UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 8 April 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following best characterizes the legal nature of the Arctic Council? a) A treaty-based organization enforcing binding environmental standards b) A permanent scientific secretariat under the Antarctic Treaty framework c) A United Nations specialized agency for Arctic marine conservation d) A high-level intergovernmental forum with consensus-based decision-making Correct Solution: d) The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum, established by the Ottawa Declaration in 1996. It promotes cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the eight Arctic states and Indigenous communities. Its decisions are non-binding and based on consensus, meaning unanimity is required among members. The Council is not a treaty-based body like the Antarctic Treaty System; thus, it cannot enforce laws or impose sanctions. Its mandate includes sustainable development, environmental protection, and promotion of indigenous rights, but it deliberately excludes military security issues from its agenda. Unlike the Antarctic region, the Arctic lacks a comprehensive legal governance regime, making the Council a diplomatic forum rather than a regulatory body. Its effectiveness has recently been tested, especially after the Ukraine conflict, which reduced cooperation with Russia, one of its key members. Incorrect Solution: d) The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum, established by the Ottawa Declaration in 1996. It promotes cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the eight Arctic states and Indigenous communities. Its decisions are non-binding and based on consensus, meaning unanimity is required among members. The Council is not a treaty-based body like the Antarctic Treaty System; thus, it cannot enforce laws or impose sanctions. Its mandate includes sustainable development, environmental protection, and promotion of indigenous rights, but it deliberately excludes military security issues from its agenda. Unlike the Antarctic region, the Arctic lacks a comprehensive legal governance regime, making the Council a diplomatic forum rather than a regulatory body. Its effectiveness has recently been tested, especially after the Ukraine conflict, which reduced cooperation with Russia, one of its key members.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following best characterizes the legal nature of the Arctic Council?

• a) A treaty-based organization enforcing binding environmental standards

• b) A permanent scientific secretariat under the Antarctic Treaty framework

• c) A United Nations specialized agency for Arctic marine conservation

• d) A high-level intergovernmental forum with consensus-based decision-making

Solution: d)

• The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum, established by the Ottawa Declaration in 1996. It promotes cooperation, coordination, and interaction among the eight Arctic states and Indigenous communities. Its decisions are non-binding and based on consensus, meaning unanimity is required among members.

• The Council is not a treaty-based body like the Antarctic Treaty System; thus, it cannot enforce laws or impose sanctions.

• Its mandate includes sustainable development, environmental protection, and promotion of indigenous rights, but it deliberately excludes military security issues from its agenda.

• Unlike the Antarctic region, the Arctic lacks a comprehensive legal governance regime, making the Council a diplomatic forum rather than a regulatory body.

Its effectiveness has recently been tested, especially after the Ukraine conflict, which reduced cooperation with Russia, one of its key members.

Solution: d)

• The Council is not a treaty-based body like the Antarctic Treaty System; thus, it cannot enforce laws or impose sanctions.

• Its mandate includes sustainable development, environmental protection, and promotion of indigenous rights, but it deliberately excludes military security issues from its agenda.

• Unlike the Antarctic region, the Arctic lacks a comprehensive legal governance regime, making the Council a diplomatic forum rather than a regulatory body.

Its effectiveness has recently been tested, especially after the Ukraine conflict, which reduced cooperation with Russia, one of its key members.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about IUCN extinction categories: “Extinct” species may still persist in extremely low numbers in inaccessible wild habitats. “Least Concern” species have shown signs of population stress but are protected by law. “Not Evaluated” refers to species that have not yet been formally assessed under IUCN criteria. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because “Extinct (EX)” means there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, based on exhaustive surveys. Statement 2 is also incorrect. Least Concern (LC) species are those with stable or increasing populations, and while some may be protected, that is not a criterion for LC status. “Not Evaluated (NE)” simply means the species has not yet been assessed under IUCN’s global framework. This is different from DD (Data Deficient), where an evaluation has taken place, but data is lacking. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because “Extinct (EX)” means there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, based on exhaustive surveys. Statement 2 is also incorrect. Least Concern (LC) species are those with stable or increasing populations, and while some may be protected, that is not a criterion for LC status. “Not Evaluated (NE)” simply means the species has not yet been assessed under IUCN’s global framework. This is different from DD (Data Deficient), where an evaluation has taken place, but data is lacking.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about IUCN extinction categories:

• “Extinct” species may still persist in extremely low numbers in inaccessible wild habitats.

• “Least Concern” species have shown signs of population stress but are protected by law.

