UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 6 January 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following is a unique characteristic of HMPV compared to other respiratory viruses like Influenza or RSV? a) It exclusively infects immunocompromised individuals. b) It lacks any genetic material and replicates using host DNA. c) It replicates only under high-temperature conditions. d) It belongs to the Pneumoviridae family but lacks specific antiviral treatment. Correct Solution: d) HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and does not currently have a specific antiviral treatment, distinguishing it from influenza or RSV. About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): What is HMPV? Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family. It causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, typically manifesting symptoms akin to the common cold or flu. Origin and Discovery: HMPV was discovered in the Netherlands in 2001through genomic sequencing of samples from patients with respiratory infections. Who is at Risk? Children under 5, particularly infants. Older adults(65+). Immunocompromised individualsand those with chronic respiratory conditions, like asthma. Symptoms: Common:Cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat. Severe:Wheezing, shortness of breath, leading to bronchitis or pneumonia. Mode of Spread: Dropletsfrom coughing/sneezing. Close contact, including handshakes. Contaminated surfaces, followed by touching the face. Treatment: No specific antiviral or vaccine. Symptom management: Hydration, rest, Over the Counter (OTC) medicationsfor fever and congestion. Severe cases: Hospitalization for oxygen therapy or Intravenous (IV) fluids. Diagnosis: NAATs (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests)to detect viral genetic material. Antigen-based immunoassaysfor severe cases or outbreaks. Incorrect Solution: d) HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and does not currently have a specific antiviral treatment, distinguishing it from influenza or RSV. About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): What is HMPV? Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family. It causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, typically manifesting symptoms akin to the common cold or flu. Origin and Discovery: HMPV was discovered in the Netherlands in 2001through genomic sequencing of samples from patients with respiratory infections. Who is at Risk? Children under 5, particularly infants. Older adults(65+). Immunocompromised individualsand those with chronic respiratory conditions, like asthma. Symptoms: Common:Cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat. Severe:Wheezing, shortness of breath, leading to bronchitis or pneumonia. Mode of Spread: Dropletsfrom coughing/sneezing. Close contact, including handshakes. Contaminated surfaces, followed by touching the face. Treatment: No specific antiviral or vaccine. Symptom management: Hydration, rest, Over the Counter (OTC) medicationsfor fever and congestion. Severe cases: Hospitalization for oxygen therapy or Intravenous (IV) fluids. Diagnosis: NAATs (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests)to detect viral genetic material. Antigen-based immunoassaysfor severe cases or outbreaks.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of HMPV compared to other respiratory viruses like Influenza or RSV?

• a) It exclusively infects immunocompromised individuals.

• b) It lacks any genetic material and replicates using host DNA.

• c) It replicates only under high-temperature conditions.

• d) It belongs to the Pneumoviridae family but lacks specific antiviral treatment.

Solution: d)

HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and does not currently have a specific antiviral treatment, distinguishing it from influenza or RSV.

About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV):

What is HMPV?

• Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family. It causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, typically manifesting symptoms akin to the common cold or flu.

Origin and Discovery:

• HMPV was discovered in the Netherlands in 2001through genomic sequencing of samples from patients with respiratory infections.

Who is at Risk?

• Children under 5, particularly infants.

• Older adults(65+).

• Immunocompromised individualsand those with chronic respiratory conditions, like asthma.

Symptoms:

• Common:Cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat.

• Severe:Wheezing, shortness of breath, leading to bronchitis or pneumonia.

Mode of Spread:

• Dropletsfrom coughing/sneezing.

• Close contact, including handshakes.

• Contaminated surfaces, followed by touching the face.

Treatment:

• No specific antiviral or vaccine.

• Symptom management: Hydration, rest, Over the Counter (OTC) medicationsfor fever and congestion.

• Severe cases: Hospitalization for oxygen therapy or Intravenous (IV) fluids.

Diagnosis:

• NAATs (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests)to detect viral genetic material.

• Antigen-based immunoassaysfor severe cases or outbreaks.

Solution: d)

HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and does not currently have a specific antiviral treatment, distinguishing it from influenza or RSV.

About Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV):

What is HMPV?

• Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus first identified in 2001, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family. It causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections, typically manifesting symptoms akin to the common cold or flu.

Origin and Discovery:

• HMPV was discovered in the Netherlands in 2001through genomic sequencing of samples from patients with respiratory infections.

Who is at Risk?

• Children under 5, particularly infants.

• Older adults(65+).

• Immunocompromised individualsand those with chronic respiratory conditions, like asthma.

Symptoms:

• Common:Cough, runny nose, fever, sore throat.

• Severe:Wheezing, shortness of breath, leading to bronchitis or pneumonia.

Mode of Spread:

• Dropletsfrom coughing/sneezing.

• Close contact, including handshakes.

• Contaminated surfaces, followed by touching the face.

