UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 9 September 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Apatani tribe: The Apatani community is primarily concentrated in the Ziro Valley, which lies in the western Himalayan ranges of Arunachal Pradesh. The practice of wearing facial tattoos and nose plugs originated as a cultural beauty standard within the tribe. The Government of India encouraged the continuation of wearing facial tattoos and nose plugs in the 1970s to preserve tribal heritage. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect because while the Apatani inhabit the Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh, this region is part of the eastern Himalayan ranges, not the western. Statement 2 is incorrect as the practice of facial tattoos and nose plugs initially began as a protection strategy to make Apatani women appear less attractive to rival tribes, thereby preventing abductions. It only later evolved into a marker of identity and a cultural beauty standard. The origin was pragmatic, not aesthetic. Statement 3 is incorrect because the government banned the practice in the early 1970s. The ban was instituted due to perceived social stigma and concerns that it hindered employment opportunities for Apatani women in modern society, not to preserve it. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect because while the Apatani inhabit the Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh, this region is part of the eastern Himalayan ranges, not the western. Statement 2 is incorrect as the practice of facial tattoos and nose plugs initially began as a protection strategy to make Apatani women appear less attractive to rival tribes, thereby preventing abductions. It only later evolved into a marker of identity and a cultural beauty standard. The origin was pragmatic, not aesthetic. Statement 3 is incorrect because the government banned the practice in the early 1970s. The ban was instituted due to perceived social stigma and concerns that it hindered employment opportunities for Apatani women in modern society, not to preserve it.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Apatani tribe:

• The Apatani community is primarily concentrated in the Ziro Valley, which lies in the western Himalayan ranges of Arunachal Pradesh.

• The practice of wearing facial tattoos and nose plugs originated as a cultural beauty standard within the tribe.

• The Government of India encouraged the continuation of wearing facial tattoos and nose plugs in the 1970s to preserve tribal heritage.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect because while the Apatani inhabit the Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh, this region is part of the eastern Himalayan ranges, not the western.

• Statement 2 is incorrect as the practice of facial tattoos and nose plugs initially began as a protection strategy to make Apatani women appear less attractive to rival tribes, thereby preventing abductions. It only later evolved into a marker of identity and a cultural beauty standard. The origin was pragmatic, not aesthetic.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because the government banned the practice in the early 1970s. The ban was instituted due to perceived social stigma and concerns that it hindered employment opportunities for Apatani women in modern society, not to preserve it.

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect because while the Apatani inhabit the Ziro Valley in Arunachal Pradesh, this region is part of the eastern Himalayan ranges, not the western.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points With reference to the State Emblem of India, consider the following statements: The emblem is an exact replica of the Lion Capital of Ashoka discovered at Sarnath. The animals depicted on the abacus of the adopted emblem include a bull, a horse, and a deer. The motto “Satyameva Jayate” is inscribed in the Brahmi script. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. The State Emblem is an adaptation, not an exact replica. A key difference is the omission of the bell-shaped lotus base that was part of the original Ashokan capital. Statement 2 is incorrect. The frieze on the abacus of the original capital features four animals: an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion. The adopted emblem shows the bull on the right and the horse on the left of the central Dharma Chakra, but a deer is not depicted. Statement 3 is incorrect. The motto “Satyameva Jayate” is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad and is inscribed below the abacus in the Devanagari script, not the Brahmi script. Brahmi is an ancient script from which Devanagari evolved, but the emblem uses the modern script. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. The State Emblem is an adaptation, not an exact replica. A key difference is the omission of the bell-shaped lotus base that was part of the original Ashokan capital. Statement 2 is incorrect. The frieze on the abacus of the original capital features four animals: an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion. The adopted emblem shows the bull on the right and the horse on the left of the central Dharma Chakra, but a deer is not depicted. Statement 3 is incorrect. The motto “Satyameva Jayate” is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad and is inscribed below the abacus in the Devanagari script, not the Brahmi script. Brahmi is an ancient script from which Devanagari evolved, but the emblem uses the modern script.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the State Emblem of India, consider the following statements:

• The emblem is an exact replica of the Lion Capital of Ashoka discovered at Sarnath.

• The animals depicted on the abacus of the adopted emblem include a bull, a horse, and a deer.

• The motto “Satyameva Jayate” is inscribed in the Brahmi script.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The State Emblem is an adaptation, not an exact replica. A key difference is the omission of the bell-shaped lotus base that was part of the original Ashokan capital.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The frieze on the abacus of the original capital features four animals: an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull, and a lion. The adopted emblem shows the bull on the right and the horse on the left of the central Dharma Chakra, but a deer is not depicted.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The motto “Satyameva Jayate” is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad and is inscribed below the abacus in the Devanagari script, not the Brahmi script. Brahmi is an ancient script from which Devanagari evolved, but the emblem uses the modern script.

