UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 8 November 2024

.The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points What is the primary reason for designating the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a Tuna Cluster under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)? a) The islands are close to Southeast Asia, making them ideal for tuna trade. b) The region has over-utilized fisheries, needing regulation. c) It has the largest tuna catch in the world. d) The region is a popular tourism destination, which supports seafood trade. Correct Solution: a) The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been designated as a Tuna Cluster because their proximity to Southeast Asia offers strategic trade advantages and access to rich, under-utilized tuna resources within India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Option (b) is incorrect as the EEZ here is under-utilized rather than over-exploited. Option (c) is incorrect because the region does not have the largest tuna catch globally, and option (d) is unrelated to the primary objective of developing tuna fisheries. Incorrect Solution: a) The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been designated as a Tuna Cluster because their proximity to Southeast Asia offers strategic trade advantages and access to rich, under-utilized tuna resources within India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Option (b) is incorrect as the EEZ here is under-utilized rather than over-exploited. Option (c) is incorrect because the region does not have the largest tuna catch globally, and option (d) is unrelated to the primary objective of developing tuna fisheries.

#### 1. Question

What is the primary reason for designating the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a Tuna Cluster under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)?

• a) The islands are close to Southeast Asia, making them ideal for tuna trade.

• b) The region has over-utilized fisheries, needing regulation.

• c) It has the largest tuna catch in the world.

• d) The region is a popular tourism destination, which supports seafood trade.

Solution: a)

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have been designated as a Tuna Cluster because their proximity to Southeast Asia offers strategic trade advantages and access to rich, under-utilized tuna resources within India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

Option (b) is incorrect as the EEZ here is under-utilized rather than over-exploited.

Option (c) is incorrect because the region does not have the largest tuna catch globally, and

option (d) is unrelated to the primary objective of developing tuna fisheries.

Solution: a)

Option (b) is incorrect as the EEZ here is under-utilized rather than over-exploited.

Option (c) is incorrect because the region does not have the largest tuna catch globally, and

option (d) is unrelated to the primary objective of developing tuna fisheries.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF): TTDF primarily focuses on providing affordable telecom services in urban and suburban regions. The fund is managed by the Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communications. TTDF promotes technology co-innovation between academia, industry, and startups. TTDF provides grants to Indian entities involved in telecom innovation and indigenous manufacturing. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect as the fund primarily targets rural and remote areas rather than urban or suburban regions. Statement 2 is correct. The TTDF is managed by the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications. Statements 3 and 4 are correct. TTDF provides grants to Indian entities to foster telecom innovation and promote indigenous manufacturing, and it also promotes technology co-innovation among academia, startups, and the telecom industry. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect as the fund primarily targets rural and remote areas rather than urban or suburban regions. Statement 2 is correct. The TTDF is managed by the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications. Statements 3 and 4 are correct. TTDF provides grants to Indian entities to foster telecom innovation and promote indigenous manufacturing, and it also promotes technology co-innovation among academia, startups, and the telecom industry.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the Telecom Technology Development Fund (TTDF):

• TTDF primarily focuses on providing affordable telecom services in urban and suburban regions.

• The fund is managed by the Department of Telecommunications under the Ministry of Communications.

• TTDF promotes technology co-innovation between academia, industry, and startups.

• TTDF provides grants to Indian entities involved in telecom innovation and indigenous manufacturing.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect as the fund primarily targets rural and remote areas rather than urban or suburban regions.

Statement 2 is correct. The TTDF is managed by the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications.

Statements 3 and 4 are correct. TTDF provides grants to Indian entities to foster telecom innovation and promote indigenous manufacturing, and it also promotes technology co-innovation among academia, startups, and the telecom industry.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect as the fund primarily targets rural and remote areas rather than urban or suburban regions.

