UPSC Editorials Quiz : 12 April 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following best explains why mirrors form virtual images? a) Because light rays are absorbed and then re-emitted by the mirror surface b) Because the metallic surface bends light rays to converge at a real point c) Because reflected rays appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror d) Because light slows down on hitting the glass layer and creates refraction Correct Solution: c) A virtual image in a mirror is formed when reflected rays appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror. The human eye traces these rays backward, creating the illusion of a source located behind the reflective surface. This differs from a real image, which is formed by actual convergence of rays. The key principle is specular reflection—smooth surfaces reflect light in a uniform manner such that angle of incidence = angle of reflection. The metallic layer (silver or aluminium) does not bend or refract the rays (eliminating options b and d). Instead, it reflects them. Reflected rays do not meet in space but are extended backward by the eye, which perceives the virtual image. This is foundational to the physics of flat mirrors and is responsible for the accurate reproduction of appearance in personal mirrors, periscopes, or optical instruments. Incorrect Solution: c) A virtual image in a mirror is formed when reflected rays appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror. The human eye traces these rays backward, creating the illusion of a source located behind the reflective surface. This differs from a real image, which is formed by actual convergence of rays. The key principle is specular reflection—smooth surfaces reflect light in a uniform manner such that angle of incidence = angle of reflection. The metallic layer (silver or aluminium) does not bend or refract the rays (eliminating options b and d). Instead, it reflects them. Reflected rays do not meet in space but are extended backward by the eye, which perceives the virtual image. This is foundational to the physics of flat mirrors and is responsible for the accurate reproduction of appearance in personal mirrors, periscopes, or optical instruments.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following best explains why mirrors form virtual images?

• a) Because light rays are absorbed and then re-emitted by the mirror surface

• b) Because the metallic surface bends light rays to converge at a real point

• c) Because reflected rays appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror

• d) Because light slows down on hitting the glass layer and creates refraction

Solution: c)

• A virtual image in a mirror is formed when reflected rays appear to diverge from a point behind the mirror. The human eye traces these rays backward, creating the illusion of a source located behind the reflective surface. This differs from a real image, which is formed by actual convergence of rays.

• The key principle is specular reflection—smooth surfaces reflect light in a uniform manner such that angle of incidence = angle of reflection. The metallic layer (silver or aluminium) does not bend or refract the rays (eliminating options b and d). Instead, it reflects them.

• Reflected rays do not meet in space but are extended backward by the eye, which perceives the virtual image.

This is foundational to the physics of flat mirrors and is responsible for the accurate reproduction of appearance in personal mirrors, periscopes, or optical instruments.

Solution: c)

• Reflected rays do not meet in space but are extended backward by the eye, which perceives the virtual image.

This is foundational to the physics of flat mirrors and is responsible for the accurate reproduction of appearance in personal mirrors, periscopes, or optical instruments.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about Buddhism’s political and social decline in India: The Islamic invasions directly led to the destruction of key Buddhist universities. The Pala dynasty remained one of the last major patrons of Buddhism. The Buddhist Sangha disbanded under Ashoka’s successors. Buddhism failed to generate strong local resistance due to weak grassroots presence. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1, 2, and 4 only b) 1, 2, and 3 only c) 2, 3, and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: a) The Islamic invasions (12th century CE), particularly by Bakhtiyar Khilji, led to the destruction of Nalanda, Vikramshila, and other monasteries, critically damaging Buddhist institutional frameworks. The Palas of Bengal were the last significant patrons, funding Buddhist education and global outreach. However, by then, grassroots lay support had dwindled, and Buddhism had become largely monastic and elite. Statement 3 is incorrect—there is no historical evidence of Sangha disbandment immediately after Ashoka. Instead, the Sangha continued to evolve through various councils and sectarian divisions. Incorrect Solution: a) The Islamic invasions (12th century CE), particularly by Bakhtiyar Khilji, led to the destruction of Nalanda, Vikramshila, and other monasteries, critically damaging Buddhist institutional frameworks. The Palas of Bengal were the last significant patrons, funding Buddhist education and global outreach. However, by then, grassroots lay support had dwindled, and Buddhism had become largely monastic and elite. Statement 3 is incorrect—there is no historical evidence of Sangha disbandment immediately after Ashoka. Instead, the Sangha continued to evolve through various councils and sectarian divisions.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about Buddhism’s political and social decline in India:

• The Islamic invasions directly led to the destruction of key Buddhist universities.

