UPSC Editorials Quiz : 20 July 2024

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding High Seas. High Seas are the region that extend up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline. They constitute roughly two-thirds of the total ocean area. They are considered global commons. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Typically, national jurisdictions extend up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline, an area that is called exclusive economic zones or EEZs. Areas outside of EEZs of every country are known as high seas or international waters. They constitute about 64%, roughly two-thirds, of the total ocean area and are considered global commons. They belong to no one and everyone enjoys equal rights for navigation, overflight, economic activities, scientific research, or laying of infrastructure like undersea cables. But because these belong to no one, high seas are also no one’s responsibility. As a result, many of these areas suffer from overexploitation of resources, biodiversity loss, pollution, including dumping of plastics, ocean acidification, and many other problems. According to UN estimates, about 17 million tonnes of plastics were dumped in the oceans in 2021, and this was only expected to increase in the coming years. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Typically, national jurisdictions extend up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline, an area that is called exclusive economic zones or EEZs. Areas outside of EEZs of every country are known as high seas or international waters. They constitute about 64%, roughly two-thirds, of the total ocean area and are considered global commons. They belong to no one and everyone enjoys equal rights for navigation, overflight, economic activities, scientific research, or laying of infrastructure like undersea cables. But because these belong to no one, high seas are also no one’s responsibility. As a result, many of these areas suffer from overexploitation of resources, biodiversity loss, pollution, including dumping of plastics, ocean acidification, and many other problems. According to UN estimates, about 17 million tonnes of plastics were dumped in the oceans in 2021, and this was only expected to increase in the coming years. Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding High Seas.

• High Seas are the region that extend up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline.

• They constitute roughly two-thirds of the total ocean area.

• They are considered global commons.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Typically, national jurisdictions extend up to 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline, an area that is called exclusive economic zones or EEZs. Areas outside of EEZs of every country are known as high seas or international waters. They constitute about 64%, roughly two-thirds, of the total ocean area and are considered global commons. They belong to no one and everyone enjoys equal rights for navigation, overflight, economic activities, scientific research, or laying of infrastructure like undersea cables.

But because these belong to no one, high seas are also no one’s responsibility. As a result, many of these areas suffer from overexploitation of resources, biodiversity loss, pollution, including dumping of plastics, ocean acidification, and many other problems. According to UN estimates, about 17 million tonnes of plastics were dumped in the oceans in 2021, and this was only expected to increase in the coming years.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding UN Convention on Laws of the Seas (UNCLOS). UNCLOS defines the rights and duties of nations regarding activities in the oceans. It addresses issues such as sovereignty, passage rights, and rights of exclusive economic usages of oceans. It specifies how the objectives of the Convention have to be achieved. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The 1982 UN Convention on Laws of the Seas, or UNCLOS, is a comprehensive international law that lays down the broad frameworks for legitimate behaviour on, and use of, seas and oceans everywhere. It defines the rights and duties of nations regarding activities in the oceans, and also addresses issues such as sovereignty, passage rights, and rights of exclusive economic usages. Demarcations of territorial waters, and EEZs are a result of UNCLOS. UNCLOS also sets the general principles for equitable access and usage of ocean resources, and protection and conservation of biodiversity and marine ecology. But it doesn’t specify how these objectives have to be achieved. This is where the High Seas Treaty comes in. Once it comes into force, this treaty would serve as one of the implementing agreements under the UNCLOS. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The 1982 UN Convention on Laws of the Seas, or UNCLOS, is a comprehensive international law that lays down the broad frameworks for legitimate behaviour on, and use of, seas and oceans everywhere. It defines the rights and duties of nations regarding activities in the oceans, and also addresses issues such as sovereignty, passage rights, and rights of exclusive economic usages. Demarcations of territorial waters, and EEZs are a result of UNCLOS. UNCLOS also sets the general principles for equitable access and usage of ocean resources, and protection and conservation of biodiversity and marine ecology. But it doesn’t specify how these objectives have to be achieved. This is where the High Seas Treaty comes in. Once it comes into force, this treaty would serve as one of the implementing agreements under the UNCLOS. Source

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding UN Convention on Laws of the Seas (UNCLOS).

• UNCLOS defines the rights and duties of nations regarding activities in the oceans.

• It addresses issues such as sovereignty, passage rights, and rights of exclusive economic usages of oceans.

• It specifies how the objectives of the Convention have to be achieved.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The 1982 UN Convention on Laws of the Seas, or UNCLOS, is a comprehensive international law that lays down the broad frameworks for legitimate behaviour on, and use of, seas and oceans everywhere. It defines the rights and duties of nations regarding activities in the oceans, and also addresses issues such as sovereignty, passage rights, and rights of exclusive economic usages. Demarcations of territorial waters, and EEZs are a result of UNCLOS.

