UPSC Editorials Quiz : 16 June 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Provisional Estimates of GDP in India: These estimates are the first official data released for a financial year, typically in January. They are compiled by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). Once released, these figures are considered final and are not subject to further revision. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Provisional Estimates are released in May, at the end of the financial year, incorporating data from all four quarters. The first data for a financial year are the First Advance Estimates, which are released in January. Statement 2 is correct. The responsibility for compiling and releasing national income data, including the various estimates of GDP, lies with the National Statistical Office (NSO), which operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). This ministry is the nodal agency for all statistical activities in the country. Statement 3 is incorrect. A key characteristic of Provisional GDP estimates is that they are explicitly subject to revision. As more comprehensive and accurate data from various sectors of the economy becomes available over time, these estimates are updated. The revision cycle can continue for up to two years, leading to the release of ‘Revised Estimates’ that provide a more accurate picture of the economic performance during that financial year. What is Provisional GDP? Definition: Provisional GDP refers to national income and output data released at the end of the financial year, incorporating all four quarters. These figures are subject to revision as more accurate data becomes available. Released by: MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation). Revision Cycle: First Advance Estimates: January Second Advance Estimates: February Provisional Estimates: May Revised Estimates: Over the next two years Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Provisional Estimates are released in May, at the end of the financial year, incorporating data from all four quarters. The first data for a financial year are the First Advance Estimates, which are released in January. Statement 2 is correct. The responsibility for compiling and releasing national income data, including the various estimates of GDP, lies with the National Statistical Office (NSO), which operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). This ministry is the nodal agency for all statistical activities in the country. Statement 3 is incorrect. A key characteristic of Provisional GDP estimates is that they are explicitly subject to revision. As more comprehensive and accurate data from various sectors of the economy becomes available over time, these estimates are updated. The revision cycle can continue for up to two years, leading to the release of ‘Revised Estimates’ that provide a more accurate picture of the economic performance during that financial year. What is Provisional GDP? Definition: Provisional GDP refers to national income and output data released at the end of the financial year, incorporating all four quarters. These figures are subject to revision as more accurate data becomes available. Released by: MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation). Revision Cycle: First Advance Estimates: January Second Advance Estimates: February Provisional Estimates: May Revised Estimates: Over the next two years

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Provisional Estimates of GDP in India:

• These estimates are the first official data released for a financial year, typically in January.

• They are compiled by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

• Once released, these figures are considered final and are not subject to further revision.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Provisional Estimates are released in May, at the end of the financial year, incorporating data from all four quarters. The first data for a financial year are the First Advance Estimates, which are released in January.

• Statement 2 is correct. The responsibility for compiling and releasing national income data, including the various estimates of GDP, lies with the National Statistical Office (NSO), which operates under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). This ministry is the nodal agency for all statistical activities in the country.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. A key characteristic of Provisional GDP estimates is that they are explicitly subject to revision. As more comprehensive and accurate data from various sectors of the economy becomes available over time, these estimates are updated. The revision cycle can continue for up to two years, leading to the release of ‘Revised Estimates’ that provide a more accurate picture of the economic performance during that financial year.

What is Provisional GDP?

• Definition: Provisional GDP refers to national income and output data released at the end of the financial year, incorporating all four quarters. These figures are subject to revision as more accurate data becomes available.

• Released by: MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation).

• Revision Cycle: First Advance Estimates: January Second Advance Estimates: February Provisional Estimates: May Revised Estimates: Over the next two years

• First Advance Estimates: January

• Second Advance Estimates: February

• Provisional Estimates: May

• Revised Estimates: Over the next two years

Solution: a)

What is Provisional GDP?

• Released by: MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation).