Treatment:

• No specific antiviral or vaccine.

• Symptom management: Hydration, rest, Over the Counter (OTC) medicationsfor fever and congestion.

• Severe cases: Hospitalization for oxygen therapy or Intravenous (IV) fluids.

Diagnosis:

• NAATs (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests)to detect viral genetic material.

• Antigen-based immunoassaysfor severe cases or outbreaks.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the advantages of BAANKNET: It provides a centralized platform for e-auction processes. It allows international bidders to participate in property auctions. It features an automated payment gateway for transparency. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: b) BAANKNET provides a centralized platform and uses an automated payment gateway. Statement 2 is incorrect because international bidder participation is not explicitly mentioned in its framework. About ‘BAANKNET’ Portal: What is BAANKNET? A centralized platform for the e-auction of properties held by PSBs, designed to boost transparency, efficiency, and accessibility. Department/Ministry: Managed by the Department of Financial Services (DFS)under the Ministry of Finance. Objectives: Streamline Recovery:Aid PSBs in recovering bad loans and improving balance sheets. Unlock Value:Maximize the value of distressed assets and boost investor confidence. Ease of Access:Provide a one-stop destination for buyers and investors to explore and bid on properties. Features: Consolidated Listings:Over 122,500 properties, including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural land, vehicles, and machinery. Technology-Driven:Built on microservices architecture with an automated payment gateway and integrated KYC tools. End-to-End Processes:Streamlined pre-auction, auction, and post-auction activities. Support System:Dedicated helpdesk and call center with callback options. Training:DFS-trained PSB executives and debt recovery tribunal (DRT) officers for effective usage. Incorrect Solution: b) BAANKNET provides a centralized platform and uses an automated payment gateway. Statement 2 is incorrect because international bidder participation is not explicitly mentioned in its framework. About ‘BAANKNET’ Portal: What is BAANKNET? A centralized platform for the e-auction of properties held by PSBs, designed to boost transparency, efficiency, and accessibility. Department/Ministry: Managed by the Department of Financial Services (DFS)under the Ministry of Finance. Objectives: Streamline Recovery:Aid PSBs in recovering bad loans and improving balance sheets. Unlock Value:Maximize the value of distressed assets and boost investor confidence. Ease of Access:Provide a one-stop destination for buyers and investors to explore and bid on properties. Features: Consolidated Listings:Over 122,500 properties, including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural land, vehicles, and machinery. Technology-Driven:Built on microservices architecture with an automated payment gateway and integrated KYC tools. End-to-End Processes:Streamlined pre-auction, auction, and post-auction activities. Support System:Dedicated helpdesk and call center with callback options. Training:DFS-trained PSB executives and debt recovery tribunal (DRT) officers for effective usage.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the advantages of BAANKNET:

• It provides a centralized platform for e-auction processes.

• It allows international bidders to participate in property auctions.

• It features an automated payment gateway for transparency.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: b)

BAANKNET provides a centralized platform and uses an automated payment gateway. Statement 2 is incorrect because international bidder participation is not explicitly mentioned in its framework.

About ‘BAANKNET’ Portal:

What is BAANKNET?

• A centralized platform for the e-auction of properties held by PSBs, designed to boost transparency, efficiency, and accessibility.

• Department/Ministry: Managed by the Department of Financial Services (DFS)under the Ministry of Finance.

Objectives:

• Streamline Recovery:Aid PSBs in recovering bad loans and improving balance sheets.

• Unlock Value:Maximize the value of distressed assets and boost investor confidence.

• Ease of Access:Provide a one-stop destination for buyers and investors to explore and bid on properties.

Features:

• Consolidated Listings:Over 122,500 properties, including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural land, vehicles, and machinery.

• Technology-Driven:Built on microservices architecture with an automated payment gateway and integrated KYC tools.

• End-to-End Processes:Streamlined pre-auction, auction, and post-auction activities.

• Support System:Dedicated helpdesk and call center with callback options.

• Training:DFS-trained PSB executives and debt recovery tribunal (DRT) officers for effective usage.

Solution: b)

BAANKNET provides a centralized platform and uses an automated payment gateway. Statement 2 is incorrect because international bidder participation is not explicitly mentioned in its framework.

About ‘BAANKNET’ Portal:

What is BAANKNET?

• A centralized platform for the e-auction of properties held by PSBs, designed to boost transparency, efficiency, and accessibility.

• Department/Ministry: Managed by the Department of Financial Services (DFS)under the Ministry of Finance.

Objectives:

• Streamline Recovery:Aid PSBs in recovering bad loans and improving balance sheets.

• Unlock Value:Maximize the value of distressed assets and boost investor confidence.

• Ease of Access:Provide a one-stop destination for buyers and investors to explore and bid on properties.

Features:

• Consolidated Listings:Over 122,500 properties, including residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural land, vehicles, and machinery.

