UPSC Editorials Quiz : 11 December 2024

Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials (UPSC Editorials Quiz) , an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED (UPSC Editorials Quiz) to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): There are 75 PVTGs identified in India spread across all states and Union Territories. PVTGs exhibit high literacy rates compared to other tribal groups. Pre-agricultural technology is one of the identifying characteristics of PVTGs. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because there are 75 PVTGs in India, but they are not distributed across all states and Union Territories. They are found in 17 states and one Union Territory, indicating a specific and localized presence. Statement 2 is incorrect because PVTGs are characterized by extremely low literacy rates compared to other tribal groups, reflecting their vulnerability and socio-economic challenges. Higher literacy rates are not a defining feature of these groups. Statement 3 is correct because one of the key criteria for identifying PVTGs is the prevalence of pre-agricultural technology, which signifies a traditional way of life and limited technological advancement. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because there are 75 PVTGs in India, but they are not distributed across all states and Union Territories. They are found in 17 states and one Union Territory, indicating a specific and localized presence. Statement 2 is incorrect because PVTGs are characterized by extremely low literacy rates compared to other tribal groups, reflecting their vulnerability and socio-economic challenges. Higher literacy rates are not a defining feature of these groups. Statement 3 is correct because one of the key criteria for identifying PVTGs is the prevalence of pre-agricultural technology, which signifies a traditional way of life and limited technological advancement.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

• There are 75 PVTGs identified in India spread across all states and Union Territories.

• PVTGs exhibit high literacy rates compared to other tribal groups.

• Pre-agricultural technology is one of the identifying characteristics of PVTGs.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect because there are 75 PVTGs in India, but they are not distributed across all states and Union Territories. They are found in 17 states and one Union Territory, indicating a specific and localized presence.

Statement 2 is incorrect because PVTGs are characterized by extremely low literacy rates compared to other tribal groups, reflecting their vulnerability and socio-economic challenges. Higher literacy rates are not a defining feature of these groups.

Statement 3 is correct because one of the key criteria for identifying PVTGs is the prevalence of pre-agricultural technology, which signifies a traditional way of life and limited technological advancement.

Solution: a)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which type of cooperative society helps bypass middlemen to provide goods at reasonable prices? a) Credit Cooperative Societies b) Consumers’ Cooperative Societies c) Producers’ Cooperative Societies d) Farming Cooperative Societies Correct Solution: b) Consumers’ Cooperative Societies are designed to eliminate intermediaries, ensuring that goods are available to members at reasonable prices. These societies procure products directly from manufacturers or wholesalers, bypassing traditional supply chain middlemen, which helps reduce costs. The primary objective of such societies is to protect consumers from market exploitation, ensure the availability of quality goods, and promote fair pricing. Examples like Kendriya Bhandar and Apna Bazar demonstrate how such societies operate efficiently by pooling resources and distributing commodities equitably among members. They often include essential household items and daily necessities, focusing on affordability and accessibility for their members. Unlike Credit Cooperative Societies, which provide financial assistance, or Producers’ Cooperative Societies, which support production activities, Consumers’ Cooperative Societies specifically address the retail and distribution needs of their members. Farming Cooperative Societies, on the other hand, focus on agricultural activities and are not directly involved in consumer retail. Incorrect Solution: b) Consumers’ Cooperative Societies are designed to eliminate intermediaries, ensuring that goods are available to members at reasonable prices. These societies procure products directly from manufacturers or wholesalers, bypassing traditional supply chain middlemen, which helps reduce costs. The primary objective of such societies is to protect consumers from market exploitation, ensure the availability of quality goods, and promote fair pricing. Examples like Kendriya Bhandar and Apna Bazar demonstrate how such societies operate efficiently by pooling resources and distributing commodities equitably among members. They often include essential household items and daily necessities, focusing on affordability and accessibility for their members. Unlike Credit Cooperative Societies, which provide financial assistance, or Producers’ Cooperative Societies, which support production activities, Consumers’ Cooperative Societies specifically address the retail and distribution needs of their members. Farming Cooperative Societies, on the other hand, focus on agricultural activities and are not directly involved in consumer retail.

#### 2. Question

Which type of cooperative society helps bypass middlemen to provide goods at reasonable prices?

• a) Credit Cooperative Societies

• b) Consumers’ Cooperative Societies

• c) Producers’ Cooperative Societies

• d) Farming Cooperative Societies

Solution: b)

Consumers’ Cooperative Societies are designed to eliminate intermediaries, ensuring that goods are available to members at reasonable prices. These societies procure products directly from manufacturers or wholesalers, bypassing traditional supply chain middlemen, which helps reduce costs. The primary objective of such societies is to protect consumers from market exploitation, ensure the availability of quality goods, and promote fair pricing.