• Revision Cycle: First Advance Estimates: January Second Advance Estimates: February Provisional Estimates: May Revised Estimates: Over the next two years

• First Advance Estimates: January

• Second Advance Estimates: February

• Provisional Estimates: May

• Revised Estimates: Over the next two years

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the causes of landslides in India: The continuous tectonic movement of the Indian plate is a significant geological factor contributing to the fragility of rock structures in the Himalayas. Anthropogenic activities such as unregulated urbanisation and road construction have a negligible impact on slope stability. Intense and prolonged rainfall is a primary trigger for debris flows, particularly in the Western Ghats and Himalayan regions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Indian tectonic plate is continuously moving northwards and colliding with the Eurasian plate at a rate of approximately 5 cm per year. This immense geological pressure makes the Himalayas tectonically active and geologically fragile. The constant stress leads to weak rock structures, seismic activity, and fractured terrains, which are inherently susceptible to mass movements like landslides. Statement 2 is incorrect. Anthropogenic (human-induced) activities have a significant, not negligible, impact on slope stability. Activities such as deforestation (which removes the binding root systems), unregulated construction on slopes (which adds weight and alters drainage), and improper road construction and mining (which involves blasting and undercutting slopes) destabilize the natural soil and rock layers, making them highly prone to failure. Statement 3 is correct. Heavy rainfall is a major triggering factor for landslides in India. Intense and prolonged precipitation saturates the soil and rock, increasing its weight and pore water pressure. This reduces the frictional strength of the slope material, often leading to failure. Debris flows, a common and dangerous type of landslide, are frequently initiated by such rainfall events, especially during the monsoon season in the steep terrains of the Western Ghats and the Himalayas. What is a Landslide? A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference. India’s Vulnerability: Around 15% of India’s landmass is landslide-prone (NDMA), especially the Himalayas, North-East, Western Ghats, and Nilgiris. Types of Landslides in India: Debris Flow: Common during monsoon in Western Ghats and Himalayas. Rockfalls: Observed in steep Himalayan terrains. Creeping Landslides: Slow and progressive, seen in Sikkim and Darjeeling. Causes of Landslides in India: Geological Factors: Fragile rock structures due to tectonic movement of the Indian plate at ~5 cm/year (Geological Survey of India). Heavy Rainfall: Intense and prolonged rainfall triggers slope failures, e.g., Malpha (Pithoragarh) and Okhimath (Chamoli). Seismic Activity: Earthquakes in Himalayan zones weaken slopes and trigger landslides. Deforestation & Urbanisation: Removal of vegetation and unregulated construction destabilizes soil layers. Road Construction & Mining: Blasting and excavation alter natural slopes, making them prone to collapse. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Indian tectonic plate is continuously moving northwards and colliding with the Eurasian plate at a rate of approximately 5 cm per year. This immense geological pressure makes the Himalayas tectonically active and geologically fragile. The constant stress leads to weak rock structures, seismic activity, and fractured terrains, which are inherently susceptible to mass movements like landslides. Statement 2 is incorrect. Anthropogenic (human-induced) activities have a significant, not negligible, impact on slope stability. Activities such as deforestation (which removes the binding root systems), unregulated construction on slopes (which adds weight and alters drainage), and improper road construction and mining (which involves blasting and undercutting slopes) destabilize the natural soil and rock layers, making them highly prone to failure. Statement 3 is correct. Heavy rainfall is a major triggering factor for landslides in India. Intense and prolonged precipitation saturates the soil and rock, increasing its weight and pore water pressure. This reduces the frictional strength of the slope material, often leading to failure. Debris flows, a common and dangerous type of landslide, are frequently initiated by such rainfall events, especially during the monsoon season in the steep terrains of the Western Ghats and the Himalayas. What is a Landslide? A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference. India’s Vulnerability: Around 15% of India’s landmass is landslide-prone (NDMA), especially the Himalayas, North-East, Western Ghats, and Nilgiris. Types of Landslides in India: Debris Flow: Common during monsoon in Western Ghats and Himalayas. Rockfalls: Observed in steep Himalayan terrains. Creeping Landslides: Slow and progressive, seen in Sikkim and Darjeeling. Causes of Landslides in India: Geological Factors: Fragile rock structures due to tectonic movement of the Indian plate at ~5 cm/year (Geological Survey of India). Heavy Rainfall: Intense and prolonged rainfall triggers slope failures, e.g., Malpha (Pithoragarh) and Okhimath (Chamoli). Seismic Activity: Earthquakes in Himalayan zones weaken slopes and trigger landslides. Deforestation & Urbanisation: Removal of vegetation and unregulated construction destabilizes soil layers. Road Construction & Mining: Blasting and excavation alter natural slopes, making them prone to collapse.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the causes of landslides in India:

• The continuous tectonic movement of the Indian plate is a significant geological factor contributing to the fragility of rock structures in the Himalayas.

• Anthropogenic activities such as unregulated urbanisation and road construction have a negligible impact on slope stability.

• Intense and prolonged rainfall is a primary trigger for debris flows, particularly in the Western Ghats and Himalayan regions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct. The Indian tectonic plate is continuously moving northwards and colliding with the Eurasian plate at a rate of approximately 5 cm per year. This immense geological pressure makes the Himalayas tectonically active and geologically fragile. The constant stress leads to weak rock structures, seismic activity, and fractured terrains, which are inherently susceptible to mass movements like landslides.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Anthropogenic (human-induced) activities have a significant, not negligible, impact on slope stability. Activities such as deforestation (which removes the binding root systems), unregulated construction on slopes (which adds weight and alters drainage), and improper road construction and mining (which involves blasting and undercutting slopes) destabilize the natural soil and rock layers, making them highly prone to failure.

• Statement 3 is correct. Heavy rainfall is a major triggering factor for landslides in India. Intense and prolonged precipitation saturates the soil and rock, increasing its weight and pore water pressure. This reduces the frictional strength of the slope material, often leading to failure. Debris flows, a common and dangerous type of landslide, are frequently initiated by such rainfall events, especially during the monsoon season in the steep terrains of the Western Ghats and the Himalayas.

• What is a Landslide? A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference.

• A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference.

• India’s Vulnerability: Around 15% of India’s landmass is landslide-prone (NDMA), especially the Himalayas, North-East, Western Ghats, and Nilgiris.

• Types of Landslides in India: Debris Flow: Common during monsoon in Western Ghats and Himalayas. Rockfalls: Observed in steep Himalayan terrains. Creeping Landslides: Slow and progressive, seen in Sikkim and Darjeeling.

• Debris Flow: Common during monsoon in Western Ghats and Himalayas.

• Rockfalls: Observed in steep Himalayan terrains.

• Creeping Landslides: Slow and progressive, seen in Sikkim and Darjeeling.

Causes of Landslides in India:

• Geological Factors: Fragile rock structures due to tectonic movement of the Indian plate at ~5 cm/year (Geological Survey of India).

• Heavy Rainfall: Intense and prolonged rainfall triggers slope failures, e.g., Malpha (Pithoragarh) and Okhimath (Chamoli).

• Seismic Activity: Earthquakes in Himalayan zones weaken slopes and trigger landslides.

• Deforestation & Urbanisation: Removal of vegetation and unregulated construction destabilizes soil layers.

• Road Construction & Mining: Blasting and excavation alter natural slopes, making them prone to collapse.

Solution: b)

• What is a Landslide? A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference.

• A landslide is the sudden downward movement of rock, earth, or debris due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall, seismic activity, or human interference.

• India’s Vulnerability: Around 15% of India’s landmass is landslide-prone (NDMA), especially the Himalayas, North-East, Western Ghats, and Nilgiris.

• Debris Flow: Common during monsoon in Western Ghats and Himalayas.

• Rockfalls: Observed in steep Himalayan terrains.

• Creeping Landslides: Slow and progressive, seen in Sikkim and Darjeeling.

Causes of Landslides in India:

• Geological Factors: Fragile rock structures due to tectonic movement of the Indian plate at ~5 cm/year (Geological Survey of India).

