UPSC Editorials Quiz : 12 November 2024

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the rights and autonomy of minority institutions in India: Minority institutions cannot admit non-minority students under any circumstances. Minority institutions are entirely exempt from educational quality standards set by the government. The Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014) ruling granted minority institutions exemption from RTE Act’s reservation provisions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. In Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court ruled that minority institutions are exempt from the reservation provisions of the Right to Education (RTE) Act. Statement 1 is incorrect because minority institutions can admit non-minority students, although they may have quotas or reserved seats for minority students based on the institution’s founding purpose. Statement 2 is also incorrect because minority institutions must adhere to national standards of quality to ensure they provide proper education, although they enjoy certain autonomies in administration and admissions. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. In Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court ruled that minority institutions are exempt from the reservation provisions of the Right to Education (RTE) Act. Statement 1 is incorrect because minority institutions can admit non-minority students, although they may have quotas or reserved seats for minority students based on the institution’s founding purpose. Statement 2 is also incorrect because minority institutions must adhere to national standards of quality to ensure they provide proper education, although they enjoy certain autonomies in administration and admissions.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the rights and autonomy of minority institutions in India:

• Minority institutions cannot admit non-minority students under any circumstances.

• Minority institutions are entirely exempt from educational quality standards set by the government.

• The Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014) ruling granted minority institutions exemption from RTE Act’s reservation provisions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only statement 3 is correct. In Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust v. Union of India (2014), the Supreme Court ruled that minority institutions are exempt from the reservation provisions of the Right to Education (RTE) Act.

Statement 1 is incorrect because minority institutions can admit non-minority students, although they may have quotas or reserved seats for minority students based on the institution’s founding purpose.

Statement 2 is also incorrect because minority institutions must adhere to national standards of quality to ensure they provide proper education, although they enjoy certain autonomies in administration and admissions.

Solution: a)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements on customary international law in transboundary water treaties: The no-harm rule is automatically enforceable in all treaties. Equitable and reasonable utilization (ERU) is a principle applied in international watercourse management. Customary law obliges states to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for projects with potential cross-border impacts. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because, while the no-harm rule is a foundational principle in international environmental law, it is not automatically enforceable in all treaties. Its application depends on the specific terms agreed upon by the treaty parties. States may include the no-harm obligation explicitly in a treaty, making it binding for those parties. Statement 2 is correct, as equitable and reasonable utilization (ERU) is widely recognized in customary international law, particularly in the context of shared water resources. ERU emphasizes balanced resource use, ensuring that no single state exploits shared watercourses to the detriment of others. Statement 3 is also correct. Customary law obliges states to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for projects with potential cross-border impacts, promoting transparency and minimizing risks to neighbouring states. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because, while the no-harm rule is a foundational principle in international environmental law, it is not automatically enforceable in all treaties. Its application depends on the specific terms agreed upon by the treaty parties. States may include the no-harm obligation explicitly in a treaty, making it binding for those parties. Statement 2 is correct, as equitable and reasonable utilization (ERU) is widely recognized in customary international law, particularly in the context of shared water resources. ERU emphasizes balanced resource use, ensuring that no single state exploits shared watercourses to the detriment of others. Statement 3 is also correct. Customary law obliges states to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for projects with potential cross-border impacts, promoting transparency and minimizing risks to neighbouring states.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements on customary international law in transboundary water treaties:

• The no-harm rule is automatically enforceable in all treaties.

• Equitable and reasonable utilization (ERU) is a principle applied in international watercourse management.

• Customary law obliges states to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for projects with potential cross-border impacts.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect because, while the no-harm rule is a foundational principle in international environmental law, it is not automatically enforceable in all treaties. Its application depends on the specific terms agreed upon by the treaty parties. States may include the no-harm obligation explicitly in a treaty, making it binding for those parties.

Statement 2 is correct, as equitable and reasonable utilization (ERU) is widely recognized in customary international law, particularly in the context of shared water resources. ERU emphasizes balanced resource use, ensuring that no single state exploits shared watercourses to the detriment of others.

Statement 3 is also correct. Customary law obliges states to conduct Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) for projects with potential cross-border impacts, promoting transparency and minimizing risks to neighbouring states.

Solution: b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following features in 6G technology allows for the creation of dedicated, smaller networks tailored for specific types of traffic? a) Terahertz (THz) Frequencies b) Massive MIMO c) Network Slicing d) Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) Correct Solution: c) Network Slicing is an essential feature in advanced networks like 5G and 6G that allows operators to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical network. This enables customization of network resources to suit specific types of traffic and use cases, such as streaming high-definition video, managing IoT devices, or supporting industrial automation. Each slice can have different levels of latency, bandwidth, and security, tailored precisely to the needs of the application it serves. Network slicing improves network efficiency and responsiveness by allocating resources based on real-time demand, enabling dynamic scalability and cost efficiency. In 6G, this technology will likely be more granular, creating even more specialized slices. Incorrect Solution: c) Network Slicing is an essential feature in advanced networks like 5G and 6G that allows operators to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical network. This enables customization of network resources to suit specific types of traffic and use cases, such as streaming high-definition video, managing IoT devices, or supporting industrial automation. Each slice can have different levels of latency, bandwidth, and security, tailored precisely to the needs of the application it serves. Network slicing improves network efficiency and responsiveness by allocating resources based on real-time demand, enabling dynamic scalability and cost efficiency. In 6G, this technology will likely be more granular, creating even more specialized slices.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following features in 6G technology allows for the creation of dedicated, smaller networks tailored for specific types of traffic?

