UPSC Editorials Quiz : 2 January 2026

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the impacts of tidal flooding: Tidal flooding can result in saltwater intrusion into freshwater supplies. Tidal flooding always leads to the permanent submersion of affected areas. Tidal flooding is always caused by storm surges. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Only Statement 1 is correct. Tidal flooding can cause saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems, affecting agriculture, drinking water, and ecosystems. However, it does not necessarily result in permanent submersion, as it is usually temporary. While storm surges can exacerbate tidal flooding, they are not its sole cause. Incorrect Solution: B Only Statement 1 is correct. Tidal flooding can cause saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems, affecting agriculture, drinking water, and ecosystems. However, it does not necessarily result in permanent submersion, as it is usually temporary. While storm surges can exacerbate tidal flooding, they are not its sole cause.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the impacts of tidal flooding:

• Tidal flooding can result in saltwater intrusion into freshwater supplies.

• Tidal flooding always leads to the permanent submersion of affected areas.

• Tidal flooding is always caused by storm surges.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: B

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Tidal flooding can cause saltwater intrusion into freshwater systems, affecting agriculture, drinking water, and ecosystems. However, it does not necessarily result in permanent submersion, as it is usually temporary. While storm surges can exacerbate tidal flooding, they are not its sole cause.

Solution: B

Only Statement 1 is correct.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary objective of the Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) scheme under the Ramsar Convention? a) To prioritize funding for infrastructural development in cities with significant wetland areas. b) To enforce legal penalties on cities that fail to protect their urban wetlands. c) To provide international recognition to cities that demonstrate exceptional efforts in conserving and sustainably managing their wetlands. d) To mandate urban development projects to include wetland restoration plans. Correct Solution: C The Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) scheme is a voluntary initiative by the Ramsar Convention aimed at recognizing cities that value and promote the conservation and wise use of their natural or human-made wetlands. This accreditation provides international recognition and positive publicity for the cities’ efforts in sustainable wetland management. About Wetland Accredited Cities: What is Wetland City Accreditation (WCA)? Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary initiative under the Ramsar Convention that recognizes cities for wetland conservation efforts. Established in COP12 (2015): WCA was introduced during the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Ramsar Convention held in Uruguay in 2015. Validity and Renewal: Accreditation is valid for 6 years and can be renewed if cities continue to meet the prescribed international criteria. Aim: To promote conservation and wise use of wetlands in urban and peri-urban areas. To ensure socio-economic benefits for local populations while safeguarding ecological balance. To encourage cities near Ramsar-designated wetlands to maintain positive relationships with these ecosystems. Criteria for Accreditation: Cities must satisfy six international criteria, including: Adopting measures for wetland conservation and wise use. Promoting ecosystem services provided by wetlands. Maintaining sustainable socio-economic practices linked to wetlands. Engaging local communities in conservation. Addressing concerns related to wetland degradation. Protecting both natural and human-made wetlands. Features: Provides international recognition and positive publicity for cities. Encourages wetland conservation policies in urban planning. Helps implement India’s Amrit Dharohar initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Promotes sustainable urban development while ensuring ecological preservation. Recent Addition from India: Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone. Udaipur, Rajasthan: Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism. Incorrect Solution: C The Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) scheme is a voluntary initiative by the Ramsar Convention aimed at recognizing cities that value and promote the conservation and wise use of their natural or human-made wetlands. This accreditation provides international recognition and positive publicity for the cities’ efforts in sustainable wetland management. About Wetland Accredited Cities: What is Wetland City Accreditation (WCA)? Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary initiative under the Ramsar Convention that recognizes cities for wetland conservation efforts. Established in COP12 (2015): WCA was introduced during the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Ramsar Convention held in Uruguay in 2015. Validity and Renewal: Accreditation is valid for 6 years and can be renewed if cities continue to meet the prescribed international criteria. Aim: To promote conservation and wise use of wetlands in urban and peri-urban areas. To ensure socio-economic benefits for local populations while safeguarding ecological balance. To encourage cities near Ramsar-designated wetlands to maintain positive relationships with these ecosystems. Criteria for Accreditation: Cities must satisfy six international criteria, including: Adopting measures for wetland conservation and wise use. Promoting ecosystem services provided by wetlands. Maintaining sustainable socio-economic practices linked to wetlands. Engaging local communities in conservation. Addressing concerns related to wetland degradation. Protecting both natural and human-made wetlands. Features: Provides international recognition and positive publicity for cities. Encourages wetland conservation policies in urban planning. Helps implement India’s Amrit Dharohar initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). Promotes sustainable urban development while ensuring ecological preservation. Recent Addition from India: Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone. Udaipur, Rajasthan: Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes the primary objective of the Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) scheme under the Ramsar Convention?

