UPSC Editorials Quiz : 20 December 2024

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which region is most affected by soil salinity ingress due to its geographical location? a) Assam b) Telangana c) Maharashtra d) Odisha Correct Solution: d) Coastal zones like Odisha and Tamil Nadu experience salinity ingress due to seawater intrusion, impacting soil fertility. Assam and Maharashtra face different types of soil degradation, such as erosion and drought. Incorrect Solution: d) Coastal zones like Odisha and Tamil Nadu experience salinity ingress due to seawater intrusion, impacting soil fertility. Assam and Maharashtra face different types of soil degradation, such as erosion and drought.

#### 1. Question

Which region is most affected by soil salinity ingress due to its geographical location?

• b) Telangana

• c) Maharashtra

Solution: d)

Coastal zones like Odisha and Tamil Nadu experience salinity ingress due to seawater intrusion, impacting soil fertility. Assam and Maharashtra face different types of soil degradation, such as erosion and drought.

Solution: d)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about Olive Ridley turtles: Olive Ridley turtles do not engage in migratory behavior and remain confined to specific coastal waters. Their nesting grounds are limited to the eastern Pacific Ocean. Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) About Olive Ridley Turtles: Smallest and Most Abundant: They are the smallest and most abundant sea turtles globally. Name Origin: Lepidochelys olivacea. Unique Nesting (Arribada): Known for mass nesting, thousands of females lay eggs simultaneously on the same beach. Geographic Distribution: Found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuaryis the world’s largest rookery. Physical Features: Adults measure 62-70 cm, weigh 35-45 kg, and have paddle-like flippers with one or two claws. Diet and Habitat: They are omnivorous and solitary, spending most of their lives in the open ocean. Migration: Travel thousands of kilometers annually between feeding and mating grounds. Conservation Status: Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule 1 (highest protection in India). CITES: Appendix I (international trade ban). Incorrect Solution: d) About Olive Ridley Turtles: Smallest and Most Abundant: They are the smallest and most abundant sea turtles globally. Name Origin: Lepidochelys olivacea. Unique Nesting (Arribada): Known for mass nesting, thousands of females lay eggs simultaneously on the same beach. Geographic Distribution: Found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuaryis the world’s largest rookery. Physical Features: Adults measure 62-70 cm, weigh 35-45 kg, and have paddle-like flippers with one or two claws. Diet and Habitat: They are omnivorous and solitary, spending most of their lives in the open ocean. Migration: Travel thousands of kilometers annually between feeding and mating grounds. Conservation Status: Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule 1 (highest protection in India). CITES: Appendix I (international trade ban).

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about Olive Ridley turtles:

• Olive Ridley turtles do not engage in migratory behavior and remain confined to specific coastal waters.

• Their nesting grounds are limited to the eastern Pacific Ocean.

• Olive Ridley turtles are listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Which of the above statements are correct?

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

About Olive Ridley Turtles:

• Smallest and Most Abundant: They are the smallest and most abundant sea turtles globally.

• Name Origin: Lepidochelys olivacea.

• Unique Nesting (Arribada): Known for mass nesting, thousands of females lay eggs simultaneously on the same beach.

• Geographic Distribution: Found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

• Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuaryis the world’s largest rookery.

• Physical Features: Adults measure 62-70 cm, weigh 35-45 kg, and have paddle-like flippers with one or two claws.

• Diet and Habitat: They are omnivorous and solitary, spending most of their lives in the open ocean.

• Migration: Travel thousands of kilometers annually between feeding and mating grounds.

Conservation Status:

• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule 1 (highest protection in India).

• CITES: Appendix I (international trade ban).

Solution: d)

About Olive Ridley Turtles:

• Smallest and Most Abundant: They are the smallest and most abundant sea turtles globally.

• Name Origin: Lepidochelys olivacea.

• Unique Nesting (Arribada): Known for mass nesting, thousands of females lay eggs simultaneously on the same beach.

• Geographic Distribution: Found in the warm waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans.

• Odisha’s Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuaryis the world’s largest rookery.

• Physical Features: Adults measure 62-70 cm, weigh 35-45 kg, and have paddle-like flippers with one or two claws.

• Diet and Habitat: They are omnivorous and solitary, spending most of their lives in the open ocean.

• Migration: Travel thousands of kilometers annually between feeding and mating grounds.

Conservation Status:

• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule 1 (highest protection in India).

• CITES: Appendix I (international trade ban).