Solution: D

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Mpox (Monkeypox): Statement-I: Mpox is classified as a viral zoonotic disease. Statement-II: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first identified in humans and its natural reservoir is known to be primates. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it is caused by a virus that is transmitted from animals to humans. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Statement-II is incorrect. The virus was first identified in monkeys in a laboratory in Denmark in 1958, not in humans. The first human case was recorded later in 1970. Furthermore, the natural reservoir of the virus is still unknown, although small mammals like rodents and squirrels are considered susceptible hosts. Primates are susceptible but are not confirmed as the sole or primary natural reservoir. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it is caused by a virus that is transmitted from animals to humans. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Statement-II is incorrect. The virus was first identified in monkeys in a laboratory in Denmark in 1958, not in humans. The first human case was recorded later in 1970. Furthermore, the natural reservoir of the virus is still unknown, although small mammals like rodents and squirrels are considered susceptible hosts. Primates are susceptible but are not confirmed as the sole or primary natural reservoir.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Mpox (Monkeypox):

Statement-I: Mpox is classified as a viral zoonotic disease.

Statement-II: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first identified in humans and its natural reservoir is known to be primates.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. Mpox is a viral zoonotic disease, meaning it is caused by a virus that is transmitted from animals to humans. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus.

Statement-II is incorrect. The virus was first identified in monkeys in a laboratory in Denmark in 1958, not in humans. The first human case was recorded later in 1970. Furthermore, the natural reservoir of the virus is still unknown, although small mammals like rodents and squirrels are considered susceptible hosts. Primates are susceptible but are not confirmed as the sole or primary natural reservoir.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points The CoWIN portal, frequently in news, is best described as: (a) A platform for monitoring and reporting all communicable diseases in India. (b) An end-to-end digital public health management tool specifically designed for the COVID-19 vaccination drive. (c) A global software offered by the WHO for vaccine distribution management in developing countries. (d) A citizen-centric portal for booking hospital appointments and accessing health records under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. Correct Solution: B CoWIN (COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network) was a comprehensive digital platform specifically developed for India’s COVID-19 vaccination program. It was an end-to-end management tool, handling everything from citizen registration and scheduling appointments to tracking vaccine logistics, managing vaccinator sessions, and issuing digital certificates. While it became a model for other countries and was integrated with apps like Aarogya Setu and DigiLocker, its core design and purpose were for the COVID-19 vaccination drive. It was not a general communicable disease monitor, a WHO platform, or a general health records portal, although it shared principles with the broader digital health ecosystem. Its function was highly specific and purpose-built. Incorrect Solution: B CoWIN (COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network) was a comprehensive digital platform specifically developed for India’s COVID-19 vaccination program. It was an end-to-end management tool, handling everything from citizen registration and scheduling appointments to tracking vaccine logistics, managing vaccinator sessions, and issuing digital certificates. While it became a model for other countries and was integrated with apps like Aarogya Setu and DigiLocker, its core design and purpose were for the COVID-19 vaccination drive. It was not a general communicable disease monitor, a WHO platform, or a general health records portal, although it shared principles with the broader digital health ecosystem. Its function was highly specific and purpose-built.

#### 4. Question

The CoWIN portal, frequently in news, is best described as:

• (a) A platform for monitoring and reporting all communicable diseases in India.

• (b) An end-to-end digital public health management tool specifically designed for the COVID-19 vaccination drive.

• (c) A global software offered by the WHO for vaccine distribution management in developing countries.

• (d) A citizen-centric portal for booking hospital appointments and accessing health records under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.

Solution: B

• CoWIN (COVID Vaccine Intelligence Network) was a comprehensive digital platform specifically developed for India’s COVID-19 vaccination program. It was an end-to-end management tool, handling everything from citizen registration and scheduling appointments to tracking vaccine logistics, managing vaccinator sessions, and issuing digital certificates.