• a) To prioritize funding for infrastructural development in cities with significant wetland areas.

• b) To enforce legal penalties on cities that fail to protect their urban wetlands.

• c) To provide international recognition to cities that demonstrate exceptional efforts in conserving and sustainably managing their wetlands.

• d) To mandate urban development projects to include wetland restoration plans.

Solution: C

The Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) scheme is a voluntary initiative by the Ramsar Convention aimed at recognizing cities that value and promote the conservation and wise use of their natural or human-made wetlands. This accreditation provides international recognition and positive publicity for the cities’ efforts in sustainable wetland management.

About Wetland Accredited Cities:

• What is Wetland City Accreditation (WCA)? Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary initiative under the Ramsar Convention that recognizes cities for wetland conservation efforts. Established in COP12 (2015): WCA was introduced during the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Ramsar Convention held in Uruguay in 2015. Validity and Renewal: Accreditation is valid for 6 years and can be renewed if cities continue to meet the prescribed international criteria.

• Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary initiative under the Ramsar Convention that recognizes cities for wetland conservation efforts.

• Established in COP12 (2015): WCA was introduced during the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Ramsar Convention held in Uruguay in 2015.

• Validity and Renewal: Accreditation is valid for 6 years and can be renewed if cities continue to meet the prescribed international criteria.

• To promote conservation and wise use of wetlands in urban and peri-urban areas. To ensure socio-economic benefits for local populations while safeguarding ecological balance. To encourage cities near Ramsar-designated wetlands to maintain positive relationships with these ecosystems.

• To promote conservation and wise use of wetlands in urban and peri-urban areas.

• To ensure socio-economic benefits for local populations while safeguarding ecological balance.

• To encourage cities near Ramsar-designated wetlands to maintain positive relationships with these ecosystems.

Criteria for Accreditation:

Cities must satisfy six international criteria, including:

• Adopting measures for wetland conservation and wise use.

• Promoting ecosystem services provided by wetlands.

• Maintaining sustainable socio-economic practices linked to wetlands.

• Engaging local communities in conservation.

• Addressing concerns related to wetland degradation.

• Protecting both natural and human-made wetlands.

Features:

• Provides international recognition and positive publicity for cities.

• Encourages wetland conservation policies in urban planning.

• Helps implement India’s Amrit Dharohar initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

• Promotes sustainable urban development while ensuring ecological preservation.

Recent Addition from India:

• Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone.

• Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone.

• Udaipur, Rajasthan: Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism.

• Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism.

Solution: C

About Wetland Accredited Cities:

• Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary initiative under the Ramsar Convention that recognizes cities for wetland conservation efforts.

• Established in COP12 (2015): WCA was introduced during the 12th Conference of the Parties (COP12) to the Ramsar Convention held in Uruguay in 2015.

• Validity and Renewal: Accreditation is valid for 6 years and can be renewed if cities continue to meet the prescribed international criteria.

• To promote conservation and wise use of wetlands in urban and peri-urban areas.

• To ensure socio-economic benefits for local populations while safeguarding ecological balance.

• To encourage cities near Ramsar-designated wetlands to maintain positive relationships with these ecosystems.

Criteria for Accreditation:

Cities must satisfy six international criteria, including:

• Adopting measures for wetland conservation and wise use.

• Promoting ecosystem services provided by wetlands.

• Maintaining sustainable socio-economic practices linked to wetlands.

• Engaging local communities in conservation.

• Addressing concerns related to wetland degradation.

• Protecting both natural and human-made wetlands.

Features:

• Provides international recognition and positive publicity for cities.

• Encourages wetland conservation policies in urban planning.

