UPSC Editorials Quiz : 15 March 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements. Nominal GDP growth rates are essentially derived from real GDP data after removing the effect of inflation. The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 stated that the revenue deficit of the union government should not exceed 3% of GDP. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. The nominal GDP growth rate — the rate at which GDP grows, inclusive of inflation — is possibly the most important data mentioned in the Budget since it forms the base for all other calculations. For instance, the fiscal deficit (read borrowings) targets are set as a percentage of (nominal) GDP. So if the nominal GDP is small, the amount of money that the government can borrow is also smaller. Like all nominal data, the nominal GDP is the actual data that is observed in the economy; the real GDP and the real GDP growth rates etc. are essentially derived from nominal data after removing the effect of inflation. The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 stated that the fiscal deficit of the union government should not exceed 3% of GDP. It also set another key marker: The revenue deficit — the gap between the government’s everyday expenses (say salaries and pensions) and everyday earnings (taxes, cesses etc) — should be zero. The dual stipulation — fiscal deficit at 3% and revenue deficit at 0% — is essentially meant to ensure that all the money that the government borrows is spent towards the creation of new productive assets. Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. The nominal GDP growth rate — the rate at which GDP grows, inclusive of inflation — is possibly the most important data mentioned in the Budget since it forms the base for all other calculations. For instance, the fiscal deficit (read borrowings) targets are set as a percentage of (nominal) GDP. So if the nominal GDP is small, the amount of money that the government can borrow is also smaller. Like all nominal data, the nominal GDP is the actual data that is observed in the economy; the real GDP and the real GDP growth rates etc. are essentially derived from nominal data after removing the effect of inflation. The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 stated that the fiscal deficit of the union government should not exceed 3% of GDP. It also set another key marker: The revenue deficit — the gap between the government’s everyday expenses (say salaries and pensions) and everyday earnings (taxes, cesses etc) — should be zero. The dual stipulation — fiscal deficit at 3% and revenue deficit at 0% — is essentially meant to ensure that all the money that the government borrows is spent towards the creation of new productive assets. Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Nominal GDP growth rates are essentially derived from real GDP data after removing the effect of inflation.

• The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income.

• The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 stated that the revenue deficit of the union government should not exceed 3% of GDP.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

The nominal GDP growth rate — the rate at which GDP grows, inclusive of inflation — is possibly the most important data mentioned in the Budget since it forms the base for all other calculations. For instance, the fiscal deficit (read borrowings) targets are set as a percentage of (nominal) GDP. So if the nominal GDP is small, the amount of money that the government can borrow is also smaller.

Like all nominal data, the nominal GDP is the actual data that is observed in the economy; the real GDP and the real GDP growth rates etc. are essentially derived from nominal data after removing the effect of inflation.

The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income.

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 stated that the fiscal deficit of the union government should not exceed 3% of GDP. It also set another key marker: The revenue deficit — the gap between the government’s everyday expenses (say salaries and pensions) and everyday earnings (taxes, cesses etc) — should be zero.

The dual stipulation — fiscal deficit at 3% and revenue deficit at 0% — is essentially meant to ensure that all the money that the government borrows is spent towards the creation of new productive assets.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

The fiscal deficit is essentially the amount of borrowing that the government is forced to have when it can’t meet all its expenses with its income.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. The Constitution of India does not mention Deputy Chief Minister. The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state). The rules specify that there cannot be more than 3 Deputy Chief Ministers in a state. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Article 163(1) of the Constitution says “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions”. Neither Article 163 nor Article 164 (“Other provisions as to Ministers”), sub clause (1) of which says “the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister”, mentions a Deputy Chief Minister. The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state). The Deputy CM enjoys the same pay and perks as a Cabinet Minister. At least 13 other states in the country apart from Bihar currently have Deputy CMs. The highest of these is in Andhra Pradesh, having five Deputies. Source Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Article 163(1) of the Constitution says “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions”. Neither Article 163 nor Article 164 (“Other provisions as to Ministers”), sub clause (1) of which says “the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister”, mentions a Deputy Chief Minister. The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state). The Deputy CM enjoys the same pay and perks as a Cabinet Minister. At least 13 other states in the country apart from Bihar currently have Deputy CMs. The highest of these is in Andhra Pradesh, having five Deputies. Source

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

• The Constitution of India does not mention Deputy Chief Minister.

• The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state).

• The rules specify that there cannot be more than 3 Deputy Chief Ministers in a state.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Article 163(1) of the Constitution says “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions”.

Neither Article 163 nor Article 164 (“Other provisions as to Ministers”), sub clause (1) of which says “the Chief Minister shall be appointed by the Governor and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister”, mentions a Deputy Chief Minister.

The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state). The Deputy CM enjoys the same pay and perks as a Cabinet Minister.

At least 13 other states in the country apart from Bihar currently have Deputy CMs. The highest of these is in Andhra Pradesh, having five Deputies.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Article 163(1) of the Constitution says “there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of his functions”.

The post of Deputy CM is understood as being equivalent in rank to that of Cabinet Minister (in the state). The Deputy CM enjoys the same pay and perks as a Cabinet Minister.