• While it became a model for other countries and was integrated with apps like Aarogya Setu and DigiLocker, its core design and purpose were for the COVID-19 vaccination drive. It was not a general communicable disease monitor, a WHO platform, or a general health records portal, although it shared principles with the broader digital health ecosystem. Its function was highly specific and purpose-built.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Nilgiri Tea: The tea is cultivated in regions that receive rainfall from both the Southwest and Northeast monsoons. The unique “frost tea” is harvested immediately after the winter monsoons. It holds a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Nilgiri tea is primarily a variety of *Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, the Chinese variety, which is different from the Assam variety (assamica). Statement 1 is correct. The cultivation of Nilgiri tea benefits from a unique climate in the Western Ghats, characterized by receiving rainfall from both the Southwest and Northeast monsoons, which contributes to its year-round growth cycle. Statement 2 is incorrect. The “frost tea” is a special harvest plucked after a short period of dormancy during the winter, not after the winter monsoons. This post-dormancy plucking is known for its distinct and intense flavour profile. Statement 3 is correct. Nilgiri tea has been registered as a Geographical Indication (GI) product since 2008, recognizing its unique origin and characteristics tied to the Nilgiris district. Incorrect Solution: A Nilgiri tea is primarily a variety of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, the Chinese variety, which is different from the Assam variety (assamica). Statement 1 is correct. The cultivation of Nilgiri tea benefits from a unique climate in the Western Ghats, characterized by receiving rainfall from both the Southwest and Northeast monsoons, which contributes to its year-round growth cycle. Statement 2 is incorrect. The “frost tea” is a special harvest plucked after a short period of dormancy during the winter, not after the winter monsoons. This post-dormancy plucking is known for its distinct and intense flavour profile. Statement 3 is correct. Nilgiri tea has been registered as a Geographical Indication (GI) product* since 2008, recognizing its unique origin and characteristics tied to the Nilgiris district.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about Nilgiri Tea:

• The tea is cultivated in regions that receive rainfall from both the Southwest and Northeast monsoons.

• The unique “frost tea” is harvested immediately after the winter monsoons.

• It holds a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Nilgiri tea is primarily a variety of *Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, the Chinese variety, which is different from the Assam variety (assamica*).

• Statement 1 is correct. The cultivation of Nilgiri tea benefits from a unique climate in the Western Ghats, characterized by receiving rainfall from both the Southwest and Northeast monsoons, which contributes to its year-round growth cycle.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The “frost tea” is a special harvest plucked after a short period of dormancy during the winter, not after the winter monsoons. This post-dormancy plucking is known for its distinct and intense flavour profile.

• Statement 3 is correct. Nilgiri tea has been registered as a Geographical Indication (GI) product since 2008, recognizing its unique origin and characteristics tied to the Nilgiris district.

Solution: A

• Nilgiri tea is primarily a variety of *Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, the Chinese variety, which is different from the Assam variety (assamica*).

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Undersea fiber-optic cables: Statement-I: Undersea fiber-optic cables are critical for modern global communication, carrying the majority of international data traffic. Statement-II: These cables are laid in geologically stable and deep-sea trenches to protect them from natural disasters and human activities. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Undersea or submarine cables are the backbone of the global internet, carrying approximately 95% of all international data traffic. They provide high-speed, high-capacity, and low-latency connectivity that is essential for cloud services, financial transactions, and general communication between continents. Statement-II is incorrect. While these cables are laid on seabeds, they are not restricted to geologically stable deep-sea trenches. They traverse various marine topographies. Moreover, they are highly vulnerable to both natural disasters like submarine earthquakes and human activities such as anchor drags from ships and fishing trawlers. The recent disruption in the Red Sea exemplifies this vulnerability. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Undersea or submarine cables are the backbone of the global internet, carrying approximately 95% of all international data traffic. They provide high-speed, high-capacity, and low-latency connectivity that is essential for cloud services, financial transactions, and general communication between continents. Statement-II is incorrect. While these cables are laid on seabeds, they are not restricted to geologically stable deep-sea trenches. They traverse various marine topographies. Moreover, they are highly vulnerable to both natural disasters like submarine earthquakes and human activities such as anchor drags from ships and fishing trawlers. The recent disruption in the Red Sea exemplifies this vulnerability.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Undersea fiber-optic cables:

Statement-I: Undersea fiber-optic cables are critical for modern global communication, carrying the majority of international data traffic.

Statement-II: These cables are laid in geologically stable and deep-sea trenches to protect them from natural disasters and human activities.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. Undersea or submarine cables are the backbone of the global internet, carrying approximately 95% of all international data traffic. They provide high-speed, high-capacity, and low-latency connectivity that is essential for cloud services, financial transactions, and general communication between continents.

• Statement-II is incorrect. While these cables are laid on seabeds, they are not restricted to geologically stable deep-sea trenches. They traverse various marine topographies. Moreover, they are highly vulnerable to both natural disasters like submarine earthquakes and human activities such as anchor drags from ships and fishing trawlers. The recent disruption in the Red Sea exemplifies this vulnerability.