• “Not Evaluated” refers to species that have not yet been formally assessed under IUCN criteria.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

• Statement 1 is incorrect because “Extinct (EX)” means there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, based on exhaustive surveys.

• Statement 2 is also incorrect. Least Concern (LC) species are those with stable or increasing populations, and while some may be protected, that is not a criterion for LC status.

• “Not Evaluated (NE)” simply means the species has not yet been assessed under IUCN’s global framework. This is different from DD (Data Deficient), where an evaluation has taken place, but data is lacking.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

• Statement 1 is incorrect because “Extinct (EX)” means there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died, based on exhaustive surveys.

• Statement 2 is also incorrect. Least Concern (LC) species are those with stable or increasing populations, and while some may be protected, that is not a criterion for LC status.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Ottawa Convention. Statement-I: India is not a party to the Ottawa Convention. Statement-II: India supports the treaty’s humanitarian goals but maintains the right to use landmines for defensive purposes. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: a) The Ottawa Convention, formally known as the Mine Ban Treaty, prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines and mandates their destruction. India is not a party to this treaty, making Statement-I correct. The rationale lies in India’s security concerns, particularly along its border areas with Pakistan and China, where landmines serve as a defensive military necessity to prevent infiltration. However, India has repeatedly expressed support for the humanitarian spirit of the Convention, especially regarding civilian safety and post-conflict rehabilitation, which validates Statement-II. It participates in UN discussions on mine clearance and has undertaken voluntary victim assistance and mine-risk education. Thus, Statement-II directly explains why India has chosen not to accede to the Ottawa Convention, making option (a) the correct answer Incorrect Solution: a) The Ottawa Convention, formally known as the Mine Ban Treaty, prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines and mandates their destruction. India is not a party to this treaty, making Statement-I correct. The rationale lies in India’s security concerns, particularly along its border areas with Pakistan and China, where landmines serve as a defensive military necessity to prevent infiltration. However, India has repeatedly expressed support for the humanitarian spirit of the Convention, especially regarding civilian safety and post-conflict rehabilitation, which validates Statement-II. It participates in UN discussions on mine clearance and has undertaken voluntary victim assistance and mine-risk education. Thus, Statement-II directly explains why India has chosen not to accede to the Ottawa Convention, making option (a) the correct answer

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Ottawa Convention.

Statement-I: India is not a party to the Ottawa Convention. Statement-II: India supports the treaty’s humanitarian goals but maintains the right to use landmines for defensive purposes.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: a)

• The Ottawa Convention, formally known as the Mine Ban Treaty, prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines and mandates their destruction.

• India is not a party to this treaty, making Statement-I correct. The rationale lies in India’s security concerns, particularly along its border areas with Pakistan and China, where landmines serve as a defensive military necessity to prevent infiltration.

• However, India has repeatedly expressed support for the humanitarian spirit of the Convention, especially regarding civilian safety and post-conflict rehabilitation, which validates Statement-II.

• It participates in UN discussions on mine clearance and has undertaken voluntary victim assistance and mine-risk education.

Thus, Statement-II directly explains why India has chosen not to accede to the Ottawa Convention, making option (a) the correct answer

Solution: a)

• The Ottawa Convention, formally known as the Mine Ban Treaty, prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of anti-personnel landmines and mandates their destruction.

• It participates in UN discussions on mine clearance and has undertaken voluntary victim assistance and mine-risk education.

Thus, Statement-II directly explains why India has chosen not to accede to the Ottawa Convention, making option (a) the correct answer

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Tiger and its conservation: It is the National Animal of India. It is listed in Appendix I of CITES. Maximum tiger population in India is currently found in Madhya Pradesh. The Global Tiger Initiative is a UNDP-led effort for transboundary tiger conservation. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1, 3, and 4 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1, 2, and 4 only d) 1, 2, and 3 only Correct Solution: d) The tiger is India’s National Animal, symbolizing strength and biodiversity. It is protected under Appendix I of CITES, which prohibits international trade of wild tigers or their derivatives. As per the latest All India Tiger Estimation, Madhya Pradesh has surpassed Karnataka to host the maximum number of tigers. Statement 4 is incorrect. The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched by the World Bank in 2008, not the UNDP, to coordinate tiger conservation across Asia. Thus, the correct answer is (a). Incorrect Solution: d) The tiger is India’s National Animal, symbolizing strength and biodiversity. It is protected under Appendix I of CITES, which prohibits international trade of wild tigers or their derivatives. As per the latest All India Tiger Estimation, Madhya Pradesh has surpassed Karnataka to host the maximum number of tigers. Statement 4 is incorrect. The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched by the World Bank in 2008, not the UNDP, to coordinate tiger conservation across Asia. Thus, the correct answer is (a).