• a) Terahertz (THz) Frequencies

• b) Massive MIMO

• c) Network Slicing

• d) Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS)

Solution: c)

• Network Slicing is an essential feature in advanced networks like 5G and 6G that allows operators to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical network. This enables customization of network resources to suit specific types of traffic and use cases, such as streaming high-definition video, managing IoT devices, or supporting industrial automation.

• Each slice can have different levels of latency, bandwidth, and security, tailored precisely to the needs of the application it serves.

• Network slicing improves network efficiency and responsiveness by allocating resources based on real-time demand, enabling dynamic scalability and cost efficiency.

• In 6G, this technology will likely be more granular, creating even more specialized slices.

Solution: c)

• Each slice can have different levels of latency, bandwidth, and security, tailored precisely to the needs of the application it serves.

• Network slicing improves network efficiency and responsiveness by allocating resources based on real-time demand, enabling dynamic scalability and cost efficiency.

• In 6G, this technology will likely be more granular, creating even more specialized slices.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about minority educational institutions: The National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004, provides minority institutions with absolute immunity from state interference. Only institutions established post-Independence are eligible for minority status under the Constitution. The Supreme Court in T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002) laid down guidelines to identify minority status and autonomy in administration. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. In T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court laid down guidelines to determine the minority status of institutions and the extent of their administrative autonomy. Statement 1 is incorrect as the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004, provides safeguards and legal recognition but does not grant absolute immunity from state regulation. Statement 2 is also incorrect because institutions established before the Constitution came into force can also claim minority status if they meet the criteria. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 3 is correct. In T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court laid down guidelines to determine the minority status of institutions and the extent of their administrative autonomy. Statement 1 is incorrect as the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004, provides safeguards and legal recognition but does not grant absolute immunity from state regulation. Statement 2 is also incorrect because institutions established before the Constitution came into force can also claim minority status if they meet the criteria.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about minority educational institutions:

• The National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004, provides minority institutions with absolute immunity from state interference.

• Only institutions established post-Independence are eligible for minority status under the Constitution.

• The Supreme Court in T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002) laid down guidelines to identify minority status and autonomy in administration.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only statement 3 is correct. In T.M.A Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court laid down guidelines to determine the minority status of institutions and the extent of their administrative autonomy.

Statement 1 is incorrect as the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004, provides safeguards and legal recognition but does not grant absolute immunity from state regulation.

Statement 2 is also incorrect because institutions established before the Constitution came into force can also claim minority status if they meet the criteria.

Solution: a)

Statement 2 is also incorrect because institutions established before the Constitution came into force can also claim minority status if they meet the criteria.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding 6G technology: Terahertz frequencies in 6G enable faster data transfer but can only travel short distances. Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) improve signal quality in areas with weak reception. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology uses multiple antennas to enhance data transmission, supporting numerous devices simultaneously. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) Terahertz (THz) frequencies are extremely high-frequency waves that can carry massive amounts of data, though they suffer from limited range, making them suitable for specific, localized applications or indoor environments. Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) help boost signal quality by reflecting signals towards areas with low coverage, ensuring stronger and more reliable connections. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology enhances the capacity and efficiency of wireless networks by using multiple antennas to support a higher number of simultaneous connections, which is crucial for the expansive connectivity needs of 6G Incorrect Solution: c) Terahertz (THz) frequencies are extremely high-frequency waves that can carry massive amounts of data, though they suffer from limited range, making them suitable for specific, localized applications or indoor environments. Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) help boost signal quality by reflecting signals towards areas with low coverage, ensuring stronger and more reliable connections. Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology enhances the capacity and efficiency of wireless networks by using multiple antennas to support a higher number of simultaneous connections, which is crucial for the expansive connectivity needs of 6G

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding 6G technology:

• Terahertz frequencies in 6G enable faster data transfer but can only travel short distances.

• Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) improve signal quality in areas with weak reception.

• Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology uses multiple antennas to enhance data transmission, supporting numerous devices simultaneously.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

Terahertz (THz) frequencies are extremely high-frequency waves that can carry massive amounts of data, though they suffer from limited range, making them suitable for specific, localized applications or indoor environments.

Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) help boost signal quality by reflecting signals towards areas with low coverage, ensuring stronger and more reliable connections.

Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology enhances the capacity and efficiency of wireless networks by using multiple antennas to support a higher number of simultaneous connections, which is crucial for the expansive connectivity needs of 6G

Solution: c)

Integrated Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IIRS) help boost signal quality by reflecting signals towards areas with low coverage, ensuring stronger and more reliable connections.

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