UPSC Editorials Quiz : 1 April 2024

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Introducing QUED – Questions from Editorials, an innovative initiative from InsightsIAS. Considering the significant number of questions in previous UPSC Prelims from editorials, practicing MCQs from this perspective can provide an extra edge. While we cover important editorials separately in our Editorial Section and SECURE Initiative, adding QUED to your daily MCQ practice alongside Static Quiz, Current Affairs Quiz, and InstaDART can be crucial for better performance. We recommend utilizing this initiative to enhance your preparation, with 5 MCQs posted daily at 11 am from Monday to Saturday on our website under the QUIZ menu. Best of luck! 🙂

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements. Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen as the main fuel and the oxygen in the gaseous form to burn this fuel. Hydrogen liquifies only at very high temperatures, nearly 250 degrees Celsius above zero. India has indigenously developed a cryogenic engine that is deployed in LVM3 rocket. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Cryogenics is the science relating to the behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen as the main fuel. Hydrogen, the most efficient rocket fuel, is very difficult to handle in its natural gaseous form, but manageable in liquid state. However, it liquifies only at very low temperatures, nearly 250 degrees Celsius below zero. The oxygen that is needed to burn this fuel also needs to be in liquid form. Oxygen is in liquid state at about 90 degrees Celsius below zero. India has managed to develop its own cryogenic engine as well, a result of decades of research and development. This engine has an entirely Indian design, developed within ISRO, and uses a different process to burn the fuel. It is closer to the designs of the Arianne rockets that were used by ISRO till a few years ago to launch its heavier satellites. This indigenously developed cryogenic engine is deployed in LVM3, ISRO’s most powerful rocket so far, which carried the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 missions, among others. Source Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Cryogenics is the science relating to the behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen as the main fuel. Hydrogen, the most efficient rocket fuel, is very difficult to handle in its natural gaseous form, but manageable in liquid state. However, it liquifies only at very low temperatures, nearly 250 degrees Celsius below zero. The oxygen that is needed to burn this fuel also needs to be in liquid form. Oxygen is in liquid state at about 90 degrees Celsius below zero. India has managed to develop its own cryogenic engine as well, a result of decades of research and development. This engine has an entirely Indian design, developed within ISRO, and uses a different process to burn the fuel. It is closer to the designs of the Arianne rockets that were used by ISRO till a few years ago to launch its heavier satellites. This indigenously developed cryogenic engine is deployed in LVM3, ISRO’s most powerful rocket so far, which carried the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 missions, among others. Source

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen as the main fuel and the oxygen in the gaseous form to burn this fuel.

• Hydrogen liquifies only at very high temperatures, nearly 250 degrees Celsius above zero.

• India has indigenously developed a cryogenic engine that is deployed in LVM3 rocket.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Cryogenics is the science relating to the behaviour of materials at very low temperatures. Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen as the main fuel. Hydrogen, the most efficient rocket fuel, is very difficult to handle in its natural gaseous form, but manageable in liquid state. However, it liquifies only at very low temperatures, nearly 250 degrees Celsius below zero. The oxygen that is needed to burn this fuel also needs to be in liquid form. Oxygen is in liquid state at about 90 degrees Celsius below zero.

India has managed to develop its own cryogenic engine as well, a result of decades of research and development. This engine has an entirely Indian design, developed within ISRO, and uses a different process to burn the fuel. It is closer to the designs of the Arianne rockets that were used by ISRO till a few years ago to launch its heavier satellites.

This indigenously developed cryogenic engine is deployed in LVM3, ISRO’s most powerful rocket so far, which carried the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 missions, among others.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