• Technology-Driven:Built on microservices architecture with an automated payment gateway and integrated KYC tools.

• End-to-End Processes:Streamlined pre-auction, auction, and post-auction activities.

• Support System:Dedicated helpdesk and call center with callback options.

• Training:DFS-trained PSB executives and debt recovery tribunal (DRT) officers for effective usage.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, who is responsible for issuing the identity certificate for a transgender person? a) State Human Rights Commission b) Registrar of Births and Deaths c) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment d) District Magistrate Correct Solution: d) The District Magistrate is responsible for issuing identity certificates to transgender persons under the Act. Procedure for Changing Name and Gender Identity Court Judgment Highlights: Case Reference: X vs State of Karnataka (2024). The court upheld the 2019 Actas a special law, directing that the 1969 Registration of Births and Deaths Act must comply with it. The Registrar of Births and Deathsmust issue corrected birth certificates based on identity certificates. Officials Responsible for Changes: District Magistrate (DM):Processes applications for identity certificates. Registrar of Births and Deaths:Issues revised birth certificates based on identity certificates. Eligibility Criteria: Must identify as transgender and file an affidavit with the DM. For revisions post-sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate is required from the Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent. Procedure for Changes: Application for Identity Certificate: Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM. DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days. Revised Identity Certificate (Post-Surgery): Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority. Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days. Updates in Official Documents: Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes. Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application. Incorrect Solution: d) The District Magistrate is responsible for issuing identity certificates to transgender persons under the Act. Procedure for Changing Name and Gender Identity Court Judgment Highlights: Case Reference: X vs State of Karnataka (2024). The court upheld the 2019 Actas a special law, directing that the 1969 Registration of Births and Deaths Act must comply with it. The Registrar of Births and Deathsmust issue corrected birth certificates based on identity certificates. Officials Responsible for Changes: District Magistrate (DM):Processes applications for identity certificates. Registrar of Births and Deaths:Issues revised birth certificates based on identity certificates. Eligibility Criteria: Must identify as transgender and file an affidavit with the DM. For revisions post-sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate is required from the Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent. Procedure for Changes: Application for Identity Certificate: Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM. DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days. Revised Identity Certificate (Post-Surgery): Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority. Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days. Updates in Official Documents: Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes. Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application.

#### 3. Question

Under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, who is responsible for issuing the identity certificate for a transgender person?

• a) State Human Rights Commission

• b) Registrar of Births and Deaths

• c) Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

• d) District Magistrate

Solution: d)

The District Magistrate is responsible for issuing identity certificates to transgender persons under the Act.

Procedure for Changing Name and Gender Identity

Court Judgment Highlights:

• Case Reference: X vs State of Karnataka (2024).

• The court upheld the 2019 Actas a special law, directing that the 1969 Registration of Births and Deaths Act must comply with it.

• The Registrar of Births and Deathsmust issue corrected birth certificates based on identity certificates.

Officials Responsible for Changes:

• District Magistrate (DM):Processes applications for identity certificates.

• Registrar of Births and Deaths:Issues revised birth certificates based on identity certificates.

Eligibility Criteria:

• Must identify as transgender and file an affidavit with the DM.

• For revisions post-sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate is required from the Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent.

Procedure for Changes:

• Application for Identity Certificate: Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM. DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days.

• Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM.

• DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days.

• Revised Identity Certificate (Post-Surgery): Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority. Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days.

• Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority.

• Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days.

• Updates in Official Documents: Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes. Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application.

• Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes.

• Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application.

Solution: d)

The District Magistrate is responsible for issuing identity certificates to transgender persons under the Act.

Procedure for Changing Name and Gender Identity

Court Judgment Highlights:

• Case Reference: X vs State of Karnataka (2024).

• The court upheld the 2019 Actas a special law, directing that the 1969 Registration of Births and Deaths Act must comply with it.

• The Registrar of Births and Deathsmust issue corrected birth certificates based on identity certificates.

Officials Responsible for Changes:

• District Magistrate (DM):Processes applications for identity certificates.

• Registrar of Births and Deaths:Issues revised birth certificates based on identity certificates.

Eligibility Criteria:

• Must identify as transgender and file an affidavit with the DM.

• For revisions post-sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate is required from the Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent.

Procedure for Changes:

• Application for Identity Certificate: Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM. DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days.

• Submit affidavit declaring gender identity to the DM.

• DM issue’s identity certificate and transgender identity card within 30 days.

• Revised Identity Certificate (Post-Surgery): Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority. Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days.

• Obtain a medical certificate from a recognized authority.

• Apply for revision with the DM, processed within 15 days.

• Updates in Official Documents: Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes. Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application.

• Submit valid identity certificate to authorities for Aadhaar, passport, or birth certificate changes.

