UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 9 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about green hydrogen is true? (a) Green hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels. (b) Green hydrogen production emits large amounts of greenhouse gases. (c) Green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources. (d) Green hydrogen is primarily sourced from natural gas extraction. Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: India is making strides in embracing green hydrogen as a promising alternative fuel, evident from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s Rs 496 crore scheme supporting pilot projects. Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: India is making strides in embracing green hydrogen as a promising alternative fuel, evident from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s Rs 496 crore scheme supporting pilot projects. Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

#### 1. Question

Which of the following statements about green hydrogen is true?

• (a) Green hydrogen is produced using fossil fuels.

• (b) Green hydrogen production emits large amounts of greenhouse gases.

• (c) Green hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources.

• (d) Green hydrogen is primarily sourced from natural gas extraction.

Explanation:

• Context: India is making strides in embracing green hydrogen as a promising alternative fuel, evident from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s Rs 496 crore scheme supporting pilot projects.

• Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power.

• In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

Explanation:

• Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about “Grey hydrogen” is true? (a) Grey hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources. (b) Grey hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water. (c) Grey hydrogen is considered environmentally friendly due to its low carbon emissions. (d) Grey hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels using processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) without carbon capture technology. Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Grey hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, typically natural gas, through processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) without capturing the carbon emissions. It is called “grey” because it doesn’t utilize carbon capture technology, resulting in significant emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This makes it environmentally less favorable compared to hydrogen produced through other methods such as electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources (option B) or hydrogen produced with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies (which would be called “blue hydrogen”). Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the production process and environmental impact of grey hydrogen. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Grey hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, typically natural gas, through processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) without capturing the carbon emissions. It is called “grey” because it doesn’t utilize carbon capture technology, resulting in significant emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This makes it environmentally less favorable compared to hydrogen produced through other methods such as electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources (option B) or hydrogen produced with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies (which would be called “blue hydrogen”). Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the production process and environmental impact of grey hydrogen. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

#### 2. Question

Which of the following statements about “Grey hydrogen” is true?

• (a) Grey hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources.

• (b) Grey hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water.

• (c) Grey hydrogen is considered environmentally friendly due to its low carbon emissions.

• (d) Grey hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels using processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) without carbon capture technology.

Explanation:

• Grey hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, typically natural gas, through processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) without capturing the carbon emissions. It is called “grey” because it doesn’t utilize carbon capture technology, resulting in significant emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This makes it environmentally less favorable compared to hydrogen produced through other methods such as electrolysis of water using renewable energy sources (option B) or hydrogen produced with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies (which would be called “blue hydrogen”). Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it accurately describes the production process and environmental impact of grey hydrogen.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which one of the following is the nodal authority responsible for accrediting agencies for monitoring, verifying and certifying green hydrogen production projects in India? (a) Bureau of Indian Standards (b) Commission for Additional Sources of Energy (c) Bureau of Energy Efficiency (d) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced. Nodal Agency: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) (under the Union Ministry of Power) is the nodal authority responsible for accrediting agencies for monitoring, verifying and certifying green hydrogen production projects. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced. Nodal Agency: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) (under the Union Ministry of Power) is the nodal authority responsible for accrediting agencies for monitoring, verifying and certifying green hydrogen production projects. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

#### 3. Question

Which one of the following is the nodal authority responsible for accrediting agencies for monitoring, verifying and certifying green hydrogen production projects in India?

• (a) Bureau of Indian Standards

• (b) Commission for Additional Sources of Energy

• (c) Bureau of Energy Efficiency

• (d) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

Explanation:

• Green hydrogen is produced through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power. In August 2023, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Government of India, provided a definition for green hydrogen, specifying it as having a well-to-gate emission (encompassing water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying and compression of hydrogen) not exceeding 2 kg CO2 equivalent per kg H2. In contrast, grey hydrogen (produced using fossil fuels), on average, emits 10 kg of CO2 per kg of H2 produced.