Examples like Kendriya Bhandar and Apna Bazar demonstrate how such societies operate efficiently by pooling resources and distributing commodities equitably among members. They often include essential household items and daily necessities, focusing on affordability and accessibility for their members.

Unlike Credit Cooperative Societies, which provide financial assistance, or Producers’ Cooperative Societies, which support production activities, Consumers’ Cooperative Societies specifically address the retail and distribution needs of their members. Farming Cooperative Societies, on the other hand, focus on agricultural activities and are not directly involved in consumer retail.

Solution: b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements about formalization of the economy: It can ensure greater tax compliance by businesses and workers. It reduces government control over economic activities. It can improve workers’ access to social security benefits. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Formalization of the economy can ensure greater tax compliance as businesses and workers are brought within the ambit of the formal sector. This leads to better reporting of incomes and economic activities, increasing the government’s tax base. Statement 2 is incorrect: Formalization does not reduce government control; instead, it increases regulatory oversight. Economic activities under the formal economy are subject to rules, regulations, and monitoring, ensuring adherence to labor laws, tax codes, and environmental standards. Statement 3 is correct: Formalization can improve workers’ access to social security benefits such as provident funds, pensions, health insurance, and paid leave. These benefits are generally unavailable in the informal sector, making formal employment more secure and beneficial for workers. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Formalization of the economy can ensure greater tax compliance as businesses and workers are brought within the ambit of the formal sector. This leads to better reporting of incomes and economic activities, increasing the government’s tax base. Statement 2 is incorrect: Formalization does not reduce government control; instead, it increases regulatory oversight. Economic activities under the formal economy are subject to rules, regulations, and monitoring, ensuring adherence to labor laws, tax codes, and environmental standards. Statement 3 is correct: Formalization can improve workers’ access to social security benefits such as provident funds, pensions, health insurance, and paid leave. These benefits are generally unavailable in the informal sector, making formal employment more secure and beneficial for workers.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about formalization of the economy:

• It can ensure greater tax compliance by businesses and workers.

• It reduces government control over economic activities.

• It can improve workers’ access to social security benefits.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: Formalization of the economy can ensure greater tax compliance as businesses and workers are brought within the ambit of the formal sector. This leads to better reporting of incomes and economic activities, increasing the government’s tax base.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Formalization does not reduce government control; instead, it increases regulatory oversight. Economic activities under the formal economy are subject to rules, regulations, and monitoring, ensuring adherence to labor laws, tax codes, and environmental standards.

Statement 3 is correct: Formalization can improve workers’ access to social security benefits such as provident funds, pensions, health insurance, and paid leave. These benefits are generally unavailable in the informal sector, making formal employment more secure and beneficial for workers.

Solution: b)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO): It provides life insurance coverage under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme. EPFO membership is mandatory for all workers in India. The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) ensures monthly income post-retirement. Employees can make partial withdrawals for housing, education, or medical needs. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 4 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) provides life insurance coverage under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme, offering financial support to the family of a deceased employee. Statement 2 is incorrect: EPFO membership is not mandatory for all workers in India. It is compulsory for employees working in establishments with 20 or more workers, and only for those earning below a specified wage threshold (currently ₹15,000 per month). Voluntary membership is allowed in certain cases. Statement 3 is correct: The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), managed by EPFO, ensures a monthly income post-retirement to eligible employees. Statement 4 is correct: Employees can make partial withdrawals from their EPF accounts for specific purposes such as housing, education, marriage, and medical emergencies, subject to conditions. What is EPFO and How Does it Benefit Workers? The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is a government body managing long-term savings and social security benefits for salaried workers in India. Benefits of EPFO: Retirement Fund: Ensures financial security for employees’ post-retirement. Insurance: Life coverage under schemes like Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI). Pension: Monthly income after retirement through the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Emergency Support: Allows partial withdrawals for medical needs, education, or housing. Job Security: Formal EPFO registration indicates compliance with labor laws, ensuring employee rights. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) provides life insurance coverage under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme, offering financial support to the family of a deceased employee. Statement 2 is incorrect: EPFO membership is not mandatory for all workers in India. It is compulsory for employees working in establishments with 20 or more workers, and only for those earning below a specified wage threshold (currently ₹15,000 per month). Voluntary membership is allowed in certain cases. Statement 3 is correct: The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), managed by EPFO, ensures a monthly income post-retirement to eligible employees. Statement 4 is correct: Employees can make partial withdrawals from their EPF accounts for specific purposes such as housing, education, marriage, and medical emergencies, subject to conditions. What is EPFO and How Does it Benefit Workers? The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is a government body managing long-term savings and social security benefits for salaried workers in India. Benefits of EPFO: Retirement Fund: Ensures financial security for employees’ post-retirement. Insurance: Life coverage under schemes like Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI). Pension: Monthly income after retirement through the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Emergency Support: Allows partial withdrawals for medical needs, education, or housing. Job Security: Formal EPFO registration indicates compliance with labor laws, ensuring employee rights.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO):

• It provides life insurance coverage under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme.