• Changes must be implemented within 15 daysof application.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points What is the primary aim of the LEADS Report? a) Evaluate industrial output of states b) Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs c) Measure foreign direct investment inflows d) Rank states based on per capita income Correct Solution: b) The LEADS Report evaluates logistics infrastructure, services, and regulatory environments across states/UTs to identify areas for improvement. About LEADS: Full Form:Logistics Ease Across Different States. Launched In: Ministry:Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Aim: Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs. Provide actionable insights for logistics reforms. Foster competitive federalism to enhance logistics efficiency. Parameters: Logistics Infrastructure. Logistics Services. Operating and Regulatory Environment. Methodology: Based on over 7,300 responsesfrom a pan-India survey conducted. Includes inputs from 750+ stakeholder consultationsand associations. Incorrect Solution: b) The LEADS Report evaluates logistics infrastructure, services, and regulatory environments across states/UTs to identify areas for improvement. About LEADS: Full Form:Logistics Ease Across Different States. Launched In: Ministry:Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Aim: Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs. Provide actionable insights for logistics reforms. Foster competitive federalism to enhance logistics efficiency. Parameters: Logistics Infrastructure. Logistics Services. Operating and Regulatory Environment. Methodology: Based on over 7,300 responsesfrom a pan-India survey conducted. Includes inputs from 750+ stakeholder consultationsand associations.

#### 4. Question

What is the primary aim of the LEADS Report?

• a) Evaluate industrial output of states

• b) Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs

• c) Measure foreign direct investment inflows

• d) Rank states based on per capita income

Solution: b)

The LEADS Report evaluates logistics infrastructure, services, and regulatory environments across states/UTs to identify areas for improvement.

About LEADS:

• Full Form:Logistics Ease Across Different States.

• Launched In:

• Ministry:Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

• Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs.

• Provide actionable insights for logistics reforms.

• Foster competitive federalism to enhance logistics efficiency.

Parameters:

• Logistics Infrastructure.

• Logistics Services.

• Operating and Regulatory Environment.

Methodology:

• Based on over 7,300 responsesfrom a pan-India survey conducted.

• Includes inputs from 750+ stakeholder consultationsand associations.

Solution: b)

The LEADS Report evaluates logistics infrastructure, services, and regulatory environments across states/UTs to identify areas for improvement.

About LEADS:

• Full Form:Logistics Ease Across Different States.

• Launched In:

• Ministry:Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

• Assess logistics infrastructure and services across states/UTs.

• Provide actionable insights for logistics reforms.

• Foster competitive federalism to enhance logistics efficiency.

Parameters:

• Logistics Infrastructure.

• Logistics Services.

• Operating and Regulatory Environment.

Methodology:

• Based on over 7,300 responsesfrom a pan-India survey conducted.

• Includes inputs from 750+ stakeholder consultationsand associations.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the significance of the revamped Army Promotion Policy: It ensures that officers with the best performance are promoted to apex-level roles. It introduces mandatory retirement for officers who do not meet merit criteria. It aligns Army promotion policies with integrated theatre command requirements. It applies to all Lieutenant Generals, including the Vice Chief of Army Staff. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief are excluded from the new policy. About Revamp of Army Promotion Policy: Old Promotion Policy: Procedure:Promotions were primarily based on seniority, date of birth, and vacancy availability. Applicability:Applied to Lieutenant Generals for appointments as Commanders-in-Chief (C-in-C). Criteria:Officers required at least 18 months of service remaining before retirement. New Promotion Policy: Procedure: Introduction of a quantified Annual Confidential Report (ACR)system with attributes graded on a 1-9 scale. Merit becomes the primary criterion for promotions to apex-level roles. Aligns Army practices with the Navy and Air Force, where quantified appraisals for equivalent ranks already exist. Applicability: Applies to Lieutenant Generals(except Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief of operational and training commands). Significance: Merit-Based Selection:Promotes excellence and accountability among top-ranking officers. Uniformity Across Services:Aligns Army practices with Air Force and Navy for tri-Service synergy. Preparedness for Theatre Commands:Ensures qualified leadership for integrated commands managing threats from China, Pakistan, and the Indian Ocean Region. Transparency and Objectivity:Reduces subjectivity and potential bias in promotions. Incorrect Solution: c) Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief are excluded from the new policy. About Revamp of Army Promotion Policy: Old Promotion Policy: Procedure:Promotions were primarily based on seniority, date of birth, and vacancy availability. Applicability:Applied to Lieutenant Generals for appointments as Commanders-in-Chief (C-in-C). Criteria:Officers required at least 18 months of service remaining before retirement. New Promotion Policy: Procedure: Introduction of a quantified Annual Confidential Report (ACR)system with attributes graded on a 1-9 scale. Merit becomes the primary criterion for promotions to apex-level roles. Aligns Army practices with the Navy and Air Force, where quantified appraisals for equivalent ranks already exist. Applicability: Applies to Lieutenant Generals(except Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief of operational and training commands). Significance: Merit-Based Selection:Promotes excellence and accountability among top-ranking officers. Uniformity Across Services:Aligns Army practices with Air Force and Navy for tri-Service synergy. Preparedness for Theatre Commands:Ensures qualified leadership for integrated commands managing threats from China, Pakistan, and the Indian Ocean Region. Transparency and Objectivity:Reduces subjectivity and potential bias in promotions.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the significance of the revamped Army Promotion Policy:

• It ensures that officers with the best performance are promoted to apex-level roles.