This indigenously developed cryogenic engine is deployed in LVM3, ISRO’s most powerful rocket so far, which carried the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 missions, among others.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which of the following can be the consequences of Higher temperatures? Less moisture in the atmosphere longer wildfires Increase in precipitation intensity Stronger winds How many of the above options is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. Higher temperatures cause evaporation of water not only from land but also oceans and other water bodies, meaning a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. Experts suggest for every 1 degree Celsius rise in average temperature, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture. This makes storms more dangerous as it leads to an increase in precipitation intensity, duration and/or frequency, which ultimately can cause severe flooding. Higher sea surface temperatures cause marine heat waves, an extreme weather event, which, in turn, makes storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones more intense. Warmer temperatures escalate the rate of evaporation along with the transfer of heat from the oceans to the air. When storms travel across hot oceans, they gather more water vapour and heat. This results in stronger winds, heavier rainfall, and more flooding when storms reach the land. Extreme heat also creates conditions more prone to wildfire and a longer wildfire season by evaporating more and more moisture from land. Source Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. Higher temperatures cause evaporation of water not only from land but also oceans and other water bodies, meaning a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. Experts suggest for every 1 degree Celsius rise in average temperature, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture. This makes storms more dangerous as it leads to an increase in precipitation intensity, duration and/or frequency, which ultimately can cause severe flooding. Higher sea surface temperatures cause marine heat waves, an extreme weather event, which, in turn, makes storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones more intense. Warmer temperatures escalate the rate of evaporation along with the transfer of heat from the oceans to the air. When storms travel across hot oceans, they gather more water vapour and heat. This results in stronger winds, heavier rainfall, and more flooding when storms reach the land. Extreme heat also creates conditions more prone to wildfire and a longer wildfire season by evaporating more and more moisture from land. Source

#### 2. Question

Which of the following can be the consequences of Higher temperatures?

• Less moisture in the atmosphere

• longer wildfires

• Increase in precipitation intensity

• Stronger winds

How many of the above options is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Higher temperatures cause evaporation of water not only from land but also oceans and other water bodies, meaning a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture. Experts suggest for every 1 degree Celsius rise in average temperature, the atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture. This makes storms more dangerous as it leads to an increase in precipitation intensity, duration and/or frequency, which ultimately can cause severe flooding.

Higher sea surface temperatures cause marine heat waves, an extreme weather event, which, in turn, makes storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones more intense. Warmer temperatures escalate the rate of evaporation along with the transfer of heat from the oceans to the air. When storms travel across hot oceans, they gather more water vapour and heat. This results in stronger winds, heavier rainfall, and more flooding when storms reach the land.

Extreme heat also creates conditions more prone to wildfire and a longer wildfire season by evaporating more and more moisture from land.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Extreme heat also creates conditions more prone to wildfire and a longer wildfire season by evaporating more and more moisture from land.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Cloudburst. A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. The IMD forecasts all Cloudburst events well in advance. It occurs only in hilly regions, and does not occur in plains. All instances of very heavy rainfall in hilly regions are considered as cloudbursts. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. While it can also occur in plains, the phenomenon is most common in hilly regions. Not all instances of very heavy rainfall, however, are cloudbursts. A cloudburst has a very specific definition: Rainfall of 10 cm or more in an hour over a roughly 10 km x 10 km area is classified as a cloudburst event. By this definition, 5 cm of rainfall in a half-hour period over the same area would also be categorised as a cloudburst. The IMD forecasts rainfall events well in advance, but it does not predict the quantum of rainfall — in fact, no meteorological agency does. The forecasts can be about light, heavy, or very heavy rainfall, but weather scientists do not have the capability to predict exactly how much rain is likely to fall at any given place. Theoretically, it is not impossible to forecast rainfall over a very small area as well, but it requires a very dense network of weather instruments, and computing capabilities that seem unfeasible with current technologies. As a result, specific cloudburst events cannot be forecast. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. While it can also occur in plains, the phenomenon is most common in hilly regions. Not all instances of very heavy rainfall, however, are cloudbursts. A cloudburst has a very specific definition: Rainfall of 10 cm or more in an hour over a roughly 10 km x 10 km area is classified as a cloudburst event. By this definition, 5 cm of rainfall in a half-hour period over the same area would also be categorised as a cloudburst. The IMD forecasts rainfall events well in advance, but it does not predict the quantum of rainfall — in fact, no meteorological agency does. The forecasts can be about light, heavy, or very heavy rainfall, but weather scientists do not have the capability to predict exactly how much rain is likely to fall at any given place. Theoretically, it is not impossible to forecast rainfall over a very small area as well, but it requires a very dense network of weather instruments, and computing capabilities that seem unfeasible with current technologies. As a result, specific cloudburst events cannot be forecast.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Cloudburst.

• A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity.

