UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 4 August 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Apna Ghar’ initiative: It is a central sector scheme launched by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to provide permanent housing to truck drivers. The initiative is implemented exclusively by Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) at their retail outlets. It integrates a mobile application to facilitate bookings and gather user feedback for service improvement. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The initiative provides resting facilities, not permanent housing. Furthermore, the nodal ministry is the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, not the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Statement 2 is incorrect. The implementation is primarily by OMCs. The scheme’s core nature is about resting infrastructure, not just OMC-led implementation. Statement 3 is correct. The launch of the ‘Apna Ghar’ mobile app is for booking, feedback, and driver engagement. This tech integration is a key feature for ensuring the user-centric design and continuous improvement of the facilities. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect. The initiative provides resting facilities, not permanent housing. Furthermore, the nodal ministry is the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, not the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Statement 2 is incorrect. The implementation is primarily by OMCs. The scheme’s core nature is about resting infrastructure, not just OMC-led implementation. Statement 3 is correct. The launch of the ‘Apna Ghar’ mobile app is for booking, feedback, and driver engagement. This tech integration is a key feature for ensuring the user-centric design and continuous improvement of the facilities.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Apna Ghar’ initiative:

• It is a central sector scheme launched by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to provide permanent housing to truck drivers.

• The initiative is implemented exclusively by Public Sector Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) at their retail outlets.

• It integrates a mobile application to facilitate bookings and gather user feedback for service improvement.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The initiative provides resting facilities, not permanent housing. Furthermore, the nodal ministry is the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, not the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The implementation is primarily by OMCs. The scheme’s core nature is about resting infrastructure, not just OMC-led implementation.

• Statement 3 is correct. The launch of the ‘Apna Ghar’ mobile app is for booking, feedback, and driver engagement. This tech integration is a key feature for ensuring the user-centric design and continuous improvement of the facilities.

Solution: A

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The implementation is primarily by OMCs. The scheme’s core nature is about resting infrastructure, not just OMC-led implementation.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points With reference to the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), consider the following statements: The SGPC was founded as a result of the Gurdwara Reform Movement and was subsequently given statutory recognition by the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925. Its jurisdiction is limited to the management of historical Gurdwaras located within the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. The SGPC functions as the supreme temporal authority in Sikhism, with its decisions being binding on all Sikhs globally. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. The SGPC was founded in 1920 during the Gurdwara Reform Movement, a struggle to free gurdwaras from the control of British-appointed mahants. Its authority was formalized and legally recognized through the Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925. Statement 2 is incorrect. The SGPC’s functions are not confined to a few states. It is described as an apex body that manages historical gurdwaras “in India and abroad”, indicating a much wider scope of administration beyond just Punjab and its neighbouring states. Statement 3 is incorrect. The SGPC is the apex elected body for the management of Gurdwaras and religious affairs. The SGPC acts under the guidance of the Akal Takht Sahib, but is not the supreme authority itself. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. The SGPC was founded in 1920 during the Gurdwara Reform Movement, a struggle to free gurdwaras from the control of British-appointed mahants. Its authority was formalized and legally recognized through the Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925. Statement 2 is incorrect. The SGPC’s functions are not confined to a few states. It is described as an apex body that manages historical gurdwaras “in India and abroad”, indicating a much wider scope of administration beyond just Punjab and its neighbouring states. Statement 3 is incorrect. The SGPC is the apex elected body for the management of Gurdwaras and religious affairs. The SGPC acts under the guidance of the Akal Takht Sahib, but is not the supreme authority itself.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC), consider the following statements:

• The SGPC was founded as a result of the Gurdwara Reform Movement and was subsequently given statutory recognition by the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925.

• Its jurisdiction is limited to the management of historical Gurdwaras located within the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

• The SGPC functions as the supreme temporal authority in Sikhism, with its decisions being binding on all Sikhs globally.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct. The SGPC was founded in 1920 during the Gurdwara Reform Movement, a struggle to free gurdwaras from the control of British-appointed mahants. Its authority was formalized and legally recognized through the Sikh Gurdwaras Act of 1925.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The SGPC’s functions are not confined to a few states. It is described as an apex body that manages historical gurdwaras “in India and abroad”, indicating a much wider scope of administration beyond just Punjab and its neighbouring states.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The SGPC is the apex elected body for the management of Gurdwaras and religious affairs. The SGPC acts under the guidance of the Akal Takht Sahib, but is not the supreme authority itself.