Statement 2 is correct. The TTDF is managed by the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Agrivoltaic farming: Agrivoltaic farming requires panels to be installed very close to the ground to maximize energy output. Shading from solar panels reduces water loss by decreasing evaporation from the soil. Agrivoltaic farming is only possible in arid and semi-arid regions due to the need for high sunlight exposure. Which of the above statements is correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: c) Statement 2 is correct. Shading from solar panels in agrivoltaic systems reduces evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs. Statement 1 is incorrect as agrivoltaic systems require panels to be elevated 2-3 meters to allow for crop growth underneath, not close to the ground. Statement 3 is incorrect because agrivoltaics can be implemented in a variety of climates, not just arid regions. About Agrivoltaic Farming: Definition: Agrivoltaic farming is the simultaneous use of land for agriculture and solar energy generation, allowing crops to grow beneath solar panels. Agrivoltaic farming working: Elevated panels: Solar panels are raised 2-3 meters, providing space for crops to grow beneath with adequate light and air. Angle and Spacing: Panels are angled and spaced to optimize sunlight for both solar energy and crop growth. Shade and Protection: Panels offer shade, reducing heat stress and protecting crops from harsh weather. Water conservation: Shading lowers evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs. Greenhouse integration: Panels on greenhouse roofs allow light/rain for crops while generating energy. Dual harvesting: Utilizes land for both solar power and agriculture, maximizing energy and food production. Significance of Agrivoltaic Farming: Enhanced Land Use: Maximizes land efficiency by combining agriculture and solar energy production on the same land. Climate resilience: Provides shade to crops, reducing heat stress and water loss, and protecting from extreme weather. Renewable energy generation: Contributes to solar power expansion, supporting climate goals and energy needs. Increased food security: Supports sustainable food production for a growing population without needing additional land. Economic benefits: Enables farmers to diversify income through both crop production and solar energy revenue. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 2 is correct. Shading from solar panels in agrivoltaic systems reduces evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs. Statement 1 is incorrect as agrivoltaic systems require panels to be elevated 2-3 meters to allow for crop growth underneath, not close to the ground. Statement 3 is incorrect because agrivoltaics can be implemented in a variety of climates, not just arid regions. About Agrivoltaic Farming: Definition: Agrivoltaic farming is the simultaneous use of land for agriculture and solar energy generation, allowing crops to grow beneath solar panels. Agrivoltaic farming working: Elevated panels: Solar panels are raised 2-3 meters, providing space for crops to grow beneath with adequate light and air. Angle and Spacing: Panels are angled and spaced to optimize sunlight for both solar energy and crop growth. Shade and Protection: Panels offer shade, reducing heat stress and protecting crops from harsh weather. Water conservation: Shading lowers evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs. Greenhouse integration: Panels on greenhouse roofs allow light/rain for crops while generating energy. Dual harvesting: Utilizes land for both solar power and agriculture, maximizing energy and food production. Significance of Agrivoltaic Farming: Enhanced Land Use: Maximizes land efficiency by combining agriculture and solar energy production on the same land. Climate resilience: Provides shade to crops, reducing heat stress and water loss, and protecting from extreme weather. Renewable energy generation: Contributes to solar power expansion, supporting climate goals and energy needs. Increased food security: Supports sustainable food production for a growing population without needing additional land. Economic benefits: Enables farmers to diversify income through both crop production and solar energy revenue.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about Agrivoltaic farming:

• Agrivoltaic farming requires panels to be installed very close to the ground to maximize energy output.

• Shading from solar panels reduces water loss by decreasing evaporation from the soil.

• Agrivoltaic farming is only possible in arid and semi-arid regions due to the need for high sunlight exposure.

Which of the above statements is correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 2 only

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: c)

Statement 2 is correct. Shading from solar panels in agrivoltaic systems reduces evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs.

Statement 1 is incorrect as agrivoltaic systems require panels to be elevated 2-3 meters to allow for crop growth underneath, not close to the ground.

Statement 3 is incorrect because agrivoltaics can be implemented in a variety of climates, not just arid regions.

About Agrivoltaic Farming:

• Definition: Agrivoltaic farming is the simultaneous use of land for agriculture and solar energy generation, allowing crops to grow beneath solar panels.

Agrivoltaic farming working:

• Elevated panels: Solar panels are raised 2-3 meters, providing space for crops to grow beneath with adequate light and air.

• Angle and Spacing: Panels are angled and spaced to optimize sunlight for both solar energy and crop growth.

• Shade and Protection: Panels offer shade, reducing heat stress and protecting crops from harsh weather.

• Water conservation: Shading lowers evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs.

• Greenhouse integration: Panels on greenhouse roofs allow light/rain for crops while generating energy.

• Dual harvesting: Utilizes land for both solar power and agriculture, maximizing energy and food production.

Significance of Agrivoltaic Farming:

• Enhanced Land Use: Maximizes land efficiency by combining agriculture and solar energy production on the same land.