• Helps implement India’s Amrit Dharohar initiative by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).

• Promotes sustainable urban development while ensuring ecological preservation.

Recent Addition from India:

• Indore, Madhya Pradesh: Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone.

• Recognized for Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site developed as a bird sanctuary and water bird congregation zone.

• Udaipur, Rajasthan: Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism.

• Known for its interconnected wetlands, including Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai, which support biodiversity and eco-tourism.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding stove lighters: Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate an electric spark. Electronic stove lighters require an external power source such as a battery. Piezoelectric lighters require regular recharging to function properly. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: A Statement 1 (Correct): Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate a spark when mechanical pressure is applied. Statement 2 (Correct): Electronic stove lighters use batteries or an external power source to generate an ignition spark. Statement 3 (Incorrect): Piezoelectric lighters do not require recharging, as they generate electricity mechanically. About Stove Lighter: What is a Stove Lighter? A stove lighter is a compact device designed to create electric sparks that ignite gas stoves. It eliminates the need for matches, offering a safer and more efficient way to light stoves. Types of Stove Lighters: Manual Lighters: Use a piezoelectric mechanism where pressure generates a spark. Electronic Lighters: Operate on batteries to create sparks using an electric circuit. Flame-Based Lighters: Create a small flame using fuel (like butane) to ignite gas. How Does a Stove Lighter Work? Piezoelectric Mechanism: Contains piezoelectric materials, where pressure applied by clicking displaces positive and negative ions, creating a charge difference. This charge generates a spark as electrons jump through the air, ionizing it and forming a conductive path. The spark ignites the gas released from the stove burner. Electronic Mechanism: Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button. Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation. Flame-Based Mechanism: A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 (Correct): Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate a spark when mechanical pressure is applied. Statement 2 (Correct): Electronic stove lighters use batteries or an external power source to generate an ignition spark. Statement 3 (Incorrect): Piezoelectric lighters do not require recharging, as they generate electricity mechanically. About Stove Lighter: What is a Stove Lighter? A stove lighter is a compact device designed to create electric sparks that ignite gas stoves. It eliminates the need for matches, offering a safer and more efficient way to light stoves. Types of Stove Lighters: Manual Lighters: Use a piezoelectric mechanism where pressure generates a spark. Electronic Lighters: Operate on batteries to create sparks using an electric circuit. Flame-Based Lighters: Create a small flame using fuel (like butane) to ignite gas. How Does a Stove Lighter Work? Piezoelectric Mechanism: Contains piezoelectric materials, where pressure applied by clicking displaces positive and negative ions, creating a charge difference. This charge generates a spark as electrons jump through the air, ionizing it and forming a conductive path. The spark ignites the gas released from the stove burner. Electronic Mechanism: Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button. Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation. Flame-Based Mechanism: A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding stove lighters:

• Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate an electric spark.

• Electronic stove lighters require an external power source such as a battery.

• Piezoelectric lighters require regular recharging to function properly.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: A

Statement 1 (Correct): Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate a spark when mechanical pressure is applied.

Statement 2 (Correct): Electronic stove lighters use batteries or an external power source to generate an ignition spark.

Statement 3 (Incorrect): Piezoelectric lighters do not require recharging, as they generate electricity mechanically.

About Stove Lighter:

• What is a Stove Lighter? A stove lighter is a compact device designed to create electric sparks that ignite gas stoves. It eliminates the need for matches, offering a safer and more efficient way to light stoves.

• A stove lighter is a compact device designed to create electric sparks that ignite gas stoves. It eliminates the need for matches, offering a safer and more efficient way to light stoves.

• Types of Stove Lighters:

• Manual Lighters: Use a piezoelectric mechanism where pressure generates a spark. Electronic Lighters: Operate on batteries to create sparks using an electric circuit. Flame-Based Lighters: Create a small flame using fuel (like butane) to ignite gas.

• Manual Lighters: Use a piezoelectric mechanism where pressure generates a spark.

• Electronic Lighters: Operate on batteries to create sparks using an electric circuit.

• Flame-Based Lighters: Create a small flame using fuel (like butane) to ignite gas.

• How Does a Stove Lighter Work?