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Tiger and its conservation:

• It is the National Animal of India.

• It is listed in Appendix I of CITES.

• Maximum tiger population in India is currently found in Madhya Pradesh.

• The Global Tiger Initiative is a UNDP-led effort for transboundary tiger conservation.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1, 3, and 4 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 2, and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3 only

Solution: d)

• The tiger is India’s National Animal, symbolizing strength and biodiversity. It is protected under Appendix I of CITES, which prohibits international trade of wild tigers or their derivatives.

• As per the latest All India Tiger Estimation, Madhya Pradesh has surpassed Karnataka to host the maximum number of tigers. Statement 4 is incorrect.

• The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched by the World Bank in 2008, not the UNDP, to coordinate tiger conservation across Asia. Thus, the correct answer is (a).

Solution: d)

• As per the latest All India Tiger Estimation, Madhya Pradesh has surpassed Karnataka to host the maximum number of tigers. Statement 4 is incorrect.

• The Global Tiger Initiative (GTI) was launched by the World Bank in 2008, not the UNDP, to coordinate tiger conservation across Asia. Thus, the correct answer is (a).

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding tariffs and their implications: Tariffs are imposed only at the consumer level and never affect businesses directly. Anti-dumping tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from unfair pricing practices. Specific tariffs are charged per unit of a good, regardless of its price. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) Tariffs are paid at the border by importers, which are often businesses. These businesses may absorb the cost, pass it on to consumers, or adjust supply chains. Thus, businesses are directly affected. Statement 2 is correct. Anti-dumping duties are imposed when foreign producers sell goods below market value (sometimes below cost) to gain market share. This undermines domestic industries, and the tariffs restore fair competition. Statement 3 is also correct. A specific tariff is a flat fee charged per quantity (e.g., $5 per kilogram), making it independent of the product’s value. Incorrect Solution: b) Tariffs are paid at the border by importers, which are often businesses. These businesses may absorb the cost, pass it on to consumers, or adjust supply chains. Thus, businesses are directly affected. Statement 2 is correct. Anti-dumping duties are imposed when foreign producers sell goods below market value (sometimes below cost) to gain market share. This undermines domestic industries, and the tariffs restore fair competition. Statement 3 is also correct. A specific tariff is a flat fee charged per quantity (e.g., $5 per kilogram), making it independent of the product’s value.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding tariffs and their implications:

• Tariffs are imposed only at the consumer level and never affect businesses directly.

• Anti-dumping tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from unfair pricing practices.

• Specific tariffs are charged per unit of a good, regardless of its price.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

• Tariffs are paid at the border by importers, which are often businesses. These businesses may absorb the cost, pass it on to consumers, or adjust supply chains. Thus, businesses are directly affected.

• Statement 2 is correct. Anti-dumping duties are imposed when foreign producers sell goods below market value (sometimes below cost) to gain market share. This undermines domestic industries, and the tariffs restore fair competition.

• Statement 3 is also correct. A specific tariff is a flat fee charged per quantity (e.g., $5 per kilogram), making it independent of the product’s value.

Solution: b)

• Statement 3 is also correct. A specific tariff is a flat fee charged per quantity (e.g., $5 per kilogram), making it independent of the product’s value.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Indian Elephants: They are highly intelligent and exhibit complex social behaviors. They are one of the three recognized subspecies of the Asian Elephant. Habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats they face in India. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) Elephants are highly intelligent, have strong family bonds, use vocal, chemical, and tactile communication, and show empathy and memory. The Indian Elephant is one of the three subspecies of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)—the other two being Sumatran and Sri Lankan elephants. Habitat loss, linear infrastructure, and agriculture have resulted in severe fragmentation, leading to human-elephant conflict. Incorrect Solution: c) Elephants are highly intelligent, have strong family bonds, use vocal, chemical, and tactile communication, and show empathy and memory. The Indian Elephant is one of the three subspecies of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)—the other two being Sumatran and Sri Lankan elephants. Habitat loss, linear infrastructure, and agriculture have resulted in severe fragmentation, leading to human-elephant conflict.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Indian Elephants:

• They are highly intelligent and exhibit complex social behaviors.

• They are one of the three recognized subspecies of the Asian Elephant.

• Habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats they face in India.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: c)

• Elephants are highly intelligent, have strong family bonds, use vocal, chemical, and tactile communication, and show empathy and memory.