• The Pala dynasty remained one of the last major patrons of Buddhism.

• The Buddhist Sangha disbanded under Ashoka’s successors.

• Buddhism failed to generate strong local resistance due to weak grassroots presence.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1, 2, and 4 only

• b) 1, 2, and 3 only

• c) 2, 3, and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: a)

• The Islamic invasions (12th century CE), particularly by Bakhtiyar Khilji, led to the destruction of Nalanda, Vikramshila, and other monasteries, critically damaging Buddhist institutional frameworks.

• The Palas of Bengal were the last significant patrons, funding Buddhist education and global outreach. However, by then, grassroots lay support had dwindled, and Buddhism had become largely monastic and elite.

• Statement 3 is incorrect—there is no historical evidence of Sangha disbandment immediately after Ashoka. Instead, the Sangha continued to evolve through various councils and sectarian divisions.

Solution: a)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Governor’s powers under Article 200 and the recent Supreme Court judgment: The Governor can reserve any Bill for the President’s consideration, including Money Bills. The Supreme Court held that indefinite delay in granting assent violates constitutional trust and democratic principles. If the State Legislature re-passes a Bill returned by the Governor, the Governor may still withhold assent based on personal discretion. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 1: Article 200 allows the Governor to reserve any Bill (except Money Bills) for the President. However, per Article 201, in certain cases where national interest or constitutional conflict exists, even Money Bills may attract such reservation with justification, though rare. Statement 2: The Supreme Court criticized the Governor’s inaction, terming it a violation of constitutional conventions. The indefinite delay was held to erode the federal balance, contradict the principle of responsible government, and defy democratic accountability. Statement 3: As per Article 200 proviso, once a Bill is returned and passed again, the Governor is constitutionally required to give assent and cannot act on personal discretion. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 1: Article 200 allows the Governor to reserve any Bill (except Money Bills) for the President. However, per Article 201, in certain cases where national interest or constitutional conflict exists, even Money Bills may attract such reservation with justification, though rare. Statement 2: The Supreme Court criticized the Governor’s inaction, terming it a violation of constitutional conventions. The indefinite delay was held to erode the federal balance, contradict the principle of responsible government, and defy democratic accountability. Statement 3: As per Article 200 proviso, once a Bill is returned and passed again, the Governor is constitutionally required to give assent and cannot act on personal discretion.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Governor’s powers under Article 200 and the recent Supreme Court judgment:

• The Governor can reserve any Bill for the President’s consideration, including Money Bills.

• The Supreme Court held that indefinite delay in granting assent violates constitutional trust and democratic principles.

• If the State Legislature re-passes a Bill returned by the Governor, the Governor may still withhold assent based on personal discretion.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

• Statement 1: Article 200 allows the Governor to reserve any Bill (except Money Bills) for the President. However, per Article 201, in certain cases where national interest or constitutional conflict exists, even Money Bills may attract such reservation with justification, though rare.

• Statement 2: The Supreme Court criticized the Governor’s inaction, terming it a violation of constitutional conventions. The indefinite delay was held to erode the federal balance, contradict the principle of responsible government, and defy democratic accountability.

• Statement 3: As per Article 200 proviso, once a Bill is returned and passed again, the Governor is constitutionally required to give assent and cannot act on personal discretion.

