UPSC Editorials Quiz : 21 August 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA): It was founded with the primary objective of establishing a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through armed revolution. The organisation’s manifesto advocated for universal suffrage and the nationalisation of major industries. The Kakori Conspiracy was its first major organised political action. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The founding objective of the HRA, as outlined in its constitution, was to overthrow colonial rule and establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized armed struggle. Statement 2 is correct. The HRA’s manifesto, known as “The Revolutionary,” was distributed in 1925. It contained progressive ideas for its time, including the advocacy for universal suffrage and the nationalisation of key sectors like railways and steel industries, indicating an early socialist leaning. Statement 3 is correct. While there were smaller actions, the Kakori Train Robbery (1925) is widely regarded as the first major, large-scale, and well-organized action undertaken by the HRA to make a significant political statement and secure funds. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The founding objective of the HRA, as outlined in its constitution, was to overthrow colonial rule and establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized armed struggle. Statement 2 is correct. The HRA’s manifesto, known as “The Revolutionary,” was distributed in 1925. It contained progressive ideas for its time, including the advocacy for universal suffrage and the nationalisation of key sectors like railways and steel industries, indicating an early socialist leaning. Statement 3 is correct. While there were smaller actions, the Kakori Train Robbery (1925) is widely regarded as the first major, large-scale, and well-organized action undertaken by the HRA to make a significant political statement and secure funds.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA):

• It was founded with the primary objective of establishing a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through armed revolution.

• The organisation’s manifesto advocated for universal suffrage and the nationalisation of major industries.

• The Kakori Conspiracy was its first major organised political action.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. The founding objective of the HRA, as outlined in its constitution, was to overthrow colonial rule and establish a “Federated Republic of the United States of India” through an organized armed struggle.

• Statement 2 is correct. The HRA’s manifesto, known as “The Revolutionary,” was distributed in 1925. It contained progressive ideas for its time, including the advocacy for universal suffrage and the nationalisation of key sectors like railways and steel industries, indicating an early socialist leaning.

• Statement 3 is correct. While there were smaller actions, the Kakori Train Robbery (1925) is widely regarded as the first major, large-scale, and well-organized action undertaken by the HRA to make a significant political statement and secure funds.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Satellite Internet technology: Statement I: Satellite Internet technology fundamentally relies on a network of terrestrial fiber-optic cables to relay signals between the user and the ground station. Statement II: A key advantage of LEO satellite constellations is their ability to provide coverage to polar regions, which is a limitation for GEO satellites. Statement III: The ground segment of a satellite internet system includes both user terminals and the ground stations that connect to the internet backbone. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) I and II only (b) II and III only (c) I and III only (d) I, II and III Correct Solution: B Statement I is incorrect. Satellite internet is a wireless technology that delivers access via satellites in space, making it an alternative to, not reliant on, terrestrial cables or fiber-optic lines for the user-end connection. While the ground stations are connected to the internet backbone (which involves fiber), the core technology for the user is wireless communication with the satellite. Statement II is correct. Geostationary (GEO) satellites orbit above the equator in a fixed position. Due to their location and the curvature of the Earth, their signals cannot effectively reach the polar regions. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, however, orbit the Earth in various inclinations, allowing their constellations to be designed to provide complete global coverage, including the poles. Statement III is correct. The satellite internet architecture is composed of a space segment (satellites) and a ground segment. The ground segment comprises all the Earth-based infrastructure, which includes the user terminals (the dish and modem at a user’s location) and the large ground stations (or gateways) that act as the bridge between the satellite network and the terrestrial internet backbone. Incorrect Solution: B Statement I is incorrect. Satellite internet is a wireless technology that delivers access via satellites in space, making it an alternative to, not reliant on, terrestrial cables or fiber-optic lines for the user-end connection. While the ground stations are connected to the internet backbone (which involves fiber), the core technology for the user is wireless communication with the satellite. Statement II is correct. Geostationary (GEO) satellites orbit above the equator in a fixed position. Due to their location and the curvature of the Earth, their signals cannot effectively reach the polar regions. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, however, orbit the Earth in various inclinations, allowing their constellations to be designed to provide complete global coverage, including the poles. Statement III is correct. The satellite internet architecture is composed of a space segment (satellites) and a ground segment. The ground segment comprises all the Earth-based infrastructure, which includes the user terminals (the dish and modem at a user’s location) and the large ground stations (or gateways) that act as the bridge between the satellite network and the terrestrial internet backbone.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Satellite Internet technology:

Statement I: Satellite Internet technology fundamentally relies on a network of terrestrial fiber-optic cables to relay signals between the user and the ground station.