• Heavy Rainfall: Intense and prolonged rainfall triggers slope failures, e.g., Malpha (Pithoragarh) and Okhimath (Chamoli).

• Seismic Activity: Earthquakes in Himalayan zones weaken slopes and trigger landslides.

• Deforestation & Urbanisation: Removal of vegetation and unregulated construction destabilizes soil layers.

• Road Construction & Mining: Blasting and excavation alter natural slopes, making them prone to collapse.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines for landslide management, consider the following measures: Preparation of Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps. Discouraging any form of construction or excavation in highly vulnerable zones. Focusing exclusively on post-disaster relief and compensation. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. A cornerstone of NDMA’s strategy is proactive risk assessment. This involves the creation of Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps, which classify land areas based on their degree of susceptibility to landslides. These maps are critical for urban planning, infrastructure development, and issuing warnings. Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines emphasize mitigation and prevention through land-use regulation. This includes enforcing norms that restrict or prohibit new construction in zones identified as highly vulnerable on LHZ maps. The aim is to prevent the creation of new risks. The guidelines also advocate for strict regulations on excavation and the implementation of slope stability measures like retaining walls. Statement 3 is incorrect. The NDMA guidelines promote a holistic and multi-pronged approach that covers all phases of the disaster management cycle, not just the post-disaster phase. The focus is heavily on pre-disaster measures, including hazard mapping, early warning systems, preparedness, capacity building, and infrastructure measures like slope re-engineering and afforestation. NDMA Guidelines for Landslide Management: Hazard Zonation Maps: LHZ maps at 1:50,000 scale being prepared by NRSC, IITs, DST. E.g., NRSC Atlas for Uttarakhand corridors. Early Warning Systems (EWS): Use of real-time monitoring, stress sensors, remote sensing, and GIS for timely alerts. Land Use Regulation: No construction in vulnerable zones, excavation norms, and slope stability measures like rock bolting and retaining walls. Preparedness & Capacity Building: Disaster training in schools, simulation drills, and awareness campaigns in hilly districts. Infrastructure Measures: Drainage improvement, vegetation cover restoration, and slope reengineering. Insurance & Compensation: Encouraging landslide insurance and quick relief disbursals to affected families. Research & Development: DST supports over 30 research projects to improve landslide prediction and mitigation technologies. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. A cornerstone of NDMA’s strategy is proactive risk assessment. This involves the creation of Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps, which classify land areas based on their degree of susceptibility to landslides. These maps are critical for urban planning, infrastructure development, and issuing warnings. Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines emphasize mitigation and prevention through land-use regulation. This includes enforcing norms that restrict or prohibit new construction in zones identified as highly vulnerable on LHZ maps. The aim is to prevent the creation of new risks. The guidelines also advocate for strict regulations on excavation and the implementation of slope stability measures like retaining walls. Statement 3 is incorrect. The NDMA guidelines promote a holistic and multi-pronged approach that covers all phases of the disaster management cycle, not just the post-disaster phase. The focus is heavily on pre-disaster measures, including hazard mapping, early warning systems, preparedness, capacity building, and infrastructure measures like slope re-engineering and afforestation. NDMA Guidelines for Landslide Management: Hazard Zonation Maps: LHZ maps at 1:50,000 scale being prepared by NRSC, IITs, DST. E.g., NRSC Atlas for Uttarakhand corridors. Early Warning Systems (EWS): Use of real-time monitoring, stress sensors, remote sensing, and GIS for timely alerts. Land Use Regulation: No construction in vulnerable zones, excavation norms, and slope stability measures like rock bolting and retaining walls. Preparedness & Capacity Building: Disaster training in schools, simulation drills, and awareness campaigns in hilly districts. Infrastructure Measures: Drainage improvement, vegetation cover restoration, and slope reengineering. Insurance & Compensation: Encouraging landslide insurance and quick relief disbursals to affected families. Research & Development: DST supports over 30 research projects to improve landslide prediction and mitigation technologies.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines for landslide management, consider the following measures:

• Preparation of Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps.