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following best describes Replacement Therapy? a) A treatment where clotting factors are administered orally to compensate for deficiencies. b) A therapy that replaces deficient clotting factors via injections into veins. c) A surgical procedure to replace defective blood components. d) A treatment that stimulates the body to produce its own clotting factors. Correct Solution: b) Replacement Therapy is a standard treatment primarily used for conditions like hemophilia, where clotting factors, such as Factor VIII, are injected directly into the bloodstream. This replaces the deficient or missing factors necessary for blood clotting. What is Replacement Therapy? Definition:A standard treatment where clotting factors are injected into the veins to replace the deficient Factor VIII. Mechanism:Derived from human plasma or produced synthetically (recombinant clotting factors). Challenges: Short lifespan of clotting factors in the body. Antibodies may neutralize the clotting factors, reducing effectiveness. What is Roctavian? Definition:The first FDA-approved gene therapy for severe haemophilia A. How It Works: Uses an adeno-associated virus (AAV)vector to deliver a corrected gene encoding Factor VIII. The gene integrates into liver cells to produce clotting Factor VIII. Efficacy:Reduces annual bleeding rates but requires corticosteroids to suppress immune reactions. Limitations:Treatment response may wane over time, and pre-existing antibodies to AAV may limit its use. Lentivirus Vector in Gene Therapy: Advantages: Rarely triggers pre-existing Integrates into host cells, ensuring long-term production of clotting factors. Indian Approach:Gene transfer into adult stem cells for lifelong efficacy. Incorrect Solution: b) Replacement Therapy is a standard treatment primarily used for conditions like hemophilia, where clotting factors, such as Factor VIII, are injected directly into the bloodstream. This replaces the deficient or missing factors necessary for blood clotting. What is Replacement Therapy? Definition:A standard treatment where clotting factors are injected into the veins to replace the deficient Factor VIII. Mechanism:Derived from human plasma or produced synthetically (recombinant clotting factors). Challenges: Short lifespan of clotting factors in the body. Antibodies may neutralize the clotting factors, reducing effectiveness. What is Roctavian? Definition:The first FDA-approved gene therapy for severe haemophilia A. How It Works: Uses an adeno-associated virus (AAV)vector to deliver a corrected gene encoding Factor VIII. The gene integrates into liver cells to produce clotting Factor VIII. Efficacy:Reduces annual bleeding rates but requires corticosteroids to suppress immune reactions. Limitations:Treatment response may wane over time, and pre-existing antibodies to AAV may limit its use. Lentivirus Vector in Gene Therapy: Advantages: Rarely triggers pre-existing Integrates into host cells, ensuring long-term production of clotting factors. Indian Approach:Gene transfer into adult stem cells for lifelong efficacy.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following best describes Replacement Therapy?

• a) A treatment where clotting factors are administered orally to compensate for deficiencies.

• b) A therapy that replaces deficient clotting factors via injections into veins.

• c) A surgical procedure to replace defective blood components.

• d) A treatment that stimulates the body to produce its own clotting factors.

Solution: b)

Replacement Therapy is a standard treatment primarily used for conditions like hemophilia, where clotting factors, such as Factor VIII, are injected directly into the bloodstream. This replaces the deficient or missing factors necessary for blood clotting.

What is Replacement Therapy?

• Definition:A standard treatment where clotting factors are injected into the veins to replace the deficient Factor VIII.

• Mechanism:Derived from human plasma or produced synthetically (recombinant clotting factors).

Challenges:

• Short lifespan of clotting factors in the body.

• Antibodies may neutralize the clotting factors, reducing effectiveness.

What is Roctavian?

• Definition:The first FDA-approved gene therapy for severe haemophilia A.

• How It Works:

• Uses an adeno-associated virus (AAV)vector to deliver a corrected gene encoding Factor VIII.

• The gene integrates into liver cells to produce clotting Factor VIII.

• Efficacy:Reduces annual bleeding rates but requires corticosteroids to suppress immune reactions.

• Limitations:Treatment response may wane over time, and pre-existing antibodies to AAV may limit its use.

Lentivirus Vector in Gene Therapy:

• Advantages:

• Rarely triggers pre-existing

• Integrates into host cells, ensuring long-term production of clotting factors.

• Indian Approach:Gene transfer into adult stem cells for lifelong efficacy.

Solution: b)

What is Replacement Therapy?

• Definition:A standard treatment where clotting factors are injected into the veins to replace the deficient Factor VIII.

• Mechanism:Derived from human plasma or produced synthetically (recombinant clotting factors).

Challenges:

• Short lifespan of clotting factors in the body.

• Antibodies may neutralize the clotting factors, reducing effectiveness.

What is Roctavian?

• Definition:The first FDA-approved gene therapy for severe haemophilia A.

• How It Works:

• Uses an adeno-associated virus (AAV)vector to deliver a corrected gene encoding Factor VIII.

• The gene integrates into liver cells to produce clotting Factor VIII.

• Efficacy:Reduces annual bleeding rates but requires corticosteroids to suppress immune reactions.