Statement II: A key advantage of LEO satellite constellations is their ability to provide coverage to polar regions, which is a limitation for GEO satellites.

Statement III: The ground segment of a satellite internet system includes both user terminals and the ground stations that connect to the internet backbone.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) I and II only

• (b) II and III only

• (c) I and III only

• (d) I, II and III

Solution: B

• Statement I is incorrect. Satellite internet is a wireless technology that delivers access via satellites in space, making it an alternative to, not reliant on, terrestrial cables or fiber-optic lines for the user-end connection. While the ground stations are connected to the internet backbone (which involves fiber), the core technology for the user is wireless communication with the satellite.

• Statement II is correct. Geostationary (GEO) satellites orbit above the equator in a fixed position. Due to their location and the curvature of the Earth, their signals cannot effectively reach the polar regions. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, however, orbit the Earth in various inclinations, allowing their constellations to be designed to provide complete global coverage, including the poles.

• Statement III is correct. The satellite internet architecture is composed of a space segment (satellites) and a ground segment. The ground segment comprises all the Earth-based infrastructure, which includes the user terminals (the dish and modem at a user’s location) and the large ground stations (or gateways) that act as the bridge between the satellite network and the terrestrial internet backbone.

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI), consider the following statements: The HECI is envisioned to be a unified regulator, subsuming the University Grants Commission (UGC), the All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE). The National Accreditation Council (NAC) vertical of HECI will be responsible for disbursing performance-linked grants to higher education institutions. The framework incorporates Regional Education Excellence Centres (REECs) to ensure that regulatory oversight is sensitive to India’s regional diversity. One of the key technological tools of HECI is a blockchain-secured system for the cryptographic verification of academic credentials. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The HECI aims to replace the UGC, AICTE, and NCTE with a single, unified regulator. This move is intended to eliminate fragmented regulation in the higher education sector. Statement 2 is incorrect. The responsibility for performance-linked funding lies with the Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC), not the National Accreditation Council (NAC). The NAC’s primary role is outcome-focused quality assurance and accreditation, using metrics like graduate employability and research impact. Statement 3 is correct. The HECI structure includes six semi-autonomous Regional Education Excellence Centres (REECs). Their purpose is to provide tailored oversight that accounts for the linguistic, cultural, and economic diversity across different regions of India. Statement 4 is correct. The HECI framework leverages modern technology, including a blockchain-secured credential system. This system is designed to provide cryptographic verification of degrees and transcripts, allowing employers instant access to authentic academic records. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. The HECI aims to replace the UGC, AICTE, and NCTE with a single, unified regulator. This move is intended to eliminate fragmented regulation in the higher education sector. Statement 2 is incorrect. The responsibility for performance-linked funding lies with the Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC), not the National Accreditation Council (NAC). The NAC’s primary role is outcome-focused quality assurance and accreditation, using metrics like graduate employability and research impact. Statement 3 is correct. The HECI structure includes six semi-autonomous Regional Education Excellence Centres (REECs). Their purpose is to provide tailored oversight that accounts for the linguistic, cultural, and economic diversity across different regions of India. Statement 4 is correct. The HECI framework leverages modern technology, including a blockchain-secured credential system. This system is designed to provide cryptographic verification of degrees and transcripts, allowing employers instant access to authentic academic records.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the Higher Education Commission of India (HECI), consider the following statements:

• The HECI is envisioned to be a unified regulator, subsuming the University Grants Commission (UGC), the All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), and the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).

• The National Accreditation Council (NAC) vertical of HECI will be responsible for disbursing performance-linked grants to higher education institutions.

• The framework incorporates Regional Education Excellence Centres (REECs) to ensure that regulatory oversight is sensitive to India’s regional diversity.

• One of the key technological tools of HECI is a blockchain-secured system for the cryptographic verification of academic credentials.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. The HECI aims to replace the UGC, AICTE, and NCTE with a single, unified regulator. This move is intended to eliminate fragmented regulation in the higher education sector.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The responsibility for performance-linked funding lies with the Higher Education Grants Council (HEGC), not the National Accreditation Council (NAC). The NAC’s primary role is outcome-focused quality assurance and accreditation, using metrics like graduate employability and research impact.