• Climate resilience: Provides shade to crops, reducing heat stress and water loss, and protecting from extreme weather.

• Renewable energy generation: Contributes to solar power expansion, supporting climate goals and energy needs.

• Increased food security: Supports sustainable food production for a growing population without needing additional land.

• Economic benefits: Enables farmers to diversify income through both crop production and solar energy revenue.

Solution: c)

Statement 2 is correct. Shading from solar panels in agrivoltaic systems reduces evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs.

Statement 1 is incorrect as agrivoltaic systems require panels to be elevated 2-3 meters to allow for crop growth underneath, not close to the ground.

Statement 3 is incorrect because agrivoltaics can be implemented in a variety of climates, not just arid regions.

About Agrivoltaic Farming:

• Definition: Agrivoltaic farming is the simultaneous use of land for agriculture and solar energy generation, allowing crops to grow beneath solar panels.

Agrivoltaic farming working:

• Elevated panels: Solar panels are raised 2-3 meters, providing space for crops to grow beneath with adequate light and air.

• Angle and Spacing: Panels are angled and spaced to optimize sunlight for both solar energy and crop growth.

• Shade and Protection: Panels offer shade, reducing heat stress and protecting crops from harsh weather.

• Water conservation: Shading lowers evaporation, conserving soil moisture and reducing water needs.

• Greenhouse integration: Panels on greenhouse roofs allow light/rain for crops while generating energy.

• Dual harvesting: Utilizes land for both solar power and agriculture, maximizing energy and food production.

Significance of Agrivoltaic Farming:

• Enhanced Land Use: Maximizes land efficiency by combining agriculture and solar energy production on the same land.

• Climate resilience: Provides shade to crops, reducing heat stress and water loss, and protecting from extreme weather.

• Renewable energy generation: Contributes to solar power expansion, supporting climate goals and energy needs.

• Increased food security: Supports sustainable food production for a growing population without needing additional land.

• Economic benefits: Enables farmers to diversify income through both crop production and solar energy revenue.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the working principles of Gravity Energy Storage: Gravity Energy Storage primarily stores energy by converting electrical energy into thermal energy. This technology relies solely on batteries for energy storage and release. The technology is ideal for urban areas with limited space as it requires only minimal infrastructure. It is currently in the early stages of development, facing high initial setup costs and regulatory challenges. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: a) Only statement 4 is correct. Gravity Energy Storage works by lifting a heavy mass during periods of excess energy generation, creating potential energy. When energy demand rises, the mass is lowered, converting potential energy back into electrical energy via a turbine. Statement 1 is incorrect as the technology does not store energy as thermal energy. Statement 2 is incorrect as it does not rely on batteries for storage or release. Statement 3 is incorrect as this technology requires substantial infrastructure, making it less suitable for densely populated urban areas. Statement 4 is correct. Gravity Energy Storage is cost-effective for grid-scale applications because of its low maintenance and long lifespan, but it is still in early development and has high setup costs. About Gravity Energy Storage: What it is: A renewable energy storage technology that uses gravitational force to store and release energy, especially suitable for grid-scale applications. How It works: During excess energy generation, a heavy mass (water, concrete, or compressed earth blocks) is lifted, converting electrical energy into stored potential energy. When energy demand rises, the mass is released, descending to drive water through a turbine, generating electricity. Advantages: Longevity: Lasts for decades with minimal maintenance compared to battery systems. Environmentally friendly: No harmful chemicals; reduces disposal and environmental impact. Cost-effective: Offers lower lifetime energy and storage costs for large-scale applications. Flexible deployment: Can be used in areas unsuitable for pumped-hydro or large battery systems, such as urban or constrained environments. Limitations: Early Development Stage: High initial setup costs and regulatory challenges. Geographic limitations: Requires suitable locations for large infrastructure. Limited energy density: While effective for grid storage, less efficient for compact or smaller-scale applications compared to batteries. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 4 is correct. Gravity Energy Storage works by lifting a heavy mass during periods of excess energy generation, creating potential energy. When energy demand rises, the mass is lowered, converting potential energy back into electrical energy via a turbine. Statement 1 is incorrect as the technology does not store energy as thermal energy. Statement 2 is incorrect as it does not rely on batteries for storage or release. Statement 3 is incorrect as this technology requires substantial infrastructure, making it less suitable for densely populated urban areas. Statement 4 is correct. Gravity Energy Storage is cost-effective for grid-scale applications because of its low maintenance and long lifespan, but it is still in early development and has high setup costs. About Gravity Energy Storage: What it is: A renewable energy storage technology that uses gravitational force to store and release energy, especially suitable for grid-scale applications. How It works: During excess energy generation, a heavy mass (water, concrete, or compressed earth blocks) is lifted, converting electrical energy into stored potential energy. When energy demand rises, the mass is released, descending to drive water through a turbine, generating electricity. Advantages: Longevity: Lasts for decades with minimal maintenance compared to battery systems. Environmentally friendly: No harmful chemicals; reduces disposal and environmental impact. Cost-effective: Offers lower lifetime energy and storage costs for large-scale applications. Flexible deployment: Can be used in areas unsuitable for pumped-hydro or large battery systems, such as urban or constrained environments. Limitations: Early Development Stage: High initial setup costs and regulatory challenges. Geographic limitations: Requires suitable locations for large infrastructure. Limited energy density: While effective for grid storage, less efficient for compact or smaller-scale applications compared to batteries.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the working principles of Gravity Energy Storage:

• Gravity Energy Storage primarily stores energy by converting electrical energy into thermal energy.

• This technology relies solely on batteries for energy storage and release.

• The technology is ideal for urban areas with limited space as it requires only minimal infrastructure.

• It is currently in the early stages of development, facing high initial setup costs and regulatory challenges.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: a)

Only statement 4 is correct.

Gravity Energy Storage works by lifting a heavy mass during periods of excess energy generation, creating potential energy. When energy demand rises, the mass is lowered, converting potential energy back into electrical energy via a turbine.

Statement 1 is incorrect as the technology does not store energy as thermal energy.

Statement 2 is incorrect as it does not rely on batteries for storage or release.

Statement 3 is incorrect as this technology requires substantial infrastructure, making it less suitable for densely populated urban areas.

Statement 4 is correct. Gravity Energy Storage is cost-effective for grid-scale applications because of its low maintenance and long lifespan, but it is still in early development and has high setup costs.

About Gravity Energy Storage:

What it is: A renewable energy storage technology that uses gravitational force to store and release energy, especially suitable for grid-scale applications.

How It works:

During excess energy generation, a heavy mass (water, concrete, or compressed earth blocks) is lifted, converting electrical energy into stored potential energy.

When energy demand rises, the mass is released, descending to drive water through a turbine, generating electricity.

Advantages:

Longevity: Lasts for decades with minimal maintenance compared to battery systems.

Environmentally friendly: No harmful chemicals; reduces disposal and environmental impact.

Cost-effective: Offers lower lifetime energy and storage costs for large-scale applications.

Flexible deployment: Can be used in areas unsuitable for pumped-hydro or large battery systems, such as urban or constrained environments.

Limitations:

Early Development Stage: High initial setup costs and regulatory challenges.

Geographic limitations: Requires suitable locations for large infrastructure.

Limited energy density: While effective for grid storage, less efficient for compact or smaller-scale applications compared to batteries.

Solution: a)

Only statement 4 is correct.

Statement 1 is incorrect as the technology does not store energy as thermal energy.

Statement 2 is incorrect as it does not rely on batteries for storage or release.

Statement 3 is incorrect as this technology requires substantial infrastructure, making it less suitable for densely populated urban areas.

About Gravity Energy Storage:

What it is: A renewable energy storage technology that uses gravitational force to store and release energy, especially suitable for grid-scale applications.

How It works:

During excess energy generation, a heavy mass (water, concrete, or compressed earth blocks) is lifted, converting electrical energy into stored potential energy.

When energy demand rises, the mass is released, descending to drive water through a turbine, generating electricity.

Advantages:

Longevity: Lasts for decades with minimal maintenance compared to battery systems.

Environmentally friendly: No harmful chemicals; reduces disposal and environmental impact.

Cost-effective: Offers lower lifetime energy and storage costs for large-scale applications.

Flexible deployment: Can be used in areas unsuitable for pumped-hydro or large battery systems, such as urban or constrained environments.

Limitations:

Early Development Stage: High initial setup costs and regulatory challenges.

Geographic limitations: Requires suitable locations for large infrastructure.