• The Indian Elephant is one of the three subspecies of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)—the other two being Sumatran and Sri Lankan elephants.

• Habitat loss, linear infrastructure, and agriculture have resulted in severe fragmentation, leading to human-elephant conflict.

Solution: c)

• Elephants are highly intelligent, have strong family bonds, use vocal, chemical, and tactile communication, and show empathy and memory.

• The Indian Elephant is one of the three subspecies of the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)—the other two being Sumatran and Sri Lankan elephants.

• Habitat loss, linear infrastructure, and agriculture have resulted in severe fragmentation, leading to human-elephant conflict.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points The recent discovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the Karaganda Region is strategically significant primarily because: a) The region borders the Caspian Sea, facilitating REE exports via sea routes b) It enhances Kazakhstan’s role in supplying critical minerals for green technologies c) It lies along the ancient Silk Road, enabling cultural exchanges of technology d) It hosts the Baikonur Cosmodrome, integrating REE use in aerospace industries Correct Solution: b) Kazakhstan’s Karaganda Region recently emerged as a major rare earth element (REE) reserve, estimated at 1 million tons in the Kuirektykol site. This is geopolitically significant because REEs are critical for green and strategic technologies—including electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and defense systems. Currently, China dominates the REE supply chain (~60% of production), making diversification vital for global markets. Kazakhstan’s discovery can reposition Central Asia as a reliable supplier, reduce Western dependency on China, and integrate into global clean-tech supply chains. Although Kazakhstan is landlocked, overland infrastructure like the Trans-Caspian Corridor could support exports, but that’s not the primary relevance. Incorrect Solution: b) Kazakhstan’s Karaganda Region recently emerged as a major rare earth element (REE) reserve, estimated at 1 million tons in the Kuirektykol site. This is geopolitically significant because REEs are critical for green and strategic technologies—including electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and defense systems. Currently, China dominates the REE supply chain (~60% of production), making diversification vital for global markets. Kazakhstan’s discovery can reposition Central Asia as a reliable supplier, reduce Western dependency on China, and integrate into global clean-tech supply chains. Although Kazakhstan is landlocked, overland infrastructure like the Trans-Caspian Corridor could support exports, but that’s not the primary relevance.

#### 7. Question

The recent discovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the Karaganda Region is strategically significant primarily because:

• a) The region borders the Caspian Sea, facilitating REE exports via sea routes

• b) It enhances Kazakhstan’s role in supplying critical minerals for green technologies

• c) It lies along the ancient Silk Road, enabling cultural exchanges of technology

• d) It hosts the Baikonur Cosmodrome, integrating REE use in aerospace industries

Solution: b)

• Kazakhstan’s Karaganda Region recently emerged as a major rare earth element (REE) reserve, estimated at 1 million tons in the Kuirektykol site. This is geopolitically significant because REEs are critical for green and strategic technologies—including electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, and defense systems.

• Currently, China dominates the REE supply chain (~60% of production), making diversification vital for global markets. Kazakhstan’s discovery can reposition

• Central Asia as a reliable supplier, reduce Western dependency on China, and integrate into global clean-tech supply chains.

• Although Kazakhstan is landlocked, overland infrastructure like the Trans-Caspian Corridor could support exports, but that’s not the primary relevance.

Solution: b)

• Currently, China dominates the REE supply chain (~60% of production), making diversification vital for global markets. Kazakhstan’s discovery can reposition

• Central Asia as a reliable supplier, reduce Western dependency on China, and integrate into global clean-tech supply chains.

• Although Kazakhstan is landlocked, overland infrastructure like the Trans-Caspian Corridor could support exports, but that’s not the primary relevance.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding rhino conservation and species: India’s National Rhino Conservation Strategy (2019) was the first time rhino protection was integrated with climate adaptation and landscape planning. The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 focused solely on rhino protection in Assam’s Kaziranga National Park. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct—the National Rhino Conservation Strategy (2019) was India’s first policy to explicitly link rhino conservation with climate resilience, habitat connectivity, and community-based landscape management. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) was broader, aiming to increase the rhino population to 3,000 in multiple protected areas across Assam, including Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, Laokhowa, etc. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct—the National Rhino Conservation Strategy (2019) was India’s first policy to explicitly link rhino conservation with climate resilience, habitat connectivity, and community-based landscape management. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) was broader, aiming to increase the rhino population to 3,000 in multiple protected areas across Assam, including Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, Laokhowa, etc.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding rhino conservation and species:

• India’s National Rhino Conservation Strategy (2019) was the first time rhino protection was integrated with climate adaptation and landscape planning.