Solution: A

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme (PMNDP): Statement I: The Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme (PMNDP) has significantly improved access to dialysis care across India, especially for economically weaker sections. Statement II: The programme mandates a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model for all states and offers services exclusively for Haemodialysis. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The programme’s objective is to provide equitable and affordable dialysis care, reducing the financial burden on BPL families. Its expansion to 751 districts with over 1,700 centres demonstrates its role in improving access. Statement-II is incorrect. The implementation is not exclusively through a PPP model; the states use PPP, in-house, and hybrid models. Secondly, the programme covers both Haemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD), not just Haemodialysis. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The programme’s objective is to provide equitable and affordable dialysis care, reducing the financial burden on BPL families. Its expansion to 751 districts with over 1,700 centres demonstrates its role in improving access. Statement-II is incorrect. The implementation is not exclusively through a PPP model; the states use PPP, in-house, and hybrid models. Secondly, the programme covers both Haemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD), not just Haemodialysis.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme (PMNDP):

Statement I: The Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Programme (PMNDP) has significantly improved access to dialysis care across India, especially for economically weaker sections.

Statement II: The programme mandates a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model for all states and offers services exclusively for Haemodialysis.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. The programme’s objective is to provide equitable and affordable dialysis care, reducing the financial burden on BPL families. Its expansion to 751 districts with over 1,700 centres demonstrates its role in improving access.

• Statement-II is incorrect. The implementation is not exclusively through a PPP model; the states use PPP, in-house, and hybrid models. Secondly, the programme covers both Haemodialysis (HD) and Peritoneal Dialysis (PD), not just Haemodialysis.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the recently revised UPI operational rules by NPCI, consider the following: A limit on the number of daily balance checks per application. Restriction on the execution time for auto-debit mandates. Display of the recipient’s registered bank name before transaction confirmation. A mandatory 90-second cooling-off period between any two consecutive UPI transactions. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C Change 1 is correct. A limit of 50 balance checks per day per app has been introduced to reduce server load. Change 2 is correct. Auto-debit mandates are now restricted to non-peak hours (before 10 AM, 1–5 PM, or after 9:30 PM) to balance system load. Change 3 is correct. To reduce errors and fraud, the registered bank name of the recipient will be shown for verification before the user confirms the payment. Change 4 is incorrect. The 90-second gap is not between any two transactions. It is specifically for checking the status of a single transaction, and a user is limited to 3 such status checks per transaction with a minimum 90-second interval between attempts. Incorrect Solution: C Change 1 is correct. A limit of 50 balance checks per day per app has been introduced to reduce server load. Change 2 is correct. Auto-debit mandates are now restricted to non-peak hours (before 10 AM, 1–5 PM, or after 9:30 PM) to balance system load. Change 3 is correct. To reduce errors and fraud, the registered bank name of the recipient will be shown for verification before the user confirms the payment. Change 4 is incorrect. The 90-second gap is not between any two transactions. It is specifically for checking the status of a single transaction, and a user is limited to 3 such status checks per transaction with a minimum 90-second interval between attempts.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the recently revised UPI operational rules by NPCI, consider the following:

• A limit on the number of daily balance checks per application.

• Restriction on the execution time for auto-debit mandates.

• Display of the recipient’s registered bank name before transaction confirmation.

• A mandatory 90-second cooling-off period between any two consecutive UPI transactions.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

• Change 1 is correct. A limit of 50 balance checks per day per app has been introduced to reduce server load.

• Change 2 is correct. Auto-debit mandates are now restricted to non-peak hours (before 10 AM, 1–5 PM, or after 9:30 PM) to balance system load.

• Change 3 is correct. To reduce errors and fraud, the registered bank name of the recipient will be shown for verification before the user confirms the payment.

• Change 4 is incorrect. The 90-second gap is not between any two transactions. It is specifically for checking the status of a single transaction, and a user is limited to 3 such status checks per transaction with a minimum 90-second interval between attempts.