Limited energy density: While effective for grid storage, less efficient for compact or smaller-scale applications compared to batteries.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points What is the primary objective of the PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme? a) To provide job placements for students from top HEIs b) To offer financial assistance to meritorious students for quality higher education c) To create free hostel accommodations for economically backward students d) To establish a digital database of all students availing education loans Correct Solution: b) The main objective of the PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme is to ensure that meritorious students can access quality higher education without financial barriers. This is achieved through various loan features and interest subventions. Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect as the scheme does not focus on job placements, hostel accommodations, or a student database, but rather on providing financial support for education. Incorrect Solution: b) The main objective of the PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme is to ensure that meritorious students can access quality higher education without financial barriers. This is achieved through various loan features and interest subventions. Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect as the scheme does not focus on job placements, hostel accommodations, or a student database, but rather on providing financial support for education.

#### 5. Question

What is the primary objective of the PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme?

• a) To provide job placements for students from top HEIs

• b) To offer financial assistance to meritorious students for quality higher education

• c) To create free hostel accommodations for economically backward students

• d) To establish a digital database of all students availing education loans

Solution: b)

The main objective of the PM Vidyalaxmi Scheme is to ensure that meritorious students can access quality higher education without financial barriers. This is achieved through various loan features and interest subventions.

Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect as the scheme does not focus on job placements, hostel accommodations, or a student database, but rather on providing financial support for education.

Solution: b)

Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect as the scheme does not focus on job placements, hostel accommodations, or a student database, but rather on providing financial support for education.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which of the following is the primary threat to the survival of the Markhor (the world’s largest wild goat) in its natural habitat? a) Predation by large carnivores in mountainous regions b) Lack of access to water sources in arid regions c) Loss of fur due to climate changes in high altitudes d) Habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its distinctive Correct Solution: d) The Markhor faces significant threats from habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its spiral horns. Predation by large carnivores is not a primary threat to their population. About Markhor: Scientific name:Capra falconeri The UN General Assembly proclaimed 24 May the International Day of the Markhor, and it is celebrated for the first time in 2024. Distinctive features:Spiral horns (up to 160 cm in males), thick fur in shades of brown and gray; males weigh 80-110 kg, females weigh 32-50 kg. Habitat:Mountainous regions at 600–3,600 meters in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India (J&K), and Tajikistan. Diet:Herbivorous; feeds on grasses, leaves, herbs, and woody plants in winter. Social behavior:Males often solitary or in small groups, while females and young form larger herds. Threats:Illegal hunting for horns, habitat encroachment, livestock competition, and climate change effects. Conservation status:Listed as Near Threatened by IUCN; conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, reducing poaching, and managing livestock competition. Incorrect Solution: d) The Markhor faces significant threats from habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its spiral horns. Predation by large carnivores is not a primary threat to their population. About Markhor: Scientific name:Capra falconeri The UN General Assembly proclaimed 24 May the International Day of the Markhor, and it is celebrated for the first time in 2024. Distinctive features:Spiral horns (up to 160 cm in males), thick fur in shades of brown and gray; males weigh 80-110 kg, females weigh 32-50 kg. Habitat:Mountainous regions at 600–3,600 meters in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India (J&K), and Tajikistan. Diet:Herbivorous; feeds on grasses, leaves, herbs, and woody plants in winter. Social behavior:Males often solitary or in small groups, while females and young form larger herds. Threats:Illegal hunting for horns, habitat encroachment, livestock competition, and climate change effects. Conservation status:Listed as Near Threatened by IUCN; conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, reducing poaching, and managing livestock competition.

#### 6. Question

Which of the following is the primary threat to the survival of the Markhor (the world’s largest wild goat) in its natural habitat?

• a) Predation by large carnivores in mountainous regions

• b) Lack of access to water sources in arid regions

• c) Loss of fur due to climate changes in high altitudes

• d) Habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its distinctive

Solution: d)

The Markhor faces significant threats from habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its spiral horns. Predation by large carnivores is not a primary threat to their population.

About Markhor:

• Scientific name:Capra falconeri

• The UN General Assembly proclaimed 24 May the International Day of the Markhor, and it is celebrated for the first time in 2024.

• Distinctive features:Spiral horns (up to 160 cm in males), thick fur in shades of brown and gray; males weigh 80-110 kg, females weigh 32-50 kg.