• EPFO membership is mandatory for all workers in India.

• The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) ensures monthly income post-retirement.

• Employees can make partial withdrawals for housing, education, or medical needs.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 2 and 4 only

• c) 1, 3, and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO) provides life insurance coverage under the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI) scheme, offering financial support to the family of a deceased employee.

Statement 2 is incorrect: EPFO membership is not mandatory for all workers in India. It is compulsory for employees working in establishments with 20 or more workers, and only for those earning below a specified wage threshold (currently ₹15,000 per month). Voluntary membership is allowed in certain cases.

Statement 3 is correct: The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), managed by EPFO, ensures a monthly income post-retirement to eligible employees.

Statement 4 is correct: Employees can make partial withdrawals from their EPF accounts for specific purposes such as housing, education, marriage, and medical emergencies, subject to conditions.

What is EPFO and How Does it Benefit Workers?

• The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is a government body managing long-term savings and social security benefits for salaried workers in India.

Benefits of EPFO:

• Retirement Fund: Ensures financial security for employees’ post-retirement.

• Insurance: Life coverage under schemes like Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI).

• Pension: Monthly income after retirement through the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS).

• Emergency Support: Allows partial withdrawals for medical needs, education, or housing.

• Job Security: Formal EPFO registration indicates compliance with labor laws, ensuring employee rights.

Solution: c)

Statement 3 is correct: The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), managed by EPFO, ensures a monthly income post-retirement to eligible employees.

Statement 4 is correct: Employees can make partial withdrawals from their EPF accounts for specific purposes such as housing, education, marriage, and medical emergencies, subject to conditions.

What is EPFO and How Does it Benefit Workers?

• The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) is a government body managing long-term savings and social security benefits for salaried workers in India.

Benefits of EPFO:

• Retirement Fund: Ensures financial security for employees’ post-retirement.

• Insurance: Life coverage under schemes like Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (EDLI).

• Pension: Monthly income after retirement through the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS).

• Emergency Support: Allows partial withdrawals for medical needs, education, or housing.

• Job Security: Formal EPFO registration indicates compliance with labor laws, ensuring employee rights.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following is a unique feature of the U.S. President’s pardon power compared to the Indian President? a) It applies to state crimes. b) It covers both military and civilian offenses. c) It allows for the pardon of death sentences in state crimes. d) It is fully independent and unilateral Correct Solution: d) The unique feature of the U.S. President’s pardon power lies in its independence and unilateral nature. Under the U.S. Constitution, the President can grant pardons or reprieves for federal offenses without requiring approval or advice from any other authority, including Congress or the judiciary. This broad discretion ensures that the pardon power is entirely an executive prerogative. In contrast, the Indian President’s pardon power, as provided under Article 72 of the Constitution, is exercised based on the advice of the Council of Ministers in accordance with Article 74. Incorrect Solution: d) The unique feature of the U.S. President’s pardon power lies in its independence and unilateral nature. Under the U.S. Constitution, the President can grant pardons or reprieves for federal offenses without requiring approval or advice from any other authority, including Congress or the judiciary. This broad discretion ensures that the pardon power is entirely an executive prerogative. In contrast, the Indian President’s pardon power, as provided under Article 72 of the Constitution, is exercised based on the advice of the Council of Ministers in accordance with Article 74.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following is a unique feature of the U.S. President’s pardon power compared to the Indian President?

• a) It applies to state crimes.

• b) It covers both military and civilian offenses.

• c) It allows for the pardon of death sentences in state crimes.

• d) It is fully independent and unilateral

Solution: d)

The unique feature of the U.S. President’s pardon power lies in its independence and unilateral nature. Under the U.S. Constitution, the President can grant pardons or reprieves for federal offenses without requiring approval or advice from any other authority, including Congress or the judiciary. This broad discretion ensures that the pardon power is entirely an executive prerogative.

In contrast, the Indian President’s pardon power, as provided under Article 72 of the Constitution, is exercised based on the advice of the Council of Ministers in accordance with Article 74.

Solution: d)

In contrast, the Indian President’s pardon power, as provided under Article 72 of the Constitution, is exercised based on the advice of the Council of Ministers in accordance with Article 74.

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