Solution: C

• Change 1 is correct. A limit of 50 balance checks per day per app has been introduced to reduce server load.

• Change 2 is correct. Auto-debit mandates are now restricted to non-peak hours (before 10 AM, 1–5 PM, or after 9:30 PM) to balance system load.

• Change 3 is correct. To reduce errors and fraud, the registered bank name of the recipient will be shown for verification before the user confirms the payment.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Mouse Deer (Chevrotain): It is the world’s smallest hoofed mammal and belongs to a primitive ruminant lineage distinct from both deer and mice. Certain species of chevrotain exhibit an unusual dietary behaviour for ruminants by occasionally consuming animal matter. The species is known for a unique defence mechanism where it drums its hooves at a high frequency to deter predators. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The mouse deer (chevrotain) is the world’s smallest hoofed mammal and clarifies that despite its name, it is unrelated to deer (family Cervidae) or mice, belonging to its own family, Tragulidae, representing a primitive ruminant lineage. Statement 2 is correct. While primarily herbivorous, the African chevrotain is an exception and occasionally consumes insects, crabs, and even scavenged meat, which is an unusual trait for a ruminant. Statement 3 is incorrect. The hoof-drumming is a real adaptation, but its purpose is to signal distress or warn off threats, not to directly deter predators through the sound itself. It is a communication signal. Furthermore, the most prominent defence mechanism is its ability to hide underwater. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct. The mouse deer (chevrotain) is the world’s smallest hoofed mammal and clarifies that despite its name, it is unrelated to deer (family Cervidae) or mice, belonging to its own family, Tragulidae, representing a primitive ruminant lineage. Statement 2 is correct. While primarily herbivorous, the African chevrotain is an exception and occasionally consumes insects, crabs, and even scavenged meat, which is an unusual trait for a ruminant. Statement 3 is incorrect. The hoof-drumming is a real adaptation, but its purpose is to signal distress or warn off threats, not to directly deter predators through the sound itself. It is a communication signal. Furthermore, the most prominent defence mechanism is its ability to hide underwater.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the Mouse Deer (Chevrotain):

• It is the world’s smallest hoofed mammal and belongs to a primitive ruminant lineage distinct from both deer and mice.

• Certain species of chevrotain exhibit an unusual dietary behaviour for ruminants by occasionally consuming animal matter.

• The species is known for a unique defence mechanism where it drums its hooves at a high frequency to deter predators.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct. The mouse deer (chevrotain) is the world’s smallest hoofed mammal and clarifies that despite its name, it is unrelated to deer (family Cervidae) or mice, belonging to its own family, Tragulidae, representing a primitive ruminant lineage.

• Statement 2 is correct. While primarily herbivorous, the African chevrotain is an exception and occasionally consumes insects, crabs, and even scavenged meat, which is an unusual trait for a ruminant.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The hoof-drumming is a real adaptation, but its purpose is to signal distress or warn off threats, not to directly deter predators through the sound itself. It is a communication signal. Furthermore, the most prominent defence mechanism is its ability to hide underwater.

Solution: B

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points With reference to the geographical features of Slovenia, match List-I with List-II: List-I (Region) List-II (Dominant Characteristic) A. Slovene Littoral 1. Characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground rivers B. Alpine Highlands 2. Major agricultural zone with rich alluvial soils from the Sava and Drava rivers C. Karst Plateau 3. Contains the nation’s highest peak and notable glacial lakes like Bled and Bohinj D. Subpannonian Plains 4. Provides coastal access to the Adriatic Sea via the Gulf of Venice Select the correct answer code: (a) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2 (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 (c) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4 (d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 Correct Solution: D Slovene Littoral: This is the coastal region, providing access to the Gulf of Venice on the Adriatic Sea. So, A matches 4. Alpine Highlands: This region contains the Julian Alps and the country’s highest peak, Mount Triglav, along with famous lakes like Bled. So, B matches 3. Karst Plateau: This region is globally famous for its karstic topography, which includes sinkholes, caves, and underground river systems. So, C matches 1. Subpannonian Plains: This eastern region has rich alluvial soils deposited by major rivers and is the primary agricultural heartland. So, D matches 2. Incorrect Solution: D Slovene Littoral: This is the coastal region, providing access to the Gulf of Venice on the Adriatic Sea. So, A matches 4. Alpine Highlands: This region contains the Julian Alps and the country’s highest peak, Mount Triglav, along with famous lakes like Bled. So, B matches 3. Karst Plateau: This region is globally famous for its karstic topography, which includes sinkholes, caves, and underground river systems. So, C matches 1. Subpannonian Plains: This eastern region has rich alluvial soils deposited by major rivers and is the primary agricultural heartland. So, D matches 2.