• The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 focused solely on rhino protection in Assam’s Kaziranga National Park.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct—the National Rhino Conservation Strategy (2019) was India’s first policy to explicitly link rhino conservation with climate resilience, habitat connectivity, and community-based landscape management.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Rhino Vision 2020 (IRV2020) was broader, aiming to increase the rhino population to 3,000 in multiple protected areas across Assam, including Kaziranga, Manas, Orang, Laokhowa, etc.

Solution: b)

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Statement-I: The Arctic is warming at a rate almost four times faster than the global average. Statement-II: The high latitude of the Arctic leads to constant solar heating throughout the year. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) Statement-I is correct: The Arctic is experiencing warming almost four times faster than the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification. Statement-II is incorrect: The Arctic does not receive constant solar heating. In fact, it experiences polar night and midnight sun cycles, with long dark winters. The warming is due to feedback mechanisms, such as ice-albedo feedback, not due to latitude-based solar intensity. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement-I is correct: The Arctic is experiencing warming almost four times faster than the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification. Statement-II is incorrect: The Arctic does not receive constant solar heating. In fact, it experiences polar night and midnight sun cycles, with long dark winters. The warming is due to feedback mechanisms, such as ice-albedo feedback, not due to latitude-based solar intensity.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: The Arctic is warming at a rate almost four times faster than the global average. Statement-II: The high latitude of the Arctic leads to constant solar heating throughout the year.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: c)

• Statement-I is correct: The Arctic is experiencing warming almost four times faster than the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification.

• Statement-II is incorrect: The Arctic does not receive constant solar heating. In fact, it experiences polar night and midnight sun cycles, with long dark winters. The warming is due to feedback mechanisms, such as ice-albedo feedback, not due to latitude-based solar intensity.

Solution: c)

• Statement-I is correct: The Arctic is experiencing warming almost four times faster than the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following best reflects the key innovation introduced under the Bustard Recovery Program for the Great Indian Bustard? a) Introduction of microchip tracking for urban-nesting bustards b) Establishment of exclusive marine protected areas for transboundary migration c) Translocation of breeding adults into dense forest corridors to protect from predators d) Pilot implementation of “surgical habitat management” to modify grassland ecosystems Correct Solution: d) The Bustard Recovery Program’s standout intervention is the “pilot implementation of surgical habitat management”, an approach aimed at precisely modifying grassland ecosystems to support breeding and feeding needs of bustards. This may involve targeted removal of invasive species, creation of nesting mounds, or adjustments in vegetation height. It is particularly essential for ground-nesting birds like the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican, which are sensitive to habitat fragmentation and disturbances. This approach differs from traditional passive conservation and represents an adaptive management technique rooted in ecological research. Incorrect Solution: d) The Bustard Recovery Program’s standout intervention is the “pilot implementation of surgical habitat management”, an approach aimed at precisely modifying grassland ecosystems to support breeding and feeding needs of bustards. This may involve targeted removal of invasive species, creation of nesting mounds, or adjustments in vegetation height. It is particularly essential for ground-nesting birds like the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican, which are sensitive to habitat fragmentation and disturbances. This approach differs from traditional passive conservation and represents an adaptive management technique rooted in ecological research.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following best reflects the key innovation introduced under the Bustard Recovery Program for the Great Indian Bustard?

• a) Introduction of microchip tracking for urban-nesting bustards

• b) Establishment of exclusive marine protected areas for transboundary migration

• c) Translocation of breeding adults into dense forest corridors to protect from predators

• d) Pilot implementation of “surgical habitat management” to modify grassland ecosystems

Solution: d)

• The Bustard Recovery Program’s standout intervention is the “pilot implementation of surgical habitat management”, an approach aimed at precisely modifying grassland ecosystems to support breeding and feeding needs of bustards.

• This may involve targeted removal of invasive species, creation of nesting mounds, or adjustments in vegetation height.

• It is particularly essential for ground-nesting birds like the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican, which are sensitive to habitat fragmentation and disturbances.

• This approach differs from traditional passive conservation and represents an adaptive management technique rooted in ecological research.

Solution: d)

• This may involve targeted removal of invasive species, creation of nesting mounds, or adjustments in vegetation height.

• It is particularly essential for ground-nesting birds like the Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and Lesser Florican, which are sensitive to habitat fragmentation and disturbances.

• This approach differs from traditional passive conservation and represents an adaptive management technique rooted in ecological research.

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