• Habitat:Mountainous regions at 600–3,600 meters in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India (J&K), and Tajikistan.

• Diet:Herbivorous; feeds on grasses, leaves, herbs, and woody plants in winter.

• Social behavior:Males often solitary or in small groups, while females and young form larger herds.

• Threats:Illegal hunting for horns, habitat encroachment, livestock competition, and climate change effects.

• Conservation status:Listed as Near Threatened by IUCN; conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, reducing poaching, and managing livestock competition.

Solution: d)

The Markhor faces significant threats from habitat encroachment and illegal hunting for its spiral horns. Predation by large carnivores is not a primary threat to their population.

About Markhor:

• Scientific name:Capra falconeri

• The UN General Assembly proclaimed 24 May the International Day of the Markhor, and it is celebrated for the first time in 2024.

• Distinctive features:Spiral horns (up to 160 cm in males), thick fur in shades of brown and gray; males weigh 80-110 kg, females weigh 32-50 kg.

• Habitat:Mountainous regions at 600–3,600 meters in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India (J&K), and Tajikistan.

• Diet:Herbivorous; feeds on grasses, leaves, herbs, and woody plants in winter.

• Social behavior:Males often solitary or in small groups, while females and young form larger herds.

• Threats:Illegal hunting for horns, habitat encroachment, livestock competition, and climate change effects.

• Conservation status:Listed as Near Threatened by IUCN; conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, reducing poaching, and managing livestock competition.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the economic benefits of agrivoltaic farming: Agrivoltaic farming allows farmers to earn revenue from both agricultural produce and solar energy generation. It requires significant reductions in crop production to make space for solar panels, thus lowering agricultural output. Agrivoltaic systems often come with government incentives or subsidies, further supporting farmers’ incomes. Which of the above statements is correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) All of the above Correct Solution: a) Agrivoltaic farming enables farmers to diversify income by earning from both crop production and solar energy, and government incentives often support agrivoltaic installations. Statement 2 is incorrect because agrivoltaic farming is designed to balance crop and solar panel placement without significant reductions in agricultural output. Incorrect Solution: a) Agrivoltaic farming enables farmers to diversify income by earning from both crop production and solar energy, and government incentives often support agrivoltaic installations. Statement 2 is incorrect because agrivoltaic farming is designed to balance crop and solar panel placement without significant reductions in agricultural output.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the economic benefits of agrivoltaic farming:

• Agrivoltaic farming allows farmers to earn revenue from both agricultural produce and solar energy generation.

• It requires significant reductions in crop production to make space for solar panels, thus lowering agricultural output.

• Agrivoltaic systems often come with government incentives or subsidies, further supporting farmers’ incomes.

Which of the above statements is correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) All of the above

Solution: a)

Agrivoltaic farming enables farmers to diversify income by earning from both crop production and solar energy, and government incentives often support agrivoltaic installations.

Statement 2 is incorrect because agrivoltaic farming is designed to balance crop and solar panel placement without significant reductions in agricultural output.

Solution: a)

Agrivoltaic farming enables farmers to diversify income by earning from both crop production and solar energy, and government incentives often support agrivoltaic installations.

Statement 2 is incorrect because agrivoltaic farming is designed to balance crop and solar panel placement without significant reductions in agricultural output.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): PMMSY includes both the Central Sector Scheme (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) as its main components. The scheme focuses on enhancing the fisheries sector solely through funding for ornamental fisheries. PMMSY has designated Hazaribagh District in Jharkhand as a priority area for pearl culture. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. PMMSY is structured as an umbrella scheme comprising both Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), which supports holistic growth in fisheries. Additionally, Hazaribagh District in Jharkhand is a priority location for pearl culture under the scheme. Statement 2 is incorrect because PMMSY’s focus areas extend beyond ornamental fisheries and include a variety of fisheries-related activities. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. PMMSY is structured as an umbrella scheme comprising both Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), which supports holistic growth in fisheries. Additionally, Hazaribagh District in Jharkhand is a priority location for pearl culture under the scheme. Statement 2 is incorrect because PMMSY’s focus areas extend beyond ornamental fisheries and include a variety of fisheries-related activities.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY):

• PMMSY includes both the Central Sector Scheme (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) as its main components.

• The scheme focuses on enhancing the fisheries sector solely through funding for ornamental fisheries.