#### 6. Question

With reference to the geographical features of Slovenia, match List-I with List-II:

List-I (Region) | List-II (Dominant Characteristic)

A. Slovene Littoral | 1. Characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground rivers

B. Alpine Highlands | 2. Major agricultural zone with rich alluvial soils from the Sava and Drava rivers

C. Karst Plateau | 3. Contains the nation’s highest peak and notable glacial lakes like Bled and Bohinj

D. Subpannonian Plains | 4. Provides coastal access to the Adriatic Sea via the Gulf of Venice

Select the correct answer code:

• (a) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

• (b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

• (c) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

• (d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

Solution: D

• Slovene Littoral: This is the coastal region, providing access to the Gulf of Venice on the Adriatic Sea. So, A matches 4.

• Alpine Highlands: This region contains the Julian Alps and the country’s highest peak, Mount Triglav, along with famous lakes like Bled. So, B matches 3.

• Karst Plateau: This region is globally famous for its karstic topography, which includes sinkholes, caves, and underground river systems. So, C matches 1.

• Subpannonian Plains: This eastern region has rich alluvial soils deposited by major rivers and is the primary agricultural heartland. So, D matches 2.

Solution: D

• Slovene Littoral: This is the coastal region, providing access to the Gulf of Venice on the Adriatic Sea. So, A matches 4.

• Alpine Highlands: This region contains the Julian Alps and the country’s highest peak, Mount Triglav, along with famous lakes like Bled. So, B matches 3.

• Karst Plateau: This region is globally famous for its karstic topography, which includes sinkholes, caves, and underground river systems. So, C matches 1.

• Subpannonian Plains: This eastern region has rich alluvial soils deposited by major rivers and is the primary agricultural heartland. So, D matches 2.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Silver-backed Chevrotain: Statement I: The recent rediscovery of the Silver-backed Chevrotain in Vietnam has generated significant global conservation optimism. Statement II: The species was believed to be extinct for several decades, and its reappearance highlights the potential for other ‘lost’ species to persist undetected in underexplored habitats. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is a correct observation. The rediscovery has “sparked global conservation optimism.” Statement-II is also correct and provides the reason. The optimism mentioned in Statement-I is not just about this one species. It is because the species was thought to be extinct for over 30 years. Its rediscovery provides tangible hope and a powerful argument for increasing survey efforts in remote ecosystems, as other species currently presumed extinct might also survive. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is a correct observation. The rediscovery has “sparked global conservation optimism.” Statement-II is also correct and provides the reason. The optimism mentioned in Statement-I is not just about this one species. It is because the species was thought to be extinct for over 30 years. Its rediscovery provides tangible hope and a powerful argument for increasing survey efforts in remote ecosystems, as other species currently presumed extinct might also survive.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Silver-backed Chevrotain:

Statement I: The recent rediscovery of the Silver-backed Chevrotain in Vietnam has generated significant global conservation optimism.

Statement II: The species was believed to be extinct for several decades, and its reappearance highlights the potential for other ‘lost’ species to persist undetected in underexplored habitats.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is a correct observation. The rediscovery has “sparked global conservation optimism.”

• Statement-II is also correct and provides the reason. The optimism mentioned in Statement-I is not just about this one species. It is because the species was thought to be extinct for over 30 years. Its rediscovery provides tangible hope and a powerful argument for increasing survey efforts in remote ecosystems, as other species currently presumed extinct might also survive.

Solution: A

• Statement-I is a correct observation. The rediscovery has “sparked global conservation optimism.”