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

• Statement 3: As per Article 200 proviso, once a Bill is returned and passed again, the Governor is constitutionally required to give assent and cannot act on personal discretion.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about Regional Rural Banks: They are jointly owned by the Centre, the respective State Government, and a Sponsor Bank. They are regulated solely by NABARD under the Banking Regulation Act. They primarily cater to credit needs of rural populations involved in agriculture, trade, and micro-enterprises. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 1: Correct. RRBs follow a tripartite ownership model—GOI (50%), State Government (15%), and Sponsor Bank (35%). Statement 3: Correct. Their focus is to provide low-cost institutional credit to rural customers, particularly in agriculture, small businesses, and trade. Statement 2: Incorrect. RRBs are regulated by the RBI, while NABARD provides supervisory oversight and refinancing support. Regulatory functions like licensing, capital norms, and statutory requirements fall under RBI’s purview. Incorrect Solution: a) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 1: Correct. RRBs follow a tripartite ownership model—GOI (50%), State Government (15%), and Sponsor Bank (35%). Statement 3: Correct. Their focus is to provide low-cost institutional credit to rural customers, particularly in agriculture, small businesses, and trade. Statement 2: Incorrect. RRBs are regulated by the RBI, while NABARD provides supervisory oversight and refinancing support. Regulatory functions like licensing, capital norms, and statutory requirements fall under RBI’s purview.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about Regional Rural Banks:

• They are jointly owned by the Centre, the respective State Government, and a Sponsor Bank.

• They are regulated solely by NABARD under the Banking Regulation Act.

• They primarily cater to credit needs of rural populations involved in agriculture, trade, and micro-enterprises.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.

• Statement 1: Correct. RRBs follow a tripartite ownership model—GOI (50%), State Government (15%), and Sponsor Bank (35%).

• Statement 3: Correct. Their focus is to provide low-cost institutional credit to rural customers, particularly in agriculture, small businesses, and trade.

• Statement 2: Incorrect. RRBs are regulated by the RBI, while NABARD provides supervisory oversight and refinancing support. Regulatory functions like licensing, capital norms, and statutory requirements fall under RBI’s purview.

Solution: a)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct.

• Statement 1: Correct. RRBs follow a tripartite ownership model—GOI (50%), State Government (15%), and Sponsor Bank (35%).

• Statement 3: Correct. Their focus is to provide low-cost institutional credit to rural customers, particularly in agriculture, small businesses, and trade.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The primary objective of the Niveshak Didi initiative is to: a) Train rural women in agriculture credit access and crop insurance schemes b) Provide microloans to self-help groups under the NRLM framework c) Digitally enroll women into PM-SVANidhi for street vendor loans d) Promote financial literacy using community influencers in underserved regions Correct Solution: d) The Niveshak Didi initiative is a community-driven financial literacy program, launched by the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in collaboration with India Post Payments Bank (IPPB). Its focus is on empowering rural women by training them to become financial educators and influencers within their communities. It aims to promote inclusive banking, digital financial tools, safe savings practices, and fraud prevention, particularly in underserved and semi-literate regions. The project leverages the existing network of postal workers, especially women, and enhances outreach through vernacular content in 13 languages. Incorrect Solution: d) The Niveshak Didi initiative is a community-driven financial literacy program, launched by the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in collaboration with India Post Payments Bank (IPPB). Its focus is on empowering rural women by training them to become financial educators and influencers within their communities. It aims to promote inclusive banking, digital financial tools, safe savings practices, and fraud prevention, particularly in underserved and semi-literate regions. The project leverages the existing network of postal workers, especially women, and enhances outreach through vernacular content in 13 languages.

#### 5. Question

The primary objective of the Niveshak Didi initiative is to:

• a) Train rural women in agriculture credit access and crop insurance schemes

• b) Provide microloans to self-help groups under the NRLM framework

• c) Digitally enroll women into PM-SVANidhi for street vendor loans

• d) Promote financial literacy using community influencers in underserved regions

Solution: d)

• The Niveshak Didi initiative is a community-driven financial literacy program, launched by the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in collaboration with India Post Payments Bank (IPPB).

• Its focus is on empowering rural women by training them to become financial educators and influencers within their communities.

• It aims to promote inclusive banking, digital financial tools, safe savings practices, and fraud prevention, particularly in underserved and semi-literate regions.

• The project leverages the existing network of postal workers, especially women, and enhances outreach through vernacular content in 13 languages.

Solution: d)

• Its focus is on empowering rural women by training them to become financial educators and influencers within their communities.

• It aims to promote inclusive banking, digital financial tools, safe savings practices, and fraud prevention, particularly in underserved and semi-literate regions.

• The project leverages the existing network of postal workers, especially women, and enhances outreach through vernacular content in 13 languages.

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