• PMMSY has designated Hazaribagh District in Jharkhand as a priority area for pearl culture.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. PMMSY is structured as an umbrella scheme comprising both Central Sector (CS) and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSS), which supports holistic growth in fisheries. Additionally, Hazaribagh District in Jharkhand is a priority location for pearl culture under the scheme.

Statement 2 is incorrect because PMMSY’s focus areas extend beyond ornamental fisheries and include a variety of fisheries-related activities.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect because PMMSY’s focus areas extend beyond ornamental fisheries and include a variety of fisheries-related activities.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding allulose: Allulose is 100% as sweet as regular sugar, making it a perfect substitute for sugar in the same quantities. Allulose can aid in weight management due to its nearly zero-calorie content. It is classified as a “novel food” in the European Union, meaning its approval status is still pending. Allulose is widely approved and recognized as safe for consumption without any reported side effects. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: b) Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Allulose is beneficial for weight management due to its low-calorie content, and it is classified as a “novel food” in the EU, meaning its regulatory approval is still limited in certain regions. Statement 1 is incorrect as allulose is only 70% as sweet as regular sugar. Statement 4 is incorrect as high consumption of allulose can lead to gastrointestinal issues. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Allulose is beneficial for weight management due to its low-calorie content, and it is classified as a “novel food” in the EU, meaning its regulatory approval is still limited in certain regions. Statement 1 is incorrect as allulose is only 70% as sweet as regular sugar. Statement 4 is incorrect as high consumption of allulose can lead to gastrointestinal issues.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding allulose:

• Allulose is 100% as sweet as regular sugar, making it a perfect substitute for sugar in the same quantities.

• Allulose can aid in weight management due to its nearly zero-calorie content.

• It is classified as a “novel food” in the European Union, meaning its approval status is still pending.

• Allulose is widely approved and recognized as safe for consumption without any reported side effects.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: b)

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Allulose is beneficial for weight management due to its low-calorie content, and it is classified as a “novel food” in the EU, meaning its regulatory approval is still limited in certain regions.

Statement 1 is incorrect as allulose is only 70% as sweet as regular sugar.

Statement 4 is incorrect as high consumption of allulose can lead to gastrointestinal issues.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect as allulose is only 70% as sweet as regular sugar.

Statement 4 is incorrect as high consumption of allulose can lead to gastrointestinal issues.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the MAHASAGAR initiative: MAHASAGAR involves annual in-person meetings of maritime agencies from Indian Ocean Region nations. The initiative was started by India to address economic challenges in the Indian Ocean Region. The recent edition of MAHASAGAR focused on maritime trade and resource sharing among Indian Ocean nations. Which of the above statements is correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because MAHASAGAR is a bi-annual virtual platform rather than an in-person meeting. Statement 2 is incorrect as the initiative was launched by the Indian Navy in 2023 and focuses on maritime security, not economic challenges. Statement 3 is incorrect as the third edition emphasized collaboration on training and capacity-building, particularly for maritime security, rather than trade or resource sharing. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because MAHASAGAR is a bi-annual virtual platform rather than an in-person meeting. Statement 2 is incorrect as the initiative was launched by the Indian Navy in 2023 and focuses on maritime security, not economic challenges. Statement 3 is incorrect as the third edition emphasized collaboration on training and capacity-building, particularly for maritime security, rather than trade or resource sharing.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the MAHASAGAR initiative:

• MAHASAGAR involves annual in-person meetings of maritime agencies from Indian Ocean Region nations.

• The initiative was started by India to address economic challenges in the Indian Ocean Region.

• The recent edition of MAHASAGAR focused on maritime trade and resource sharing among Indian Ocean nations.

Which of the above statements is correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because MAHASAGAR is a bi-annual virtual platform rather than an in-person meeting.

Statement 2 is incorrect as the initiative was launched by the Indian Navy in 2023 and focuses on maritime security, not economic challenges.

Statement 3 is incorrect as the third edition emphasized collaboration on training and capacity-building, particularly for maritime security, rather than trade or resource sharing.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because MAHASAGAR is a bi-annual virtual platform rather than an in-person meeting.

Statement 2 is incorrect as the initiative was launched by the Indian Navy in 2023 and focuses on maritime security, not economic challenges.

Statement 3 is incorrect as the third edition emphasized collaboration on training and capacity-building, particularly for maritime security, rather than trade or resource sharing.

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