• Nodal Agency: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) (under the Union Ministry of Power) is the nodal authority responsible for accrediting agencies for monitoring, verifying and certifying green hydrogen production projects.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/opportunities-and-challenges-of-green-hydrogen-in-india/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC): It is a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly. It consists of 47 member states, elected by the General Assembly. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Context: The United Nations Human Rights Council recently made a historic decision by adopting a resolution aimed at combating discrimination and harmful practices against intersex people. S1: The UNHRC is not a subsidiary body of the General Assembly but rather an intergovernmental body established by the General Assembly in 2006. S2: The Human Rights Council consists of 47 Member States elected directly and individually by a majority of the 193 states of the UN General Assembly. Elections take place every year. Seats are equitably distributed among the five UN regional groups, with one-third of the members being renewed each year. S3: The headquarters of the Council are at the United Nations Office at Geneva in Switzerland. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/unhrc-resolution-on-intersex-people/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Context: The United Nations Human Rights Council recently made a historic decision by adopting a resolution aimed at combating discrimination and harmful practices against intersex people. S1: The UNHRC is not a subsidiary body of the General Assembly but rather an intergovernmental body established by the General Assembly in 2006. S2: The Human Rights Council consists of 47 Member States elected directly and individually by a majority of the 193 states of the UN General Assembly. Elections take place every year. Seats are equitably distributed among the five UN regional groups, with one-third of the members being renewed each year. S3: The headquarters of the Council are at the United Nations Office at Geneva in Switzerland. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/unhrc-resolution-on-intersex-people/

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC):

• It is a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly. It consists of 47 member states, elected by the General Assembly. It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

• It is a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly.

• It consists of 47 member states, elected by the General Assembly.

• It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• Context: The United Nations Human Rights Council recently made a historic decision by adopting a resolution aimed at combating discrimination and harmful practices against intersex people.

• S1: The UNHRC is not a subsidiary body of the General Assembly but rather an intergovernmental body established by the General Assembly in 2006.

• S2: The Human Rights Council consists of 47 Member States elected directly and individually by a majority of the 193 states of the UN General Assembly. Elections take place every year. Seats are equitably distributed among the five UN regional groups, with one-third of the members being renewed each year.

• S3: The headquarters of the Council are at the United Nations Office at Geneva in Switzerland.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/unhrc-resolution-on-intersex-people/

Explanation:

• Statements 2 and 3 are correct.

• Context: The United Nations Human Rights Council recently made a historic decision by adopting a resolution aimed at combating discrimination and harmful practices against intersex people.

• S1: The UNHRC is not a subsidiary body of the General Assembly but rather an intergovernmental body established by the General Assembly in 2006.

• S3: The headquarters of the Council are at the United Nations Office at Geneva in Switzerland.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/unhrc-resolution-on-intersex-people/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points The Indian archaeological site ‘Phanigiri’ was recently in the news for: (a) Discovery of ancient manuscripts (b) Unearthing of a significant prehistoric settlement (c) Identification of a lost civilization (d) Finding of historical lead coins Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Recently around 3,730 lead coins were unearthed in an earthen pot at Phanigiri, a renowned Buddhist heritage site in Telangana. The coins, bearing an elephant symbol on the obverse and a Ujjain symbol on the reverse, are believed to belong to the Ikshvaku period. Phanigiri is considered an important Buddhist monastery located strategically on the hilltop, along the ancient trade route connecting the west and east coast of the Deccan. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/ikshvaku-era/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Recently around 3,730 lead coins were unearthed in an earthen pot at Phanigiri, a renowned Buddhist heritage site in Telangana. The coins, bearing an elephant symbol on the obverse and a Ujjain symbol on the reverse, are believed to belong to the Ikshvaku period. Phanigiri is considered an important Buddhist monastery located strategically on the hilltop, along the ancient trade route connecting the west and east coast of the Deccan. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/ikshvaku-era/

#### 5. Question

The Indian archaeological site ‘Phanigiri’ was recently in the news for:

• (a) Discovery of ancient manuscripts

• (b) Unearthing of a significant prehistoric settlement

• (c) Identification of a lost civilization

• (d) Finding of historical lead coins

Explanation:

• Context: Recently around 3,730 lead coins were unearthed in an earthen pot at Phanigiri, a renowned Buddhist heritage site in Telangana.

• The coins, bearing an elephant symbol on the obverse and a Ujjain symbol on the reverse, are believed to belong to the Ikshvaku period.

• Phanigiri is considered an important Buddhist monastery located strategically on the hilltop, along the ancient trade route connecting the west and east coast of the Deccan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/ikshvaku-era/

Explanation:

• Context: Recently around 3,730 lead coins were unearthed in an earthen pot at Phanigiri, a renowned Buddhist heritage site in Telangana.