• Discouraging any form of construction or excavation in highly vulnerable zones.

• Focusing exclusively on post-disaster relief and compensation.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct. A cornerstone of NDMA’s strategy is proactive risk assessment. This involves the creation of Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) maps, which classify land areas based on their degree of susceptibility to landslides. These maps are critical for urban planning, infrastructure development, and issuing warnings.

• Statement 2 is correct. The guidelines emphasize mitigation and prevention through land-use regulation. This includes enforcing norms that restrict or prohibit new construction in zones identified as highly vulnerable on LHZ maps. The aim is to prevent the creation of new risks. The guidelines also advocate for strict regulations on excavation and the implementation of slope stability measures like retaining walls.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The NDMA guidelines promote a holistic and multi-pronged approach that covers all phases of the disaster management cycle, not just the post-disaster phase. The focus is heavily on pre-disaster measures, including hazard mapping, early warning systems, preparedness, capacity building, and infrastructure measures like slope re-engineering and afforestation.

NDMA Guidelines for Landslide Management:

• Hazard Zonation Maps: LHZ maps at 1:50,000 scale being prepared by NRSC, IITs, DST.

E.g., NRSC Atlas for Uttarakhand corridors.

• Early Warning Systems (EWS): Use of real-time monitoring, stress sensors, remote sensing, and GIS for timely alerts.

• Land Use Regulation: No construction in vulnerable zones, excavation norms, and slope stability measures like rock bolting and retaining walls.

• Preparedness & Capacity Building: Disaster training in schools, simulation drills, and awareness campaigns in hilly districts.

• Infrastructure Measures: Drainage improvement, vegetation cover restoration, and slope reengineering.

• Insurance & Compensation: Encouraging landslide insurance and quick relief disbursals to affected families.

• Research & Development: DST supports over 30 research projects to improve landslide prediction and mitigation technologies.

Solution: b)

NDMA Guidelines for Landslide Management:

• Hazard Zonation Maps: LHZ maps at 1:50,000 scale being prepared by NRSC, IITs, DST.

E.g., NRSC Atlas for Uttarakhand corridors.

• Early Warning Systems (EWS): Use of real-time monitoring, stress sensors, remote sensing, and GIS for timely alerts.

• Land Use Regulation: No construction in vulnerable zones, excavation norms, and slope stability measures like rock bolting and retaining walls.

• Preparedness & Capacity Building: Disaster training in schools, simulation drills, and awareness campaigns in hilly districts.

• Infrastructure Measures: Drainage improvement, vegetation cover restoration, and slope reengineering.

• Insurance & Compensation: Encouraging landslide insurance and quick relief disbursals to affected families.

• Research & Development: DST supports over 30 research projects to improve landslide prediction and mitigation technologies.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question The term ‘Address-as-a-Service (AaaS)’ is most accurately associated with which one of the following recent government initiatives? (a) IndiaAI Mission (b) DHRUVA (c) Ghatampur Thermal Power Project (d) National Florence Nightingale Awards Correct Solution: b) The concept of ‘Address-as-a-Service’ (AaaS) is a central feature of the DHRUVA (Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address) DHRUVA is not just about creating a static digital address; it aims to build a dynamic service layer on top of the address infrastructure. As an AaaS, it allows various platforms (like e-commerce, banking, or government services) to validate, manage, and securely share address data with user consent. This service-oriented approach means that instead of users repeatedly entering their addresses, applications can securely request and verify this information through the DHRUVA framework, streamlining processes like KYC, logistics, and subsidy delivery. Incorrect Solution: b) The concept of ‘Address-as-a-Service’ (AaaS) is a central feature of the DHRUVA (Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address) DHRUVA is not just about creating a static digital address; it aims to build a dynamic service layer on top of the address infrastructure. As an AaaS, it allows various platforms (like e-commerce, banking, or government services) to validate, manage, and securely share address data with user consent. This service-oriented approach means that instead of users repeatedly entering their addresses, applications can securely request and verify this information through the DHRUVA framework, streamlining processes like KYC, logistics, and subsidy delivery.

