, June 1 being the normal date of onset. An early or timely onset of the monsoon does not guarantee good rainfall or its distribution over the country throughout the four-month season. And a delayed onset does not necessarily mean below-average rainfall for the entire season. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast ‘above normal’ rainfall this season. Quantitatively, it is expected to be 106% of the Long Period Average of 880 mm (1971-2020 data). The ‘above normal’ rainfall is being attributed mainly to the soon-to-emerge La Niña conditions, which are known to positively influence the Indian monsoon, and a positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Source

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Climatologically, the monsoon arrives over the Andaman Sea in the third week of May and advances into the mainland through Kerala.

• An early or timely onset of the monsoon guarantee good rainfall throughout the season.

• La Niña conditions are known to positively influence the Indian monsoon.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

The June-September southwest monsoon brings more than 70% of India’s annual rainfall. Climatologically, the monsoon arrives over the Andaman Sea in the third week of May and advances into the mainland through Kerala, June 1 being the normal date of onset.

An early or timely onset of the monsoon does not guarantee good rainfall or its distribution over the country throughout the four-month season. And a delayed onset does not necessarily mean below-average rainfall for the entire season.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast ‘above normal’ rainfall this season. Quantitatively, it is expected to be 106% of the Long Period Average of 880 mm (1971-2020 data).

The ‘above normal’ rainfall is being attributed mainly to the soon-to-emerge La Niña conditions, which are known to positively influence the Indian monsoon, and a positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD).

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast ‘above normal’ rainfall this season. Quantitatively, it is expected to be 106% of the Long Period Average of 880 mm (1971-2020 data).

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