• The coins, bearing an elephant symbol on the obverse and a Ujjain symbol on the reverse, are believed to belong to the Ikshvaku period.

• Phanigiri is considered an important Buddhist monastery located strategically on the hilltop, along the ancient trade route connecting the west and east coast of the Deccan.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/ikshvaku-era/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points During a total solar eclipse: (a) The Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth's surface. (b) The Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Moon to be completely hidden from view. (c) The Sun passes between the Earth and the Moon, blocking all sunlight from reaching the Earth. (d) The Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, resulting in a partial shadow being cast on the Earth. Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: A total solar eclipse will cross North America, passing over Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This type of solar eclipse is a rare event for any particular spot. According to Royal Museums Greenwich, once a place on Earth witnesses a total solar eclipse, it will be about 400 years before that part sees the next one. A total solar eclipse is a rare event because it occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface. Total solar eclipses are infrequent because the Moon’s orbit is tilted with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, causing the Moon’s shadow to usually pass above or below the Earth. Additionally, the umbra, or the darkest part of the Moon’s shadow where a total eclipse is visible, covers only a small portion of the Earth’s surface during each event. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/total-solar-eclipse/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: A total solar eclipse will cross North America, passing over Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This type of solar eclipse is a rare event for any particular spot. According to Royal Museums Greenwich, once a place on Earth witnesses a total solar eclipse, it will be about 400 years before that part sees the next one. A total solar eclipse is a rare event because it occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface. Total solar eclipses are infrequent because the Moon’s orbit is tilted with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, causing the Moon’s shadow to usually pass above or below the Earth. Additionally, the umbra, or the darkest part of the Moon’s shadow where a total eclipse is visible, covers only a small portion of the Earth’s surface during each event. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/total-solar-eclipse/

#### 6. Question

During a total solar eclipse:

• (a) The Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth's surface.

• (b) The Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Moon to be completely hidden from view.

• (c) The Sun passes between the Earth and the Moon, blocking all sunlight from reaching the Earth.

• (d) The Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun, resulting in a partial shadow being cast on the Earth.

Explanation:

• Context: A total solar eclipse will cross North America, passing over Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This type of solar eclipse is a rare event for any particular spot.

• According to Royal Museums Greenwich, once a place on Earth witnesses a total solar eclipse, it will be about 400 years before that part sees the next one.

• A total solar eclipse is a rare event because it occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface.

• Total solar eclipses are infrequent because the Moon’s orbit is tilted with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, causing the Moon’s shadow to usually pass above or below the Earth.

• Additionally, the umbra, or the darkest part of the Moon’s shadow where a total eclipse is visible, covers only a small portion of the Earth’s surface during each event.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/total-solar-eclipse/

Explanation:

• Context: A total solar eclipse will cross North America, passing over Mexico, the United States, and Canada. This type of solar eclipse is a rare event for any particular spot.

• According to Royal Museums Greenwich, once a place on Earth witnesses a total solar eclipse, it will be about 400 years before that part sees the next one.

• A total solar eclipse is a rare event because it occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface.

• Total solar eclipses are infrequent because the Moon’s orbit is tilted with respect to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, causing the Moon’s shadow to usually pass above or below the Earth.

• Additionally, the umbra, or the darkest part of the Moon’s shadow where a total eclipse is visible, covers only a small portion of the Earth’s surface during each event.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/total-solar-eclipse/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” report was released by (a) IMF (b) WEF (c) UNESCAP (d) WTO Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” was released by UNESCAP About UNESCAP: The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (est. 1947; HQ: Bangkok) serves as a pivotal forum for governments across the region to convene and deliberate on matters pertaining to economic and social development. Currently, it comprises 53 member countries and 9 associate members, with India being one of its prominent members. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/reports-in-news-3/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” was released by UNESCAP About UNESCAP: The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (est. 1947; HQ: Bangkok) serves as a pivotal forum for governments across the region to convene and deliberate on matters pertaining to economic and social development. Currently, it comprises 53 member countries and 9 associate members, with India being one of its prominent members. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/reports-in-news-3/

#### 7. Question

“Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” report was released by

• (c) UNESCAP

Explanation:

• “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” was released by UNESCAP

• About UNESCAP: The United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) (est. 1947; HQ: Bangkok) serves as a pivotal forum for governments across the region to convene and deliberate on matters pertaining to economic and social development. Currently, it comprises 53 member countries and 9 associate members, with India being one of its prominent members.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/reports-in-news-3/