• Piezoelectric Mechanism: Contains piezoelectric materials, where pressure applied by clicking displaces positive and negative ions, creating a charge difference. This charge generates a spark as electrons jump through the air, ionizing it and forming a conductive path. The spark ignites the gas released from the stove burner. Electronic Mechanism: Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button. Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation. Flame-Based Mechanism: A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

• Contains piezoelectric materials, where pressure applied by clicking displaces positive and negative ions, creating a charge difference.

• This charge generates a spark as electrons jump through the air, ionizing it and forming a conductive path.

• The spark ignites the gas released from the stove burner.

• Electronic Mechanism: Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button. Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation.

• Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button.

• Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation.

• Flame-Based Mechanism: A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

• A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

Solution: A

Statement 1 (Correct): Piezoelectric lighters use quartz crystals to generate a spark when mechanical pressure is applied.

Statement 2 (Correct): Electronic stove lighters use batteries or an external power source to generate an ignition spark.

Statement 3 (Incorrect): Piezoelectric lighters do not require recharging, as they generate electricity mechanically.

About Stove Lighter:

• A stove lighter is a compact device designed to create electric sparks that ignite gas stoves. It eliminates the need for matches, offering a safer and more efficient way to light stoves.

• Types of Stove Lighters:

• Manual Lighters: Use a piezoelectric mechanism where pressure generates a spark.

• Electronic Lighters: Operate on batteries to create sparks using an electric circuit.

• Flame-Based Lighters: Create a small flame using fuel (like butane) to ignite gas.

• How Does a Stove Lighter Work?

• Contains piezoelectric materials, where pressure applied by clicking displaces positive and negative ions, creating a charge difference.

• This charge generates a spark as electrons jump through the air, ionizing it and forming a conductive path.

• The spark ignites the gas released from the stove burner.

• Electronic Mechanism: Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button. Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation.

• Uses a battery to power a small circuit that produces high-voltage sparks at the press of a button.

• Sparks ignite the gas for immediate flame generation.

• Flame-Based Mechanism: A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

• A small fuel reservoir releases gas, and a built-in spark ignites the flame, which lights the stove burner.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following was a key reason why the Goa Liberation Movement took longer compared to other princely states’ integration into India? a) Goan revolutionaries lacked external support and military capability. b) The Portuguese had strong international support and refused to negotiate. c) The Indian government had officially recognized Portuguese sovereignty over Goa. d) Goa had a separate treaty with India under the Instrument of Accession. Correct Solution: B Unlike the princely states that joined India through the Instrument of Accession, Goa remained under Portuguese control, as Portugal refused to negotiate or recognize India’s sovereignty over the region. Portugal, a NATO member, received diplomatic support from Western nations, delaying India’s efforts. About Goa Liberation Movement: Timeline and Background: Period: The liberation struggle gained momentum between 1954 and 1961. Reason: Goa was under Portuguese rule for over 450 years. The oppressive regime and economic exploitation fuelled nationalist sentiments. The turning point came in 1954 when India imposed an economic blockade after Portuguese suppression of satyagrahis. Key Events: 1954 Blockade: Following the arrest of satyagrahis, India severed Goa’s road, rail, and sea links. August 1955 Satyagraha: Thousands of satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa but faced violent retaliation from Portuguese forces. Operation Vijay (1961): The final military action by India, launched on 17th December 1961, led to the surrender of Portuguese forces and the liberation of Goa on 19th December 1961. Incorrect Solution: B Unlike the princely states that joined India through the Instrument of Accession, Goa remained under Portuguese control, as Portugal refused to negotiate or recognize India’s sovereignty over the region. Portugal, a NATO member, received diplomatic support from Western nations, delaying India’s efforts. About Goa Liberation Movement: Timeline and Background: Period: The liberation struggle gained momentum between 1954 and 1961. Reason: Goa was under Portuguese rule for over 450 years. The oppressive regime and economic exploitation fuelled nationalist sentiments. The turning point came in 1954 when India imposed an economic blockade after Portuguese suppression of satyagrahis. Key Events: 1954 Blockade: Following the arrest of satyagrahis, India severed Goa’s road, rail, and sea links. August 1955 Satyagraha: Thousands of satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa but faced violent retaliation from Portuguese forces. Operation Vijay (1961): The final military action by India, launched on 17th December 1961, led to the surrender of Portuguese forces and the liberation of Goa on 19th December 1961.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following was a key reason why the Goa Liberation Movement took longer compared to other princely states’ integration into India?