• Statement 3 is correct. The HECI structure includes six semi-autonomous Regional Education Excellence Centres (REECs). Their purpose is to provide tailored oversight that accounts for the linguistic, cultural, and economic diversity across different regions of India.

• Statement 4 is correct. The HECI framework leverages modern technology, including a blockchain-secured credential system. This system is designed to provide cryptographic verification of degrees and transcripts, allowing employers instant access to authentic academic records.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question A patient in a rural sub-Saharan African community presents with fever, headaches, and enlarged lymph nodes. A few months later, the patient develops confusion, poor coordination, and a severely disrupted sleep cycle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis and cause? (a) Rabies, caused by a virus transmitted via a dog bite. (b) Malaria, caused by a protozoan transmitted by a mosquito. (c) Human African Trypanosomiasis, caused by a protozoan transmitted by a tsetse fly. (d) Dengue Fever, caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito. Correct Solution: C The progression of symptoms described is a classic presentation of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). The initial symptoms—fever, headaches, enlarged lymph nodes—correspond to the first (haemo-lymphatic) stage of the disease, where the parasite is in the blood and lymphatic system. The later onset of confusion, poor coordination, and a disrupted sleep cycle are hallmark signs of the second (neurological) stage. This occurs when the Trypanosoma parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system. The location (rural sub-Saharan Africa) and the vector (tsetse fly) are also consistent with the epidemiology of sleeping sickness. Incorrect Solution: C The progression of symptoms described is a classic presentation of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). The initial symptoms—fever, headaches, enlarged lymph nodes—correspond to the first (haemo-lymphatic) stage of the disease, where the parasite is in the blood and lymphatic system. The later onset of confusion, poor coordination, and a disrupted sleep cycle are hallmark signs of the second (neurological) stage. This occurs when the Trypanosoma parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system. The location (rural sub-Saharan Africa) and the vector (tsetse fly) are also consistent with the epidemiology of sleeping sickness.

#### 4. Question

A patient in a rural sub-Saharan African community presents with fever, headaches, and enlarged lymph nodes. A few months later, the patient develops confusion, poor coordination, and a severely disrupted sleep cycle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis and cause?

• (a) Rabies, caused by a virus transmitted via a dog bite.

• (b) Malaria, caused by a protozoan transmitted by a mosquito.

• (c) Human African Trypanosomiasis, caused by a protozoan transmitted by a tsetse fly.

• (d) Dengue Fever, caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito.

Solution: C

• The progression of symptoms described is a classic presentation of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

• The initial symptoms—fever, headaches, enlarged lymph nodes—correspond to the first (haemo-lymphatic) stage of the disease, where the parasite is in the blood and lymphatic system. The later onset of confusion, poor coordination, and a disrupted sleep cycle are hallmark signs of the second (neurological) stage.

• This occurs when the Trypanosoma parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier and affects the central nervous system. The location (rural sub-Saharan Africa) and the vector (tsetse fly) are also consistent with the epidemiology of sleeping sickness.

Solution: C

• The progression of symptoms described is a classic presentation of Human African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station was recently in the news. Where is it located? (a) On the coast of the English Channel in the United Kingdom. (b) On the Baltic Sea coast in Germany. (c) In Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea. (d) Adjacent to the Rhine River in Switzerland. Correct Solution: C The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is situated in Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea. It is located between the cities of Calais and Dunkirk in the Hauts-de-France region. Incorrect Solution: C The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is situated in Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea. It is located between the cities of Calais and Dunkirk in the Hauts-de-France region.

#### 5. Question

The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station was recently in the news. Where is it located?

• (a) On the coast of the English Channel in the United Kingdom.

• (b) On the Baltic Sea coast in Germany.

• (c) In Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea.

• (d) Adjacent to the Rhine River in Switzerland.

Solution: C

The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is situated in Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea. It is located between the cities of Calais and Dunkirk in the Hauts-de-France region.

Solution: C

The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is situated in Northern France, on the coast of the North Sea. It is located between the cities of Calais and Dunkirk in the Hauts-de-France region.

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