Solution: C

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Regarding the geography of the Red Sea, which of the following groups of countries has a direct coastline with the main body of the Red Sea? (a) Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Yemen (b) Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia (c) Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Somalia, Israel (d) Yemen, Oman, Egypt, Djibouti Correct Solution: B The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean, situated between Africa and Asia. The countries that have a direct coastline on its main body are Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the African side, and Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the Asian side. Option (a) is incorrect because Jordan has a coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba, which is an extension of the Red Sea, but not the main body itself. Option (c) is incorrect because Somalia does not border the Red Sea (it borders the Gulf of Aden), and Israel borders the Gulf of Aqaba. Option (d) is incorrect because Oman borders the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, not the Red Sea. Incorrect Solution: B The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean, situated between Africa and Asia. The countries that have a direct coastline on its main body are Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the African side, and Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the Asian side. Option (a) is incorrect because Jordan has a coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba, which is an extension of the Red Sea, but not the main body itself. Option (c) is incorrect because Somalia does not border the Red Sea (it borders the Gulf of Aden), and Israel borders the Gulf of Aqaba. Option (d) is incorrect because Oman borders the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, not the Red Sea.

#### 7. Question

Regarding the geography of the Red Sea, which of the following groups of countries has a direct coastline with the main body of the Red Sea?

• (a) Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Yemen

• (b) Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia

• (c) Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Somalia, Israel

• (d) Yemen, Oman, Egypt, Djibouti

Solution: B

The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean, situated between Africa and Asia. The countries that have a direct coastline on its main body are Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, and Djibouti on the African side, and Saudi Arabia and Yemen on the Asian side.

• Option (a) is incorrect because Jordan has a coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba, which is an extension of the Red Sea, but not the main body itself.

• Option (c) is incorrect because Somalia does not border the Red Sea (it borders the Gulf of Aden), and Israel borders the Gulf of Aqaba.

• Option (d) is incorrect because Oman borders the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, not the Red Sea.

Solution: B

• Option (a) is incorrect because Jordan has a coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba, which is an extension of the Red Sea, but not the main body itself.

• Option (c) is incorrect because Somalia does not border the Red Sea (it borders the Gulf of Aden), and Israel borders the Gulf of Aqaba.

• Option (d) is incorrect because Oman borders the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, not the Red Sea.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Mpox: One of the characteristic early symptoms of Mpox that distinguishes it from diseases like chickenpox is the swelling of lymph nodes. Transmission of the virus can occur from a pregnant mother to her child. The monkeypox virus belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. While many symptoms like fever and rash are common to several viral diseases, the presence of swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) is a distinctive clinical feature of Mpox in its early stages, often helping to differentiate it from diseases like chickenpox or measles. Statement 2 is correct. Human-to-human transmission includes several pathways. Mother-to-child (vertical) transmission is a recognized route, which can occur during pregnancy through the placenta or during childbirth through close contact. Statement 3 is correct. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which is part of the Poxviridae family. This is the same genus and family that includes the variola virus (which causes smallpox) and the vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine). Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. While many symptoms like fever and rash are common to several viral diseases, the presence of swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) is a distinctive clinical feature of Mpox in its early stages, often helping to differentiate it from diseases like chickenpox or measles. Statement 2 is correct. Human-to-human transmission includes several pathways. Mother-to-child (vertical) transmission is a recognized route, which can occur during pregnancy through the placenta or during childbirth through close contact. Statement 3 is correct. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which is part of the Poxviridae family. This is the same genus and family that includes the variola virus (which causes smallpox) and the vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine).

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Mpox:

• One of the characteristic early symptoms of Mpox that distinguishes it from diseases like chickenpox is the swelling of lymph nodes.

• Transmission of the virus can occur from a pregnant mother to her child.

• The monkeypox virus belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is correct. While many symptoms like fever and rash are common to several viral diseases, the presence of swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) is a distinctive clinical feature of Mpox in its early stages, often helping to differentiate it from diseases like chickenpox or measles.

• Statement 2 is correct. Human-to-human transmission includes several pathways. Mother-to-child (vertical) transmission is a recognized route, which can occur during pregnancy through the placenta or during childbirth through close contact.

Statement 3 is correct. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which is part of the Poxviridae family. This is the same genus and family that includes the variola virus (which causes smallpox) and the vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine).

