UPSC Editorials Quiz : 11 January 2025

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about microRNAs (miRNAs): They are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They bind to the coding region of mRNA to inhibit translation. They play roles in cancer progression and genetic disorders. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules typically 20-25 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They achieve this by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. This mechanism makes statement 1 correct but statement 2 incorrect, as miRNAs do not bind to the coding region of mRNA. Additionally, miRNAs are crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are implicated in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to several genetic disorders and plays a key role in the progression of cancers by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Thus, statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: b) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules typically 20-25 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They achieve this by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. This mechanism makes statement 1 correct but statement 2 incorrect, as miRNAs do not bind to the coding region of mRNA. Additionally, miRNAs are crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are implicated in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to several genetic disorders and plays a key role in the progression of cancers by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Thus, statement 3 is correct.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about microRNAs (miRNAs):

• They are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression.

• They bind to the coding region of mRNA to inhibit translation.

• They play roles in cancer progression and genetic disorders.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules typically 20-25 nucleotides long that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They achieve this by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. This mechanism makes statement 1 correct but statement 2 incorrect, as miRNAs do not bind to the coding region of mRNA.

Additionally, miRNAs are crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are implicated in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to several genetic disorders and plays a key role in the progression of cancers by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Thus, statement 3 is correct.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about the role of AnemiaPhone in healthcare: It is capable of diagnosing all types of anemia, including inherited and acquired forms. It has been transferred to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for aiding anemia alleviation programs. It can be used without any requirement for a trained healthcare professional. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) AnemiaPhone is primarily designed for screening iron-deficiency anemia and may not diagnose all types of anemia, such as inherited forms like thalassemia or acquired forms due to chronic diseases (Statement 1 is incorrect). The technology has been transferred to the ICMR for anemia alleviation programs in India (Statement 2 is correct). While it simplifies testing, some level of training is still required to ensure proper usage and interpretation (Statement 3 is incorrect). Incorrect Solution: a) AnemiaPhone is primarily designed for screening iron-deficiency anemia and may not diagnose all types of anemia, such as inherited forms like thalassemia or acquired forms due to chronic diseases (Statement 1 is incorrect). The technology has been transferred to the ICMR for anemia alleviation programs in India (Statement 2 is correct). While it simplifies testing, some level of training is still required to ensure proper usage and interpretation (Statement 3 is incorrect).

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the role of AnemiaPhone in healthcare:

• It is capable of diagnosing all types of anemia, including inherited and acquired forms.

• It has been transferred to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for aiding anemia alleviation programs.

• It can be used without any requirement for a trained healthcare professional.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

• AnemiaPhone is primarily designed for screening iron-deficiency anemia and may not diagnose all types of anemia, such as inherited forms like thalassemia or acquired forms due to chronic diseases (Statement 1 is incorrect).

• The technology has been transferred to the ICMR for anemia alleviation programs in India (Statement 2 is correct).

• While it simplifies testing, some level of training is still required to ensure proper usage and interpretation (Statement 3 is incorrect).

Solution: a)

• The technology has been transferred to the ICMR for anemia alleviation programs in India (Statement 2 is correct).

• While it simplifies testing, some level of training is still required to ensure proper usage and interpretation (Statement 3 is incorrect).

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following challenges are associated with the Miyawaki Technique? High initial costs for soil preparation and planting. Difficulty in implementation in saline or degraded lands. Limited applicability to monoculture plantations. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: d) The Miyawaki Technique, a method for creating dense and fast-growing forests, is innovative but comes with challenges: High Initial Costs: Preparing soil to support a variety of native species and ensuring proper planting techniques require significant investment. This makes Statement 1 correct. Difficulty in Degraded or Saline Lands: The technique thrives in areas with fertile soil. However, its implementation on saline or heavily degraded lands is challenging unless extensive remediation measures are undertaken. This makes Statement 2 correct. Incompatibility with Monoculture: The Miyawaki Technique emphasizes biodiversity, requiring the planting of a mix of native species for ecological balance. This approach directly contrasts with monoculture practices, which focus on a single species. Thus, Statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: d) The Miyawaki Technique, a method for creating dense and fast-growing forests, is innovative but comes with challenges: High Initial Costs: Preparing soil to support a variety of native species and ensuring proper planting techniques require significant investment. This makes Statement 1 correct. Difficulty in Degraded or Saline Lands: The technique thrives in areas with fertile soil. However, its implementation on saline or heavily degraded lands is challenging unless extensive remediation measures are undertaken. This makes Statement 2 correct. Incompatibility with Monoculture: The Miyawaki Technique emphasizes biodiversity, requiring the planting of a mix of native species for ecological balance. This approach directly contrasts with monoculture practices, which focus on a single species. Thus, Statement 3 is correct.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following challenges are associated with the Miyawaki Technique?

• High initial costs for soil preparation and planting.

• Difficulty in implementation in saline or degraded lands.

• Limited applicability to monoculture plantations.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: d)

The Miyawaki Technique, a method for creating dense and fast-growing forests, is innovative but comes with challenges:

• High Initial Costs: Preparing soil to support a variety of native species and ensuring proper planting techniques require significant investment. This makes Statement 1 correct.

• Difficulty in Degraded or Saline Lands: The technique thrives in areas with fertile soil. However, its implementation on saline or heavily degraded lands is challenging unless extensive remediation measures are undertaken. This makes Statement 2 correct.