At least 13 other states in the country apart from Bihar currently have Deputy CMs. The highest of these is in Andhra Pradesh, having five Deputies.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the second most commonly used fertiliser in India after urea. It stimulates root establishment and development. It is applied just before, or at the time of sowing. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) DAP, or di-ammonium phosphate, is the second most commonly used fertiliser in India after urea. It is high in phosphorus (P) that stimulates root establishment and development — without which plants cannot grow to their normal size, or will take too long to mature. It is thus applied just before, or at the time of sowing. Unlike conventional DAP, which comes in granular form, IFFCO’s Nano DAP is in liquid form. Source Incorrect Solution: c) DAP, or di-ammonium phosphate, is the second most commonly used fertiliser in India after urea. It is high in phosphorus (P) that stimulates root establishment and development — without which plants cannot grow to their normal size, or will take too long to mature. It is thus applied just before, or at the time of sowing. Unlike conventional DAP, which comes in granular form, IFFCO’s Nano DAP is in liquid form. Source

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP).

• Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the second most commonly used fertiliser in India after urea.

• It stimulates root establishment and development.

• It is applied just before, or at the time of sowing.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

DAP, or di-ammonium phosphate, is the second most commonly used fertiliser in India after urea. It is high in phosphorus (P) that stimulates root establishment and development — without which plants cannot grow to their normal size, or will take too long to mature. It is thus applied just before, or at the time of sowing.

Unlike conventional DAP, which comes in granular form, IFFCO’s Nano DAP is in liquid form.

Solution: c)

Unlike conventional DAP, which comes in granular form, IFFCO’s Nano DAP is in liquid form.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Ramsar Convention. Designation of a wetland under Ramsar Convention will lead to funding from the Ramsar secretariat. Every Ramsar Site in India is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The Ramsar designation for a wetland can be taken off if the country does not meet the required standards. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. Ramsar secretariat designating a wetland as wetland of global importance may not lead to any extra funding by the global body. But from the management point of view, it is like an accreditation. It is like an ISO certification. They can take you off the list as well if you don’t meet their standards continuously. Not every Ramsar Site is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. Ramsar secretariat designating a wetland as wetland of global importance may not lead to any extra funding by the global body. But from the management point of view, it is like an accreditation. It is like an ISO certification. They can take you off the list as well if you don’t meet their standards continuously. Not every Ramsar Site is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Ramsar Convention.

• Designation of a wetland under Ramsar Convention will lead to funding from the Ramsar secretariat.

• Every Ramsar Site in India is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

• The Ramsar designation for a wetland can be taken off if the country does not meet the required standards.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Only statement 3 is correct.

Ramsar secretariat designating a wetland as wetland of global importance may not lead to any extra funding by the global body.

But from the management point of view, it is like an accreditation. It is like an ISO certification. They can take you off the list as well if you don’t meet their standards continuously.

Not every Ramsar Site is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

Solution: a)

Only statement 3 is correct.

Ramsar secretariat designating a wetland as wetland of global importance may not lead to any extra funding by the global body.

But from the management point of view, it is like an accreditation. It is like an ISO certification. They can take you off the list as well if you don’t meet their standards continuously.

Not every Ramsar Site is a notified protected area under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Comets. Comets are frozen rocky or gas-filled objects that are remnants of the formation of the solar system. Like other bodies in space, comets do not have any orbits. Sometimes comets are pulled in close to the sun because of the sun’s gravity acting on them. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Comets are frozen rocky or gas-filled objects that are remnants of the formation of the solar system. Due to their composition, characteristics and the path they move in, they tend to leave a light behind them. Just like other bodies in space, comets also have orbits. They are sometimes pulled in close to the sun because of the sun’s gravity acting on them. NASA explains that as they orbit near the Sun, “They heat up and spew gases and dust into a glowing head that can be larger than a planet”. The remains of dust following this burning up, from a distance, look like a trail of light to humans on Earth. Comets, therefore, have often been seen giving out blue or whiteish light, or even green. In this case, the green glow “is thought to arise from the presence of diatomic carbon – pairs of carbon atoms that are bound together – in the head of the comet. The molecule emits green light when excited by the ultraviolet rays in solar radiation. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Comets are frozen rocky or gas-filled objects that are remnants of the formation of the solar system. Due to their composition, characteristics and the path they move in, they tend to leave a light behind them. Just like other bodies in space, comets also have orbits. They are sometimes pulled in close to the sun because of the sun’s gravity acting on them. NASA explains that as they orbit near the Sun, “They heat up and spew gases and dust into a glowing head that can be larger than a planet”. The remains of dust following this burning up, from a distance, look like a trail of light to humans on Earth. Comets, therefore, have often been seen giving out blue or whiteish light, or even green. In this case, the green glow “is thought to arise from the presence of diatomic carbon – pairs of carbon atoms that are bound together – in the head of the comet. The molecule emits green light when excited by the ultraviolet rays in solar radiation.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Comets.

• Comets are frozen rocky or gas-filled objects that are remnants of the formation of the solar system.

• Like other bodies in space, comets do not have any orbits.

• Sometimes comets are pulled in close to the sun because of the sun’s gravity acting on them.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Comets are frozen rocky or gas-filled objects that are remnants of the formation of the solar system. Due to their composition, characteristics and the path they move in, they tend to leave a light behind them.

Just like other bodies in space, comets also have orbits. They are sometimes pulled in close to the sun because of the sun’s gravity acting on them. NASA explains that as they orbit near the Sun, “They heat up and spew gases and dust into a glowing head that can be larger than a planet”. The remains of dust following this burning up, from a distance, look like a trail of light to humans on Earth. Comets, therefore, have often been seen giving out blue or whiteish light, or even green.

In this case, the green glow “is thought to arise from the presence of diatomic carbon – pairs of carbon atoms that are bound together – in the head of the comet. The molecule emits green light when excited by the ultraviolet rays in solar radiation.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

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