• It introduces mandatory retirement for officers who do not meet merit criteria.

• It aligns Army promotion policies with integrated theatre command requirements.

• It applies to all Lieutenant Generals, including the Vice Chief of Army Staff.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief are excluded from the new policy.

About Revamp of Army Promotion Policy:

Old Promotion Policy:

• Procedure:Promotions were primarily based on seniority, date of birth, and vacancy availability.

• Applicability:Applied to Lieutenant Generals for appointments as Commanders-in-Chief (C-in-C).

• Criteria:Officers required at least 18 months of service remaining before retirement.

New Promotion Policy:

Procedure:

• Introduction of a quantified Annual Confidential Report (ACR)system with attributes graded on a 1-9 scale.

• Merit becomes the primary criterion for promotions to apex-level roles.

• Aligns Army practices with the Navy and Air Force, where quantified appraisals for equivalent ranks already exist.

Applicability:

• Applies to Lieutenant Generals(except Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief of operational and training commands).

Significance:

• Merit-Based Selection:Promotes excellence and accountability among top-ranking officers.

• Uniformity Across Services:Aligns Army practices with Air Force and Navy for tri-Service synergy.

• Preparedness for Theatre Commands:Ensures qualified leadership for integrated commands managing threats from China, Pakistan, and the Indian Ocean Region.

• Transparency and Objectivity:Reduces subjectivity and potential bias in promotions.

Solution: c)

Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief are excluded from the new policy.

About Revamp of Army Promotion Policy:

Old Promotion Policy:

• Procedure:Promotions were primarily based on seniority, date of birth, and vacancy availability.

• Applicability:Applied to Lieutenant Generals for appointments as Commanders-in-Chief (C-in-C).

• Criteria:Officers required at least 18 months of service remaining before retirement.

New Promotion Policy:

Procedure:

• Introduction of a quantified Annual Confidential Report (ACR)system with attributes graded on a 1-9 scale.

• Merit becomes the primary criterion for promotions to apex-level roles.

• Aligns Army practices with the Navy and Air Force, where quantified appraisals for equivalent ranks already exist.

Applicability:

• Applies to Lieutenant Generals(except Vice Chief and seven Commanders-in-Chief of operational and training commands).

Significance:

• Merit-Based Selection:Promotes excellence and accountability among top-ranking officers.

• Uniformity Across Services:Aligns Army practices with Air Force and Navy for tri-Service synergy.

• Preparedness for Theatre Commands:Ensures qualified leadership for integrated commands managing threats from China, Pakistan, and the Indian Ocean Region.

• Transparency and Objectivity:Reduces subjectivity and potential bias in promotions.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the scientific and educational significance of Mission ShakthiSAT: It will test advanced imaging technologies for lunar surface mapping. The mission is aimed at inspiring young women to pursue STEM careers. It is a fully government-funded initiative. The payloads are entirely designed and developed by student teams. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: b) Statements 2 and 4 are correct. The mission focuses on inspiring STEM careers and features student-developed payloads. Statement 1 is incorrect as advanced imaging technologies are not specified. Statement 3 is incorrect as private organizations like Space Kidz India (SKI) and IN-SPACe are key contributors. About Mission ShakthiSAT: What it is:An all-girls lunar mission involving the design, build, and launch of a satellite to the lunar orbit, showcasing global talent in space exploration. Expected Launch:Scheduled for September 2026, to be launched by ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Organizations Involved: ISRO: Leading the mission. Space Kidz India (SKI): Coordinating student participation and payload development. IN-SPACe: Facilitating private sector involvement in the project. Objective: Promote gender inclusivityin STEM by empowering young women. Inspire global collaboration in space science and technology. Conduct scientific experimentsin lunar orbit using student-developed payloads. Features: Global Representation:Participation from 12,000 girls across 108 countries. Age Criteria: African/Latin American countries: Girls aged 14–18 years. Other regions: Girls aged 14–16 years. Skill Development:Top 108 girls will be trained in Chennai to build payloads for the satellite. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 2 and 4 are correct. The mission focuses on inspiring STEM careers and features student-developed payloads. Statement 1 is incorrect as advanced imaging technologies are not specified. Statement 3 is incorrect as private organizations like Space Kidz India (SKI) and IN-SPACe are key contributors. About Mission ShakthiSAT: What it is:An all-girls lunar mission involving the design, build, and launch of a satellite to the lunar orbit, showcasing global talent in space exploration. Expected Launch:Scheduled for September 2026, to be launched by ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Organizations Involved: ISRO: Leading the mission. Space Kidz India (SKI): Coordinating student participation and payload development. IN-SPACe: Facilitating private sector involvement in the project. Objective: Promote gender inclusivityin STEM by empowering young women. Inspire global collaboration in space science and technology. Conduct scientific experimentsin lunar orbit using student-developed payloads. Features: Global Representation:Participation from 12,000 girls across 108 countries. Age Criteria: African/Latin American countries: Girls aged 14–18 years. Other regions: Girls aged 14–16 years. Skill Development:Top 108 girls will be trained in Chennai to build payloads for the satellite.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the scientific and educational significance of Mission ShakthiSAT:

• It will test advanced imaging technologies for lunar surface mapping.

• The mission is aimed at inspiring young women to pursue STEM careers.

• It is a fully government-funded initiative.

• The payloads are entirely designed and developed by student teams.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: b)

Statements 2 and 4 are correct. The mission focuses on inspiring STEM careers and features student-developed payloads. Statement 1 is incorrect as advanced imaging technologies are not specified. Statement 3 is incorrect as private organizations like Space Kidz India (SKI) and IN-SPACe are key contributors.

About Mission ShakthiSAT:

• What it is:An all-girls lunar mission involving the design, build, and launch of a satellite to the lunar orbit, showcasing global talent in space exploration.

• Expected Launch:Scheduled for September 2026, to be launched by ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

Organizations Involved:

• ISRO: Leading the mission.

• Space Kidz India (SKI): Coordinating student participation and payload development.

• IN-SPACe: Facilitating private sector involvement in the project.

Objective:

• Promote gender inclusivityin STEM by empowering young women.

• Inspire global collaboration in space science and technology.

• Conduct scientific experimentsin lunar orbit using student-developed payloads.

Features:

• Global Representation:Participation from 12,000 girls across 108 countries.

• Age Criteria:

• African/Latin American countries: Girls aged 14–18 years.

• Other regions: Girls aged 14–16 years.

• Skill Development:Top 108 girls will be trained in Chennai to build payloads for the satellite.

Solution: b)

Statements 2 and 4 are correct. The mission focuses on inspiring STEM careers and features student-developed payloads. Statement 1 is incorrect as advanced imaging technologies are not specified. Statement 3 is incorrect as private organizations like Space Kidz India (SKI) and IN-SPACe are key contributors.

About Mission ShakthiSAT:

• What it is:An all-girls lunar mission involving the design, build, and launch of a satellite to the lunar orbit, showcasing global talent in space exploration.

• Expected Launch:Scheduled for September 2026, to be launched by ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

Organizations Involved:

• ISRO: Leading the mission.

• Space Kidz India (SKI): Coordinating student participation and payload development.

• IN-SPACe: Facilitating private sector involvement in the project.

Objective:

• Promote gender inclusivityin STEM by empowering young women.

• Inspire global collaboration in space science and technology.

• Conduct scientific experimentsin lunar orbit using student-developed payloads.

Features:

• Global Representation:Participation from 12,000 girls across 108 countries.

• Age Criteria:

• African/Latin American countries: Girls aged 14–18 years.

• Other regions: Girls aged 14–16 years.

• Skill Development:Top 108 girls will be trained in Chennai to build payloads for the satellite.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the administration of tranquilizers: Tranquilizers can be delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using dart guns. Modern tranquilizer darts are powered by compressed air or CO2. The dosage of tranquilizers is independent of the animal’s weight and species. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: a) Tranquilizers are typically delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using darts powered by CO2 or compressed air. Statement 3 is incorrect because dosage is carefully calibrated based on the animal’s weight and species. About Tranquilizers: What is a Tranquilizer? A chemical agentused to immobilize animals by inducing sedation or unconsciousness through remote injection mechanisms like dart guns. Tranquilizers in the Past: Rudimentary Methods: Manual Capture:Early methods involved traps, pitfalls, and chasing animals with nets. Early Chemical Tranquilizers: Curare:Derived from tree bark, used by South American tribes for hunting. It paralyzed animals but didn’t sedate them. Narcotic Bullets (1912):Carried morphine for painless kills but lacked precision in immobilization. Mercy Bullets (1928): Hypodermic needles with basic sedative chemicals, first introduced by Captain Barnett Harris. Often unreliable and lethal in incorrect doses. How Tranquilizers Work: Delivered via dart gunspowered by compressed CO2 gas. The dart injects the chemical subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The tranquilizer acts on the central nervous system, inducing sedationor anesthesia Incorrect Solution: a) Tranquilizers are typically delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using darts powered by CO2 or compressed air. Statement 3 is incorrect because dosage is carefully calibrated based on the animal’s weight and species. About Tranquilizers: What is a Tranquilizer? A chemical agentused to immobilize animals by inducing sedation or unconsciousness through remote injection mechanisms like dart guns. Tranquilizers in the Past: Rudimentary Methods: Manual Capture:Early methods involved traps, pitfalls, and chasing animals with nets. Early Chemical Tranquilizers: Curare:Derived from tree bark, used by South American tribes for hunting. It paralyzed animals but didn’t sedate them. Narcotic Bullets (1912):Carried morphine for painless kills but lacked precision in immobilization. Mercy Bullets (1928): Hypodermic needles with basic sedative chemicals, first introduced by Captain Barnett Harris. Often unreliable and lethal in incorrect doses. How Tranquilizers Work: Delivered via dart gunspowered by compressed CO2 gas. The dart injects the chemical subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The tranquilizer acts on the central nervous system, inducing sedationor anesthesia