• Incompatibility with Monoculture: The Miyawaki Technique emphasizes biodiversity, requiring the planting of a mix of native species for ecological balance. This approach directly contrasts with monoculture practices, which focus on a single species. Thus, Statement 3 is correct.

Solution: d)

The Miyawaki Technique, a method for creating dense and fast-growing forests, is innovative but comes with challenges:

• High Initial Costs: Preparing soil to support a variety of native species and ensuring proper planting techniques require significant investment. This makes Statement 1 correct.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following phenomena are directly associated with a disrupted polar vortex? Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) Wavy jet stream patterns Enhanced cyclogenesis in the Arctic region Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: d) A disrupted polar vortex leads to several significant atmospheric phenomena: Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW): This phenomenon occurs when the polar vortex weakens due to a sudden increase in stratospheric temperatures. The warming disrupts the vortex’s stability, often leading to its splitting or displacement. Statement 1 is correct. Wavy Jet Stream Patterns: A weakened polar vortex disrupts the normally stable jet stream, causing it to develop meandering or wavy patterns. This allows cold Arctic air to move southward and warm air to intrude into the Arctic, resulting in extreme weather events in mid-latitudes. Statement 2 is correct. Enhanced Cyclogenesis in the Arctic Region: The instability caused by a disrupted polar vortex increases cyclonic activity (cyclogenesis) in the Arctic. This leads to more frequent and intense storms in the region. Statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: d) A disrupted polar vortex leads to several significant atmospheric phenomena: Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW): This phenomenon occurs when the polar vortex weakens due to a sudden increase in stratospheric temperatures. The warming disrupts the vortex’s stability, often leading to its splitting or displacement. Statement 1 is correct. Wavy Jet Stream Patterns: A weakened polar vortex disrupts the normally stable jet stream, causing it to develop meandering or wavy patterns. This allows cold Arctic air to move southward and warm air to intrude into the Arctic, resulting in extreme weather events in mid-latitudes. Statement 2 is correct. Enhanced Cyclogenesis in the Arctic Region: The instability caused by a disrupted polar vortex increases cyclonic activity (cyclogenesis) in the Arctic. This leads to more frequent and intense storms in the region. Statement 3 is correct.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following phenomena are directly associated with a disrupted polar vortex?

• Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW)

• Wavy jet stream patterns

• Enhanced cyclogenesis in the Arctic region

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: d)

A disrupted polar vortex leads to several significant atmospheric phenomena:

• Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW): This phenomenon occurs when the polar vortex weakens due to a sudden increase in stratospheric temperatures. The warming disrupts the vortex’s stability, often leading to its splitting or displacement. Statement 1 is correct.

• Wavy Jet Stream Patterns: A weakened polar vortex disrupts the normally stable jet stream, causing it to develop meandering or wavy patterns. This allows cold Arctic air to move southward and warm air to intrude into the Arctic, resulting in extreme weather events in mid-latitudes. Statement 2 is correct.

• Enhanced Cyclogenesis in the Arctic Region: The instability caused by a disrupted polar vortex increases cyclonic activity (cyclogenesis) in the Arctic. This leads to more frequent and intense storms in the region. Statement 3 is correct.

Solution: d)

A disrupted polar vortex leads to several significant atmospheric phenomena:

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following ecological benefits are associated with Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary? Supporting biodiversity by providing habitats for migratory and resident bird species. Acting as a natural buffer against cyclones and coastal flooding. Promoting groundwater recharge through its brackish water system. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: c) Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary provide significant ecological benefits: Supporting Biodiversity: Both sites are critical habitats for numerous bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos, pelicans, and storks, making them vital for maintaining biodiversity. Statement 1 is correct. Natural Buffer Against Cyclones and Flooding: Pulicat Lake, as a coastal wetland, acts as a buffer, reducing the impact of cyclones and mitigating coastal flooding by absorbing excess water. Statement 2 is correct. Groundwater Recharge: Brackish water systems like Pulicat Lake are not significant contributors to groundwater recharge due to the salinity of the water. Statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: c) Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary provide significant ecological benefits: Supporting Biodiversity: Both sites are critical habitats for numerous bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos, pelicans, and storks, making them vital for maintaining biodiversity. Statement 1 is correct. Natural Buffer Against Cyclones and Flooding: Pulicat Lake, as a coastal wetland, acts as a buffer, reducing the impact of cyclones and mitigating coastal flooding by absorbing excess water. Statement 2 is correct. Groundwater Recharge: Brackish water systems like Pulicat Lake are not significant contributors to groundwater recharge due to the salinity of the water. Statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following ecological benefits are associated with Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary?

• Supporting biodiversity by providing habitats for migratory and resident bird species.

• Acting as a natural buffer against cyclones and coastal flooding.

• Promoting groundwater recharge through its brackish water system.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) 2 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: c)

Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary provide significant ecological benefits:

• Supporting Biodiversity: Both sites are critical habitats for numerous bird species, including migratory birds like flamingos, pelicans, and storks, making them vital for maintaining biodiversity. Statement 1 is correct.

• Natural Buffer Against Cyclones and Flooding: Pulicat Lake, as a coastal wetland, acts as a buffer, reducing the impact of cyclones and mitigating coastal flooding by absorbing excess water. Statement 2 is correct.

• Groundwater Recharge: Brackish water systems like Pulicat Lake are not significant contributors to groundwater recharge due to the salinity of the water. Statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: c)

Pulicat Lake and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary provide significant ecological benefits:

• Groundwater Recharge: Brackish water systems like Pulicat Lake are not significant contributors to groundwater recharge due to the salinity of the water. Statement 3 is incorrect.

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