• The IMD forecasts all Cloudburst events well in advance.

• It occurs only in hilly regions, and does not occur in plains.

• All instances of very heavy rainfall in hilly regions are considered as cloudbursts.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: a)

Only statement 1 is correct.

A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. While it can also occur in plains, the phenomenon is most common in hilly regions.

Not all instances of very heavy rainfall, however, are cloudbursts. A cloudburst has a very specific definition: Rainfall of 10 cm or more in an hour over a roughly 10 km x 10 km area is classified as a cloudburst event. By this definition, 5 cm of rainfall in a half-hour period over the same area would also be categorised as a cloudburst.

The IMD forecasts rainfall events well in advance, but it does not predict the quantum of rainfall — in fact, no meteorological agency does. The forecasts can be about light, heavy, or very heavy rainfall, but weather scientists do not have the capability to predict exactly how much rain is likely to fall at any given place.

Theoretically, it is not impossible to forecast rainfall over a very small area as well, but it requires a very dense network of weather instruments, and computing capabilities that seem unfeasible with current technologies.

As a result, specific cloudburst events cannot be forecast.

Solution: a)

Only statement 1 is correct.

A cloudburst is a localised but intense rainfall activity. While it can also occur in plains, the phenomenon is most common in hilly regions.

As a result, specific cloudburst events cannot be forecast.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements. India’s semiconductor industrial policy is being managed mainly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) focuses on manufacturing, assembly, displays and compound semiconductors. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an R&D organisation under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) that administers the policy for chip design. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) India’s semiconductor industrial policy is being managed mainly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The schemes for manufacturing, assembly, displays and compound semiconductors have been assigned to an independent division called India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) within a non-profit company set up by MeitY. The policy for chip design is being administered by C-DAC, an R&D organisation again under the MeitY. Incorrect Solution: c) India’s semiconductor industrial policy is being managed mainly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The schemes for manufacturing, assembly, displays and compound semiconductors have been assigned to an independent division called India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) within a non-profit company set up by MeitY. The policy for chip design is being administered by C-DAC, an R&D organisation again under the MeitY.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements.

• India’s semiconductor industrial policy is being managed mainly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY).

• India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) focuses on manufacturing, assembly, displays and compound semiconductors.

• Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an R&D organisation under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) that administers the policy for chip design.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

India’s semiconductor industrial policy is being managed mainly by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). The schemes for manufacturing, assembly, displays and compound semiconductors have been assigned to an independent division called India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) within a non-profit company set up by MeitY. The policy for chip design is being administered by C-DAC, an R&D organisation again under the MeitY.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, such that they cannot be broken down further by simple chemical processes. Atoms have very little empty space and most of an atom comprises protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons combine to form the atom’s nucleus. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, such that they cannot be “broken down” further by simple chemical processes. From our bodies to the air we breathe, everything is made up of atoms. Most of an atom is empty space. The rest comprises three basic types of subatomic (smaller than, or occurring within an atom) particles — positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and the neutral neutrons. The protons and neutrons combine to form the atom’s nucleus, around which circle a “cloud” of electrons. The number of protons in an atom determines the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of that element. Different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties, but very different nuclear properties. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, such that they cannot be “broken down” further by simple chemical processes. From our bodies to the air we breathe, everything is made up of atoms. Most of an atom is empty space. The rest comprises three basic types of subatomic (smaller than, or occurring within an atom) particles — positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and the neutral neutrons. The protons and neutrons combine to form the atom’s nucleus, around which circle a “cloud” of electrons. The number of protons in an atom determines the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of that element. Different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties, but very different nuclear properties.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, such that they cannot be broken down further by simple chemical processes.

• Atoms have very little empty space and most of an atom comprises protons and neutrons.

• The protons and neutrons combine to form the atom’s nucleus.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, such that they cannot be “broken down” further by simple chemical processes. From our bodies to the air we breathe, everything is made up of atoms.

Most of an atom is empty space. The rest comprises three basic types of subatomic (smaller than, or occurring within an atom) particles — positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and the neutral neutrons. The protons and neutrons combine to form the atom’s nucleus, around which circle a “cloud” of electrons.

The number of protons in an atom determines the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of that element. Different isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties, but very different nuclear properties.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

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