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the administration of tranquilizers:

• Tranquilizers can be delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using dart guns.

• Modern tranquilizer darts are powered by compressed air or CO2.

• The dosage of tranquilizers is independent of the animal’s weight and species.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: a)

Tranquilizers are typically delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using darts powered by CO2 or compressed air. Statement 3 is incorrect because dosage is carefully calibrated based on the animal’s weight and species.

About Tranquilizers:

What is a Tranquilizer?

• A chemical agentused to immobilize animals by inducing sedation or unconsciousness through remote injection mechanisms like dart guns.

Tranquilizers in the Past:

Rudimentary Methods:

• Manual Capture:Early methods involved traps, pitfalls, and chasing animals with nets.

Early Chemical Tranquilizers:

• Curare:Derived from tree bark, used by South American tribes for hunting. It paralyzed animals but didn’t sedate them.

• Narcotic Bullets (1912):Carried morphine for painless kills but lacked precision in immobilization.

• Mercy Bullets (1928):

• Hypodermic needles with basic sedative chemicals, first introduced by Captain Barnett Harris.

• Often unreliable and lethal in incorrect doses.

How Tranquilizers Work:

• Delivered via dart gunspowered by compressed CO2 gas.

• The dart injects the chemical subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

• The tranquilizer acts on the central nervous system, inducing sedationor anesthesia

Solution: a)

Tranquilizers are typically delivered subcutaneously or intramuscularly using darts powered by CO2 or compressed air. Statement 3 is incorrect because dosage is carefully calibrated based on the animal’s weight and species.

About Tranquilizers:

What is a Tranquilizer?

• A chemical agentused to immobilize animals by inducing sedation or unconsciousness through remote injection mechanisms like dart guns.

Tranquilizers in the Past:

Rudimentary Methods:

• Manual Capture:Early methods involved traps, pitfalls, and chasing animals with nets.

Early Chemical Tranquilizers:

• Curare:Derived from tree bark, used by South American tribes for hunting. It paralyzed animals but didn’t sedate them.

• Narcotic Bullets (1912):Carried morphine for painless kills but lacked precision in immobilization.

• Mercy Bullets (1928):

• Hypodermic needles with basic sedative chemicals, first introduced by Captain Barnett Harris.

• Often unreliable and lethal in incorrect doses.

How Tranquilizers Work:

• Delivered via dart gunspowered by compressed CO2 gas.

• The dart injects the chemical subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

• The tranquilizer acts on the central nervous system, inducing sedationor anesthesia

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding HMPV transmission and epidemiology: It primarily spreads through direct person-to-person contact. It is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory infections in children. It cannot survive on surfaces for more than a few minutes. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: a) HMPV spreads through direct contact and causes severe respiratory infections in children. Statement 3 is incorrect as the virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, facilitating indirect transmission. Incorrect Solution: a) HMPV spreads through direct contact and causes severe respiratory infections in children. Statement 3 is incorrect as the virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, facilitating indirect transmission.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding HMPV transmission and epidemiology:

• It primarily spreads through direct person-to-person contact.

• It is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory infections in children.

• It cannot survive on surfaces for more than a few minutes.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: a)

HMPV spreads through direct contact and causes severe respiratory infections in children. Statement 3 is incorrect as the virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, facilitating indirect transmission.

Solution: a)

HMPV spreads through direct contact and causes severe respiratory infections in children. Statement 3 is incorrect as the virus can survive on surfaces for extended periods, facilitating indirect transmission.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about BAANKNET’s significance for Public Sector Banks (PSBs): It helps PSBs recover bad loans by auctioning distressed properties. It ensures complete elimination of bad debts from PSB balance sheets. It enhances investor confidence by ensuring transparency in auctions. It provides PSBs with a platform to collaborate on the disposal of non-performing assets (NPAs). How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because while BAANKNET aids in reducing bad debts, it cannot completely eliminate them. Incorrect Solution: c) Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because while BAANKNET aids in reducing bad debts, it cannot completely eliminate them.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements about BAANKNET’s significance for Public Sector Banks (PSBs):

• It helps PSBs recover bad loans by auctioning distressed properties.

