UPSC Editorials Quiz : 19 April 2024

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Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials, an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu. Best of luck! 🙂

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Indian leopards. Indian leopards are distributed only across a variety of forested habitats in India. Being apex predators, they sit at the top of the food chain. Western Ghats and Gangetic Plain has the highest population of leopards. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) are distributed across a variety of forested habitats in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of Pakistan. Being apex predators, they sit at the top of the food chain, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Like lions (Panthera leo), leopards came to India from the west, most likely Ethiopia. According to the recently released report, Central India and Eastern Ghats has the highest population of leopards (8,820), followed by the Western Ghats (3,596), and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains (1,109). Statewise, Madhya Pradesh boasts of the largest population of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra (1,985), Karnataka (1,879) and Tamil Nadu (1,070). Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) are distributed across a variety of forested habitats in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of Pakistan. Being apex predators, they sit at the top of the food chain, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Like lions (Panthera leo), leopards came to India from the west, most likely Ethiopia. According to the recently released report, Central India and Eastern Ghats has the highest population of leopards (8,820), followed by the Western Ghats (3,596), and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains (1,109). Statewise, Madhya Pradesh boasts of the largest population of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra (1,985), Karnataka (1,879) and Tamil Nadu (1,070). Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Indian leopards.

• Indian leopards are distributed only across a variety of forested habitats in India.

• Being apex predators, they sit at the top of the food chain.

• Western Ghats and Gangetic Plain has the highest population of leopards.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) are distributed across a variety of forested habitats in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and parts of Pakistan. Being apex predators, they sit at the top of the food chain, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Like lions (Panthera leo), leopards came to India from the west, most likely Ethiopia.

According to the recently released report, Central India and Eastern Ghats has the highest population of leopards (8,820), followed by the Western Ghats (3,596), and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains (1,109). Statewise, Madhya Pradesh boasts of the largest population of leopards (3,907), followed by Maharashtra (1,985), Karnataka (1,879) and Tamil Nadu (1,070).

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Grey zone warfare. Grey zone warfare means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations. Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare. Economic actions does not come under Grey zone warfare. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Grey zone warfare generally means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations. A multitude of activities fall into this murky in-between — from nefarious economic activities, influence operations, and cyberattacks to mercenary operations, assassinations, and disinformation campaigns. Other experts include economic actions too, such as debt traps and economic sanctions. Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War in 1945, led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Grey zone warfare generally means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations. A multitude of activities fall into this murky in-between — from nefarious economic activities, influence operations, and cyberattacks to mercenary operations, assassinations, and disinformation campaigns. Other experts include economic actions too, such as debt traps and economic sanctions. Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War in 1945, led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare. Source

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Grey zone warfare.

• Grey zone warfare means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations.

• Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare.

• Economic actions does not come under Grey zone warfare.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Grey zone warfare generally means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations.

A multitude of activities fall into this murky in-between — from nefarious economic activities, influence operations, and cyberattacks to mercenary operations, assassinations, and disinformation campaigns.

Other experts include economic actions too, such as debt traps and economic sanctions.

Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War in 1945, led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Grey zone warfare generally means a middle, unclear space that exists between direct conflict and peace in international relations.

Other experts include economic actions too, such as debt traps and economic sanctions.

Cold War era, which began after the end of the Second World War in 1945, led to conditions that favoured grey zone warfare.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question The term “Belem Declaration”, often seen in the news is related to a) Child labour b) Women Empowerment c) Artificial intelligence d) Amazon Rainforest Correct Solution: d) The Belem Declaration is a document that outlines 113 objectives and principles to strengthen cooperation for water management in the Amazon. The declaration was released during the Amazon Summit on August 8, 2023, and consolidates the consensus agenda of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela for the region. The declaration also recognizes Indigenous knowledge as a condition for biodiversity conservation, and calls for ensuring full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples in decision-making and public policy formulation processes. Incorrect Solution: d) The Belem Declaration is a document that outlines 113 objectives and principles to strengthen cooperation for water management in the Amazon. The declaration was released during the Amazon Summit on August 8, 2023, and consolidates the consensus agenda of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela for the region. The declaration also recognizes Indigenous knowledge as a condition for biodiversity conservation, and calls for ensuring full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples in decision-making and public policy formulation processes.