Explanation:

• “Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024” was released by UNESCAP

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/reports-in-news-3/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Kala-azar: It is caused by a bacterium transmitted through contaminated water. It progresses slowly and primarily affects the brain cells. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: India has successfully achieved its target to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, according to data from the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) It is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania (transmitted by sandfly bites). It progresses slowly and primarily affects organs like the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. In India, it’s caused by Leishmania donovani, with the term “kala-azar” meaning “black disease” due to skin discoloration. Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) occurs when the parasite affects skin cells, resulting in dermal lesions. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/india-has-eliminated-kala-azar/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: India has successfully achieved its target to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, according to data from the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) It is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania (transmitted by sandfly bites). It progresses slowly and primarily affects organs like the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. In India, it’s caused by Leishmania donovani, with the term “kala-azar” meaning “black disease” due to skin discoloration. Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) occurs when the parasite affects skin cells, resulting in dermal lesions. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/india-has-eliminated-kala-azar/

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about Kala-azar:

• It is caused by a bacterium transmitted through contaminated water. It progresses slowly and primarily affects the brain cells.

• It is caused by a bacterium transmitted through contaminated water.

• It progresses slowly and primarily affects the brain cells.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Context: India has successfully achieved its target to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, according to data from the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC)

• It is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania (transmitted by sandfly bites). It progresses slowly and primarily affects organs like the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. In India, it’s caused by Leishmania donovani, with the term “kala-azar” meaning “black disease” due to skin discoloration. Post-Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) occurs when the parasite affects skin cells, resulting in dermal lesions.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/india-has-eliminated-kala-azar/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/india-has-eliminated-kala-azar/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following organisms utilizes the ‘nematocyst method’ for defense and capturing prey? (a) Arachnids (b) Cnidarians (c) Mollusks (d) Annelids Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: An unusual occurrence of venomous jellyfish blooms, particularly Pelagia noctiluca, was reported along the Visakhapatnam coast in Andhra Pradesh recently. Pelagia noctiluca, rarely seen on the East coast of India, is known for causing various illnesses including diarrhoea, vomiting, extreme pain, and anaphylactic shock. The blooms are attributed to rising ocean temperatures, posing risks to both fishing industries and tourism. Nematocysts are specialized organelles found in the cells of cnidarians, which include jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, and hydras. These organisms use nematocysts primarily for defense and prey capture. Nematocysts are capsules containing venomous threads that can be discharged to stun or kill prey or deter predators. Arachnids (option A), such as spiders and scorpions, use different mechanisms for predation, like venom injection through fangs. Mollusks (option C) and annelids (option D) do not possess nematocysts; instead, they may employ other methods for protection and predation, such as shells or burrowing. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/venomous-jellyfish-blooms/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: An unusual occurrence of venomous jellyfish blooms, particularly Pelagia noctiluca, was reported along the Visakhapatnam coast in Andhra Pradesh recently. Pelagia noctiluca, rarely seen on the East coast of India, is known for causing various illnesses including diarrhoea, vomiting, extreme pain, and anaphylactic shock. The blooms are attributed to rising ocean temperatures, posing risks to both fishing industries and tourism. Nematocysts are specialized organelles found in the cells of cnidarians, which include jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, and hydras. These organisms use nematocysts primarily for defense and prey capture. Nematocysts are capsules containing venomous threads that can be discharged to stun or kill prey or deter predators. Arachnids (option A), such as spiders and scorpions, use different mechanisms for predation, like venom injection through fangs. Mollusks (option C) and annelids (option D) do not possess nematocysts; instead, they may employ other methods for protection and predation, such as shells or burrowing. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/venomous-jellyfish-blooms/

#### 9. Question

Which of the following organisms utilizes the ‘nematocyst method’ for defense and capturing prey?

• (a) Arachnids

• (b) Cnidarians

• (c) Mollusks

• (d) Annelids

Explanation:

• Context: An unusual occurrence of venomous jellyfish blooms, particularly Pelagia noctiluca, was reported along the Visakhapatnam coast in Andhra Pradesh recently. Pelagia noctiluca, rarely seen on the East coast of India, is known for causing various illnesses including diarrhoea, vomiting, extreme pain, and anaphylactic shock. The blooms are attributed to rising ocean temperatures, posing risks to both fishing industries and tourism.

• Pelagia noctiluca, rarely seen on the East coast of India, is known for causing various illnesses including diarrhoea, vomiting, extreme pain, and anaphylactic shock.