• It ensures complete elimination of bad debts from PSB balance sheets.

• It enhances investor confidence by ensuring transparency in auctions.

• It provides PSBs with a platform to collaborate on the disposal of non-performing assets (NPAs).

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because while BAANKNET aids in reducing bad debts, it cannot completely eliminate them.

Solution: c)

Statements 1, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 2 is incorrect because while BAANKNET aids in reducing bad debts, it cannot completely eliminate them.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points India has lodged a protest with China over the establishment of two new counties, He’an and Hekang, in the Hotan Prefecture. Why is Hotan Prefecture geopolitically significant? a) It contains the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party. b) It is a hub for oil and natural gas exploration. c) It includes disputed territories like Aksai Chin. d) It serves as a critical port for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Correct Solution: c) Hotan Prefecture includes Aksai Chin, a territory disputed between India and China, making it geopolitically significant. About Hotan Prefecture: What it is: Hotan Prefecture is an administrative division in southwestern Xinjiang, China, and encompasses disputed territories like Aksai Chin. Location: Located in the Tarim Basin, it borders Tibet to the south, and Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The region spans vast deserts and mountainous terrains. History: Aksai Chin became a contentious area during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. Administered by China since 1962, Hotan was designated as a prefecture in 1971. Geographical Features: Taklamakan Desert: A vast desert covering the northern part of the prefecture. Kunlun Mountains: Form the southern border, offering a natural divide from Tibet. Oases: Hotan city and other settlements thrive on oases, enabling agriculture and trade. Demographics: Predominantly Muslim Uyghurs inhabit the prefecture, living in oases between the Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains. Incorrect Solution: c) Hotan Prefecture includes Aksai Chin, a territory disputed between India and China, making it geopolitically significant. About Hotan Prefecture: What it is: Hotan Prefecture is an administrative division in southwestern Xinjiang, China, and encompasses disputed territories like Aksai Chin. Location: Located in the Tarim Basin, it borders Tibet to the south, and Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The region spans vast deserts and mountainous terrains. History: Aksai Chin became a contentious area during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. Administered by China since 1962, Hotan was designated as a prefecture in 1971. Geographical Features: Taklamakan Desert: A vast desert covering the northern part of the prefecture. Kunlun Mountains: Form the southern border, offering a natural divide from Tibet. Oases: Hotan city and other settlements thrive on oases, enabling agriculture and trade. Demographics: Predominantly Muslim Uyghurs inhabit the prefecture, living in oases between the Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains.

#### 10. Question

India has lodged a protest with China over the establishment of two new counties, He’an and Hekang, in the Hotan Prefecture. Why is Hotan Prefecture geopolitically significant?

• a) It contains the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party.

• b) It is a hub for oil and natural gas exploration.

• c) It includes disputed territories like Aksai Chin.

• d) It serves as a critical port for China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Solution: c)

Hotan Prefecture includes Aksai Chin, a territory disputed between India and China, making it geopolitically significant.

About Hotan Prefecture:

• What it is: Hotan Prefecture is an administrative division in southwestern Xinjiang, China, and encompasses disputed territories like Aksai Chin.

• Location: Located in the Tarim Basin, it borders Tibet to the south, and Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The region spans vast deserts and mountainous terrains.

History:

• Aksai Chin became a contentious area during the Sino-Indian War of 1962.

• Administered by China since 1962, Hotan was designated as a prefecture in 1971.

Geographical Features:

• Taklamakan Desert: A vast desert covering the northern part of the prefecture.

• Kunlun Mountains: Form the southern border, offering a natural divide from Tibet.

• Oases: Hotan city and other settlements thrive on oases, enabling agriculture and trade.

Demographics: Predominantly Muslim Uyghurs inhabit the prefecture, living in oases between the Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains.

Solution: c)

Hotan Prefecture includes Aksai Chin, a territory disputed between India and China, making it geopolitically significant.

About Hotan Prefecture:

• What it is: Hotan Prefecture is an administrative division in southwestern Xinjiang, China, and encompasses disputed territories like Aksai Chin.

• Location: Located in the Tarim Basin, it borders Tibet to the south, and Ladakh and Gilgit-Baltistan to the west. The region spans vast deserts and mountainous terrains.

History:

• Aksai Chin became a contentious area during the Sino-Indian War of 1962.

• Administered by China since 1962, Hotan was designated as a prefecture in 1971.

Geographical Features:

• Taklamakan Desert: A vast desert covering the northern part of the prefecture.

• Kunlun Mountains: Form the southern border, offering a natural divide from Tibet.

• Oases: Hotan city and other settlements thrive on oases, enabling agriculture and trade.

Demographics: Predominantly Muslim Uyghurs inhabit the prefecture, living in oases between the Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains.

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