#### 3. Question

The term “Belem Declaration”, often seen in the news is related to

• a) Child labour

• b) Women Empowerment

• c) Artificial intelligence

• d) Amazon Rainforest

Solution: d)

The Belem Declaration is a document that outlines 113 objectives and principles to strengthen cooperation for water management in the Amazon. The declaration was released during the Amazon Summit on August 8, 2023, and consolidates the consensus agenda of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela for the region. The declaration also recognizes Indigenous knowledge as a condition for biodiversity conservation, and calls for ensuring full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples in decision-making and public policy formulation processes.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following is NOT a climate tipping point? a) Thawing Permafrost b) Frequent droughts in Amazon Rainforest c) Increasing La-Nina Effect d) Large scale death of Coral Reefs Correct Solution: c) A study suggests that climate change could push up to 30% of species over tipping points as their geographic ranges experience unforeseen temperatures. According to IPCC, tipping points are ‘critical thresholds in a system that, when exceeded, can lead to a significant change in the state of the system, often with an understanding that the change is irreversible.’ In the early 2000s, there was a general consensus among scientists that most tipping points could be reached in the event of a 4C increase in global temperatures. However, more recent assessments found that exceeding 1.5C of global warming risks crossing several of these thresholds. Incorrect Solution: c) A study suggests that climate change could push up to 30% of species over tipping points as their geographic ranges experience unforeseen temperatures. According to IPCC, tipping points are ‘critical thresholds in a system that, when exceeded, can lead to a significant change in the state of the system, often with an understanding that the change is irreversible.’ In the early 2000s, there was a general consensus among scientists that most tipping points could be reached in the event of a 4C increase in global temperatures. However, more recent assessments found that exceeding 1.5C of global warming risks crossing several of these thresholds.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following is NOT a climate tipping point?

• a) Thawing Permafrost

• b) Frequent droughts in Amazon Rainforest

• c) Increasing La-Nina Effect

• d) Large scale death of Coral Reefs

Solution: c)

A study suggests that climate change could push up to 30% of species over tipping points as their geographic ranges experience unforeseen temperatures.

According to IPCC, tipping points are ‘critical thresholds in a system that, when exceeded, can lead to a significant change in the state of the system, often with an understanding that the change is irreversible.’

In the early 2000s, there was a general consensus among scientists that most tipping points could be reached in the event of a 4C increase in global temperatures.

However, more recent assessments found that exceeding 1.5C of global warming risks crossing several of these thresholds.

Solution: c)

A study suggests that climate change could push up to 30% of species over tipping points as their geographic ranges experience unforeseen temperatures.

In the early 2000s, there was a general consensus among scientists that most tipping points could be reached in the event of a 4C increase in global temperatures.

However, more recent assessments found that exceeding 1.5C of global warming risks crossing several of these thresholds.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Surety bonds. A surety bond is provided by the insurance company on behalf of the contractor to the entity, which is awarding the project. It is aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance like road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). Unlike a bank guarantee, the Surety Bond Insurance does not require large collateral from the contractor thus freeing up significant funds for the contractor. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) A surety bond is provided by the insurance company on behalf of the contractor to the entity, which is awarding the project. When a principal breaks a bond’s terms, the harmed party can make a claim on the bond to recover losses. Aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance, particularly in the area of road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). Unlike a bank guarantee, the Surety Bond Insurance does not require large collateral from the contractor thus freeing up significant funds for the contractor, which they can utilize for the growth of the business. Incorrect Solution: d) A surety bond is provided by the insurance company on behalf of the contractor to the entity, which is awarding the project. When a principal breaks a bond’s terms, the harmed party can make a claim on the bond to recover losses. Aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance, particularly in the area of road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). Unlike a bank guarantee, the Surety Bond Insurance does not require large collateral from the contractor thus freeing up significant funds for the contractor, which they can utilize for the growth of the business.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Surety bonds.

• A surety bond is provided by the insurance company on behalf of the contractor to the entity, which is awarding the project.

• It is aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance like road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

• Unlike a bank guarantee, the Surety Bond Insurance does not require large collateral from the contractor thus freeing up significant funds for the contractor.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

A surety bond is provided by the insurance company on behalf of the contractor to the entity, which is awarding the project. When a principal breaks a bond’s terms, the harmed party can make a claim on the bond to recover losses.

Aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance, particularly in the area of road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

Unlike a bank guarantee, the Surety Bond Insurance does not require large collateral from the contractor thus freeing up significant funds for the contractor, which they can utilize for the growth of the business.

Solution: d)

Aimed at supporting the implementation of large-scale project finance, particularly in the area of road projects of National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).

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