• Limitations:Treatment response may wane over time, and pre-existing antibodies to AAV may limit its use.

Lentivirus Vector in Gene Therapy:

• Advantages:

• Rarely triggers pre-existing

• Integrates into host cells, ensuring long-term production of clotting factors.

• Indian Approach:Gene transfer into adult stem cells for lifelong efficacy.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following features of the POSH Act (Protection of women from Sexual Harassment Act, 2013): The definition of “workplace” includes both physical offices and remote work settings. Employers are responsible for ensuring compliance and raising awareness about the Act. The Vishaka Guidelines laid the foundation for the POSH Act. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. The definition of a workplace under the POSH Act is broad, covering physical offices, places visited during employment, and remote work settings. Statement 2 is correct. Employers are legally responsible for compliance with the POSH Act, including raising awareness, implementing policies, and filing annual compliance reports. Statement 3 is correct. The Vishaka Guidelines (1997) by the Supreme Court laid down the legal framework to address sexual harassment at the workplace, serving as the foundation for the POSH Act, 2013. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. The definition of a workplace under the POSH Act is broad, covering physical offices, places visited during employment, and remote work settings. Statement 2 is correct. Employers are legally responsible for compliance with the POSH Act, including raising awareness, implementing policies, and filing annual compliance reports. Statement 3 is correct. The Vishaka Guidelines (1997) by the Supreme Court laid down the legal framework to address sexual harassment at the workplace, serving as the foundation for the POSH Act, 2013.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following features of the POSH Act (Protection of women from Sexual Harassment Act, 2013):

• The definition of “workplace” includes both physical offices and remote work settings.

• Employers are responsible for ensuring compliance and raising awareness about the Act.

• The Vishaka Guidelines laid the foundation for the POSH Act.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct. The definition of a workplace under the POSH Act is broad, covering physical offices, places visited during employment, and remote work settings.

Statement 2 is correct. Employers are legally responsible for compliance with the POSH Act, including raising awareness, implementing policies, and filing annual compliance reports.

Statement 3 is correct. The Vishaka Guidelines (1997) by the Supreme Court laid down the legal framework to address sexual harassment at the workplace, serving as the foundation for the POSH Act, 2013.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct. The definition of a workplace under the POSH Act is broad, covering physical offices, places visited during employment, and remote work settings.

Statement 2 is correct. Employers are legally responsible for compliance with the POSH Act, including raising awareness, implementing policies, and filing annual compliance reports.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about La Niña: Statement-I: La Niña leads to strengthened trade winds in the Pacific Ocean, causing upwelling of colder water. Statement-II: The upwelling of cold water during La Niña results in warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures across the eastern Pacific. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) La Niña is a climatic phenomenon characterized by stronger-than-usual trade winds over the Pacific Ocean. Statement-I accurately describes this by noting that the intensified trade winds push warm surface water westward, allowing colder subsurface water to rise, a process known as upwelling. This leads to a cooling effect in the eastern Pacific, reinforcing La Niña conditions. However, Statement-II is incorrect because the upwelling of cold water results in cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific, not warmer temperatures. This cooling effect contrasts with El Niño, which warms the eastern Pacific waters. La Niña’s cooler waters influence global weather patterns, often leading to heavier rains in some regions and droughts in others. Incorrect Solution: c) La Niña is a climatic phenomenon characterized by stronger-than-usual trade winds over the Pacific Ocean. Statement-I accurately describes this by noting that the intensified trade winds push warm surface water westward, allowing colder subsurface water to rise, a process known as upwelling. This leads to a cooling effect in the eastern Pacific, reinforcing La Niña conditions. However, Statement-II is incorrect because the upwelling of cold water results in cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific, not warmer temperatures. This cooling effect contrasts with El Niño, which warms the eastern Pacific waters. La Niña’s cooler waters influence global weather patterns, often leading to heavier rains in some regions and droughts in others.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about La Niña:

Statement-I: La Niña leads to strengthened trade winds in the Pacific Ocean, causing upwelling of colder water. Statement-II: The upwelling of cold water during La Niña results in warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures across the eastern Pacific.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Solution: c)

La Niña is a climatic phenomenon characterized by stronger-than-usual trade winds over the Pacific Ocean. Statement-I accurately describes this by noting that the intensified trade winds push warm surface water westward, allowing colder subsurface water to rise, a process known as upwelling. This leads to a cooling effect in the eastern Pacific, reinforcing La Niña conditions.

However, Statement-II is incorrect because the upwelling of cold water results in cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific, not warmer temperatures. This cooling effect contrasts with El Niño, which warms the eastern Pacific waters. La Niña’s cooler waters influence global weather patterns, often leading to heavier rains in some regions and droughts in others.

Solution: c)

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