UNCLOS also sets the general principles for equitable access and usage of ocean resources, and protection and conservation of biodiversity and marine ecology. But it doesn’t specify how these objectives have to be achieved. This is where the High Seas Treaty comes in. Once it comes into force, this treaty would serve as one of the implementing agreements under the UNCLOS.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, is the highest civilian honour given by a) Israel b) France c) UAE d) Russia Correct Solution: d) Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded Russia’s highest civilian honour, the Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, during his visit to the country. The award for the PM was announced in 2019, for “exceptional services in promoting special & privileged strategic partnership between Russia and India and friendly relations between the Russian and Indian peoples.” The award is given to prominent government and public figures, military leaders, and outstanding representatives of science, culture, art, and various sectors of the economy for exceptional services to Russia. It can also be awarded to heads of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation. Source Incorrect Solution: d) Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded Russia’s highest civilian honour, the Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, during his visit to the country. The award for the PM was announced in 2019, for “exceptional services in promoting special & privileged strategic partnership between Russia and India and friendly relations between the Russian and Indian peoples.” The award is given to prominent government and public figures, military leaders, and outstanding representatives of science, culture, art, and various sectors of the economy for exceptional services to Russia. It can also be awarded to heads of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation. Source

#### 3. Question

Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, is the highest civilian honour given by

Solution: d)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded Russia’s highest civilian honour, the Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, during his visit to the country.

The award for the PM was announced in 2019, for “exceptional services in promoting special & privileged strategic partnership between Russia and India and friendly relations between the Russian and Indian peoples.”

The award is given to prominent government and public figures, military leaders, and outstanding representatives of science, culture, art, and various sectors of the economy for exceptional services to Russia. It can also be awarded to heads of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation.

Solution: d)

Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded Russia’s highest civilian honour, the Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle, during his visit to the country.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question High Seas Treaty, recently in news, seeks to achieve which of the following? Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources Mandatory environmental impact assessments for any activity that is polluting the marine ecosystem. Capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) The High Seas Treaty seeks to achieve three substantive objectives: conservation and protection of marine ecology; fair and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources; and establishment of the practice of mandatory environmental impact assessments for any activity that is potentially polluting or damaging to the marine ecosystem. There is a fourth objective as well, that of capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries. This will help them make full use of the benefits of the oceans while also contributing towards their conservation. Protection and conservation of marine ecology is supposed to be achieved through demarcation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), much like the national parks or wildlife reserves. Activities in MPAs would be regulated, and conservation efforts also taken up. A few potential areas that may get recognised as MPAs have already been identified, and many more are expected to be added in due course. Source Incorrect Solution: c) The High Seas Treaty seeks to achieve three substantive objectives: conservation and protection of marine ecology; fair and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources; and establishment of the practice of mandatory environmental impact assessments for any activity that is potentially polluting or damaging to the marine ecosystem. There is a fourth objective as well, that of capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries. This will help them make full use of the benefits of the oceans while also contributing towards their conservation. Protection and conservation of marine ecology is supposed to be achieved through demarcation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), much like the national parks or wildlife reserves. Activities in MPAs would be regulated, and conservation efforts also taken up. A few potential areas that may get recognised as MPAs have already been identified, and many more are expected to be added in due course. Source

#### 4. Question

High Seas Treaty, recently in news, seeks to achieve which of the following?

• Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources

• Mandatory environmental impact assessments for any activity that is polluting the marine ecosystem.

• Capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: c)

• The High Seas Treaty seeks to achieve three substantive objectives: conservation and protection of marine ecology; fair and equitable sharing of benefits from marine genetic resources; and establishment of the practice of mandatory environmental impact assessments for any activity that is potentially polluting or damaging to the marine ecosystem.

• There is a fourth objective as well, that of capacity building and transfer of marine technologies to developing countries. This will help them make full use of the benefits of the oceans while also contributing towards their conservation.

• Protection and conservation of marine ecology is supposed to be achieved through demarcation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), much like the national parks or wildlife reserves. Activities in MPAs would be regulated, and conservation efforts also taken up. A few potential areas that may get recognised as MPAs have already been identified, and many more are expected to be added in due course.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023. Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 focuses on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration. The report is released by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only One (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 is an annual collaboration between the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the United Nations Climate Change High-Level Champions. Its focus is on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration. It offers recommendations for countries to work together in these sectors to reduce emissions over the next decade and mitigate the worst effects of climate change. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 is an annual collaboration between the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the United Nations Climate Change High-Level Champions. Its focus is on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions. The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration. It offers recommendations for countries to work together in these sectors to reduce emissions over the next decade and mitigate the worst effects of climate change.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023.

• Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 focuses on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions.

• The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration.

• The report is released by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only One

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2023 is an annual collaboration between the International Energy Agency (IEA), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the United Nations Climate Change High-Level Champions.

• Its focus is on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions.

• The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration.

• It offers recommendations for countries to work together in these sectors to reduce emissions over the next decade and mitigate the worst effects of climate change.

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Its focus is on strengthening international cooperation to accelerate the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions.

• The report evaluates progress made since 2022 in priority areas for global collaboration.

• It offers recommendations for countries to work together in these sectors to reduce emissions over the next decade and mitigate the worst effects of climate change.

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