• The blooms are attributed to rising ocean temperatures, posing risks to both fishing industries and tourism.

• Nematocysts are specialized organelles found in the cells of cnidarians, which include jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, and hydras. These organisms use nematocysts primarily for defense and prey capture. Nematocysts are capsules containing venomous threads that can be discharged to stun or kill prey or deter predators. Arachnids (option A), such as spiders and scorpions, use different mechanisms for predation, like venom injection through fangs. Mollusks (option C) and annelids (option D) do not possess nematocysts; instead, they may employ other methods for protection and predation, such as shells or burrowing.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/venomous-jellyfish-blooms/

Explanation:

• Pelagia noctiluca, rarely seen on the East coast of India, is known for causing various illnesses including diarrhoea, vomiting, extreme pain, and anaphylactic shock.

• The blooms are attributed to rising ocean temperatures, posing risks to both fishing industries and tourism.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/venomous-jellyfish-blooms/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points With reference to doping in sports, consider the following statements: Doping refers only to the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. Doping is always intentional and premeditated. Doping can include the use of prohibited methods such as blood transfusions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: India maintains its unfortunate status as one of the top countries for doping cases, with 3.2% of samples testing positive according to WADA’s 2022 statistics. What is Doping? Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Reasons for doping include seeking publicity, recovering from injury, technological advancements, and a win-at-all-costs mindset. S1 – this statement is incorrect. While the use of performance-enhancing drugs is a common form of doping, it is not the only method. Doping can also involve the use of prohibited methods or substances to enhance performance. S2 – this statement is incorrect. While intentional doping is a significant concern, there have been cases where athletes inadvertently consume banned substances through contaminated supplements or medications. S3 – this statement is correct. Doping encompasses a range of prohibited methods, including the use of performance-enhancing drugs, as well as prohibited methods such as blood transfusions, gene doping, and manipulation of blood components. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/doping-in-sports/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: India maintains its unfortunate status as one of the top countries for doping cases, with 3.2% of samples testing positive according to WADA’s 2022 statistics. What is Doping? Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Reasons for doping include seeking publicity, recovering from injury, technological advancements, and a win-at-all-costs mindset. S1 – this statement is incorrect. While the use of performance-enhancing drugs is a common form of doping, it is not the only method. Doping can also involve the use of prohibited methods or substances to enhance performance. S2 – this statement is incorrect. While intentional doping is a significant concern, there have been cases where athletes inadvertently consume banned substances through contaminated supplements or medications. S3 – this statement is correct. Doping encompasses a range of prohibited methods, including the use of performance-enhancing drugs, as well as prohibited methods such as blood transfusions, gene doping, and manipulation of blood components. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/doping-in-sports/

#### 10. Question

With reference to doping in sports, consider the following statements:

• Doping refers only to the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. Doping is always intentional and premeditated. Doping can include the use of prohibited methods such as blood transfusions.

• Doping refers only to the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes.

• Doping is always intentional and premeditated.

• Doping can include the use of prohibited methods such as blood transfusions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Context: India maintains its unfortunate status as one of the top countries for doping cases, with 3.2% of samples testing positive according to WADA’s 2022 statistics.

• What is Doping? Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance. Reasons for doping include seeking publicity, recovering from injury, technological advancements, and a win-at-all-costs mindset.

• Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance.

• Reasons for doping include seeking publicity, recovering from injury, technological advancements, and a win-at-all-costs mindset.

• S1 – this statement is incorrect. While the use of performance-enhancing drugs is a common form of doping, it is not the only method. Doping can also involve the use of prohibited methods or substances to enhance performance.

• S2 – this statement is incorrect. While intentional doping is a significant concern, there have been cases where athletes inadvertently consume banned substances through contaminated supplements or medications.

• S3 – this statement is correct. Doping encompasses a range of prohibited methods, including the use of performance-enhancing drugs, as well as prohibited methods such as blood transfusions, gene doping, and manipulation of blood components.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/doping-in-sports/

Explanation:

• Context: India maintains its unfortunate status as one of the top countries for doping cases, with 3.2% of samples testing positive according to WADA’s 2022 statistics.

• Doping refers to the use of prohibited substances or methods to enhance athletic performance.

• Reasons for doping include seeking publicity, recovering from injury, technological advancements, and a win-at-all-costs mindset.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/08/doping-in-sports/

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