Solution: D

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points With reference to the State Emblem of India, consider the following statements: The four lions standing back-to-back symbolize the four noble truths of Buddhism. The Dharma Chakra on the abacus has 32 spokes, representing the 32 paths to righteousness. The original Lion Capital at Sarnath was commissioned by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya to commemorate his victory over the Greeks. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect. The four Asiatic lions symbolize power, courage, pride, and confidence. They do not represent the four noble truths of Buddhism, which are a core tenet of Buddhist philosophy concerning the nature of suffering. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law) depicted on the emblem has 24 spokes, which represent various dharmic principles, not 32. The number 24 is also significant in the Indian national flag. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Lion Capital was erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, not Chandragupta Maurya. Ashoka commissioned these pillars throughout his empire to spread the message of Dhamma (righteousness), and the Sarnath pillar specifically marks the site where the Buddha delivered his first sermon. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect. The four Asiatic lions symbolize power, courage, pride, and confidence. They do not represent the four noble truths of Buddhism, which are a core tenet of Buddhist philosophy concerning the nature of suffering. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law) depicted on the emblem has 24 spokes, which represent various dharmic principles, not 32. The number 24 is also significant in the Indian national flag. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Lion Capital was erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, not Chandragupta Maurya. Ashoka commissioned these pillars throughout his empire to spread the message of Dhamma (righteousness), and the Sarnath pillar specifically marks the site where the Buddha delivered his first sermon.

#### 9. Question

With reference to the State Emblem of India, consider the following statements:

• The four lions standing back-to-back symbolize the four noble truths of Buddhism.

• The Dharma Chakra on the abacus has 32 spokes, representing the 32 paths to righteousness.

• The original Lion Capital at Sarnath was commissioned by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya to commemorate his victory over the Greeks.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The four Asiatic lions symbolize power, courage, pride, and confidence. They do not represent the four noble truths of Buddhism, which are a core tenet of Buddhist philosophy concerning the nature of suffering.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law) depicted on the emblem has 24 spokes, which represent various dharmic principles, not 32. The number 24 is also significant in the Indian national flag.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Lion Capital was erected by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, not Chandragupta Maurya. Ashoka commissioned these pillars throughout his empire to spread the message of Dhamma (righteousness), and the Sarnath pillar specifically marks the site where the Buddha delivered his first sermon.

Solution: C

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The CoWIN portal was designed as a scalable system capable of real-time tracking of beneficiaries and vaccine logistics from the national to the local level. Statement-II: The architecture of CoWIN, featuring modules for orchestration, cold-chain management, and citizen registration, facilitated its role as a comprehensive public health management tool. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. A key strength of the CoWIN platform was its ability to function on a massive scale, tracking vaccine administration in real-time across all levels—from national dashboards down to individual vaccinators at sub-district centers. This comprehensive tracking of beneficiaries, vaccine doses, and wastage was a core design feature. Statement-II is also correct. The platform’s effectiveness and scalability were due to its modular architecture. It had distinct but interconnected modules: the orchestration module for overall management, the cold-chain module for vaccine logistics, the citizen registration module, and the vaccinator module. This design allowed for efficient and transparent end-to-end management. Statement-II provides the structural reason for the capabilities mentioned in Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. A key strength of the CoWIN platform was its ability to function on a massive scale, tracking vaccine administration in real-time across all levels—from national dashboards down to individual vaccinators at sub-district centers. This comprehensive tracking of beneficiaries, vaccine doses, and wastage was a core design feature. Statement-II is also correct. The platform’s effectiveness and scalability were due to its modular architecture. It had distinct but interconnected modules: the orchestration module for overall management, the cold-chain module for vaccine logistics, the citizen registration module, and the vaccinator module. This design allowed for efficient and transparent end-to-end management. Statement-II provides the structural reason for the capabilities mentioned in Statement-I.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: The CoWIN portal was designed as a scalable system capable of real-time tracking of beneficiaries and vaccine logistics from the national to the local level.

Statement-II: The architecture of CoWIN, featuring modules for orchestration, cold-chain management, and citizen registration, facilitated its role as a comprehensive public health management tool.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. A key strength of the CoWIN platform was its ability to function on a massive scale, tracking vaccine administration in real-time across all levels—from national dashboards down to individual vaccinators at sub-district centers. This comprehensive tracking of beneficiaries, vaccine doses, and wastage was a core design feature.

• Statement-II is also correct. The platform’s effectiveness and scalability were due to its modular architecture. It had distinct but interconnected modules: the orchestration module for overall management, the cold-chain module for vaccine logistics, the citizen registration module, and the vaccinator module. This design allowed for efficient and transparent end-to-end management.

• Statement-II provides the structural reason for the capabilities mentioned in Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Statement-II provides the structural reason for the capabilities mentioned in Statement-I.

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