• a) Goan revolutionaries lacked external support and military capability.

• b) The Portuguese had strong international support and refused to negotiate.

• c) The Indian government had officially recognized Portuguese sovereignty over Goa.

• d) Goa had a separate treaty with India under the Instrument of Accession.

Solution: B

Unlike the princely states that joined India through the Instrument of Accession, Goa remained under Portuguese control, as Portugal refused to negotiate or recognize India’s sovereignty over the region. Portugal, a NATO member, received diplomatic support from Western nations, delaying India’s efforts.

About Goa Liberation Movement:

• Timeline and Background:

• Period: The liberation struggle gained momentum between 1954 and 1961. Reason: Goa was under Portuguese rule for over 450 years. The oppressive regime and economic exploitation fuelled nationalist sentiments. The turning point came in 1954 when India imposed an economic blockade after Portuguese suppression of satyagrahis.

• Period: The liberation struggle gained momentum between 1954 and 1961.

• Reason: Goa was under Portuguese rule for over 450 years. The oppressive regime and economic exploitation fuelled nationalist sentiments. The turning point came in 1954 when India imposed an economic blockade after Portuguese suppression of satyagrahis.

• Key Events:

• 1954 Blockade: Following the arrest of satyagrahis, India severed Goa’s road, rail, and sea links. August 1955 Satyagraha: Thousands of satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa but faced violent retaliation from Portuguese forces. Operation Vijay (1961): The final military action by India, launched on 17th December 1961, led to the surrender of Portuguese forces and the liberation of Goa on 19th December 1961.

• 1954 Blockade: Following the arrest of satyagrahis, India severed Goa’s road, rail, and sea links.

• August 1955 Satyagraha: Thousands of satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa but faced violent retaliation from Portuguese forces.

• Operation Vijay (1961): The final military action by India, launched on 17th December 1961, led to the surrender of Portuguese forces and the liberation of Goa on 19th December 1961.

Solution: B

About Goa Liberation Movement:

• Timeline and Background:

• Period: The liberation struggle gained momentum between 1954 and 1961.

• Key Events:

• 1954 Blockade: Following the arrest of satyagrahis, India severed Goa’s road, rail, and sea links.

• August 1955 Satyagraha: Thousands of satyagrahis attempted to enter Goa but faced violent retaliation from Portuguese forces.

• Operation Vijay (1961): The final military action by India, launched on 17th December 1961, led to the surrender of Portuguese forces and the liberation of Goa on 19th December 1961.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements about Lala Lajpat Rai: He played a key role in the establishment of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU). He was the first Indian to demand complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule. He founded the Servants of the People Society to promote social reforms. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 (Incorrect): The Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya, not Lala Lajpat Rai. Statement 2 (Incorrect): Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was first demanded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and later formalized in 1929 by the INC. Statement 3 (Correct): Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Servants of the People Society (1921) to promote education, social service, and nationalistic ideals. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 (Incorrect): The Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya, not Lala Lajpat Rai. Statement 2 (Incorrect): Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was first demanded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and later formalized in 1929 by the INC. Statement 3 (Correct): Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Servants of the People Society (1921) to promote education, social service, and nationalistic ideals.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about Lala Lajpat Rai:

• He played a key role in the establishment of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU).

• He was the first Indian to demand complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule.

• He founded the Servants of the People Society to promote social reforms.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 1 (Incorrect): The Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya, not Lala Lajpat Rai.

Statement 2 (Incorrect): Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was first demanded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and later formalized in 1929 by the INC.

Statement 3 (Correct): Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Servants of the People Society (1921) to promote education, social service, and nationalistic ideals.

Solution: B

Statement 1 (Incorrect): The Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was established by Madan Mohan Malaviya, not Lala Lajpat Rai.

Statement 2 (Incorrect): Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was first demanded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and later formalized in 1929 by the INC.

Statement 3 (Correct): Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Servants of the People Society (1921) to promote education, social service, and nationalistic ideals.

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