#### 4. Question

The term ‘Address-as-a-Service (AaaS)’ is most accurately associated with which one of the following recent government initiatives?

• (a) IndiaAI Mission

• (b) DHRUVA

• (c) Ghatampur Thermal Power Project

• (d) National Florence Nightingale Awards

Solution: b)

• The concept of ‘Address-as-a-Service’ (AaaS) is a central feature of the DHRUVA (Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address) DHRUVA is not just about creating a static digital address; it aims to build a dynamic service layer on top of the address infrastructure.

• As an AaaS, it allows various platforms (like e-commerce, banking, or government services) to validate, manage, and securely share address data with user consent. This service-oriented approach means that instead of users repeatedly entering their addresses, applications can securely request and verify this information through the DHRUVA framework, streamlining processes like KYC, logistics, and subsidy delivery.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding India’s first indigenous thrombectomy device: It is primarily used for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke. Its development was financially supported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The device works by deploying clot-busting drugs directly into the blocked artery. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect. The device is a mechanical thrombectomy kit used to treat acute ischemic stroke, not hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage (blood clot) in an artery supplying blood to the brain. Hemorrhagic stroke, in contrast, is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel and bleeding in the brain. The treatments for these two types of stroke are fundamentally different. Statement 2 is incorrect. The financial assistance for the development of this device was provided by the Technology Development Board (TDB), an autonomous body under the Department of Science & Technology (DST). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is involved in public health delivery (e.g., potential use under Ayushman Bharat) but was not the funding agency for this specific R&D project. Statement 3 is incorrect. The device performs a mechanical thrombectomy. This is a physical procedure. It does not rely on clot-busting drugs (thrombolysis). Instead, it uses specialized tools like stent retrievers and aspiration catheters to physically enter the artery, capture the blood clot, and remove it from the vessel, thereby mechanically restoring blood flow. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect. The device is a mechanical thrombectomy kit used to treat acute ischemic stroke, not hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage (blood clot) in an artery supplying blood to the brain. Hemorrhagic stroke, in contrast, is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel and bleeding in the brain. The treatments for these two types of stroke are fundamentally different. Statement 2 is incorrect. The financial assistance for the development of this device was provided by the Technology Development Board (TDB), an autonomous body under the Department of Science & Technology (DST). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is involved in public health delivery (e.g., potential use under Ayushman Bharat) but was not the funding agency for this specific R&D project. Statement 3 is incorrect. The device performs a mechanical thrombectomy. This is a physical procedure. It does not rely on clot-busting drugs (thrombolysis). Instead, it uses specialized tools like stent retrievers and aspiration catheters to physically enter the artery, capture the blood clot, and remove it from the vessel, thereby mechanically restoring blood flow.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s first indigenous thrombectomy device:

• It is primarily used for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke.

• Its development was financially supported by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

• The device works by deploying clot-busting drugs directly into the blocked artery.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: d)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The device is a mechanical thrombectomy kit used to treat acute ischemic stroke, not hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage (blood clot) in an artery supplying blood to the brain. Hemorrhagic stroke, in contrast, is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel and bleeding in the brain. The treatments for these two types of stroke are fundamentally different.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The financial assistance for the development of this device was provided by the Technology Development Board (TDB), an autonomous body under the Department of Science & Technology (DST). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is involved in public health delivery (e.g., potential use under Ayushman Bharat) but was not the funding agency for this specific R&D project.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The device performs a mechanical thrombectomy. This is a physical procedure. It does not rely on clot-busting drugs (thrombolysis). Instead, it uses specialized tools like stent retrievers and aspiration catheters to physically enter the artery, capture the blood clot, and remove it from the vessel, thereby mechanically restoring blood flow.

Solution: d)

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