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Slovenia, recently in the news, is a Central European nation. Which of the following countries does it NOT share a land border with it? (a) Austria (b) Croatia (c) Hungary (d) Serbia Correct Solution: D Slovenia’s neighbours as Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Italy. While Slovenia was part of the former Yugoslavia, as was Serbia, they do not share a direct land border. Croatia lies between Slovenia and Serbia. Incorrect Solution: D Slovenia’s neighbours as Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Italy. While Slovenia was part of the former Yugoslavia, as was Serbia, they do not share a direct land border. Croatia lies between Slovenia and Serbia.

#### 8. Question

Slovenia, recently in the news, is a Central European nation. Which of the following countries does it NOT share a land border with it?

• (a) Austria

• (b) Croatia

• (c) Hungary

• (d) Serbia

Solution: D

Slovenia’s neighbours as Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Italy. While Slovenia was part of the former Yugoslavia, as was Serbia, they do not share a direct land border. Croatia lies between Slovenia and Serbia.

Solution: D

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Match the geographical feature with its location and characteristic. Column I (Feature) Column II (Location) Column III (Characteristic) 1. Klyuchevskaya Sopka A. Chile P. World’s highest active volcano 2. Ojos del Salado B. Kamchatka Peninsula Q. Eurasia’s tallest active volcano 3. Atacama Desert C. South America R. One of the driest places on Earth Select the correct combination: (a) 1-A-Q, 2-B-P, 3-C-R (b) 1-B-Q, 2-A-P, 3-C-R (c) 1-B-P, 2-A-Q, 3-C-R (d) 1-A-Q, 2-C-P, 3-B-R Correct Solution: B Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1): This is another name for the Klyuchevskoy volcano. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula (B) and is the tallest active volcano in Eurasia (Q). This gives the combination 1-B-Q. Ojos del Salado (2): It is located in Chile (A) on the continent of South America and is the world’s highest active volcano (P). This gives the combination 2-A-P. Atacama Desert (3): This desert is in northern Chile, which is in South America (C). It is famous for being one of the driest places on Earth (R). This gives the combination 3-C-R. Incorrect Solution: B Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1): This is another name for the Klyuchevskoy volcano. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula (B) and is the tallest active volcano in Eurasia (Q). This gives the combination 1-B-Q. Ojos del Salado (2): It is located in Chile (A) on the continent of South America and is the world’s highest active volcano (P). This gives the combination 2-A-P. Atacama Desert (3): This desert is in northern Chile, which is in South America (C). It is famous for being one of the driest places on Earth (R). This gives the combination 3-C-R.

#### 9. Question

Match the geographical feature with its location and characteristic.

Column I (Feature) | Column II (Location) | Column III (Characteristic)

1.Klyuchevskaya Sopka | A. Chile | P. World’s highest active volcano
2.Ojos del Salado | B. Kamchatka Peninsula | Q. Eurasia’s tallest active volcano
3.Atacama Desert | C. South America | R. One of the driest places on Earth

Select the correct combination:

• (a) 1-A-Q, 2-B-P, 3-C-R

• (b) 1-B-Q, 2-A-P, 3-C-R

• (c) 1-B-P, 2-A-Q, 3-C-R

• (d) 1-A-Q, 2-C-P, 3-B-R

Solution: B

• Klyuchevskaya Sopka (1): This is another name for the Klyuchevskoy volcano. It is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula (B) and is the tallest active volcano in Eurasia (Q). This gives the combination 1-B-Q.

• Ojos del Salado (2): It is located in Chile (A) on the continent of South America and is the world’s highest active volcano (P). This gives the combination 2-A-P.

• Atacama Desert (3): This desert is in northern Chile, which is in South America (C). It is famous for being one of the driest places on Earth (R). This gives the combination 3-C-R.

Solution: B

• Ojos del Salado (2): It is located in Chile (A) on the continent of South America and is the world’s highest active volcano (P). This gives the combination 2-A-P.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Chile is experiencing accelerated and severe coastal erosion along its Pacific coastline. Statement-II: The phenomenon stated in Statement I is driven exclusively by natural, climate-change-induced factors such as rising sea levels and more frequent storm swells. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Chile is facing a severe environmental crisis with 86% of its monitored beaches shrinking and some projected to vanish within a decade. This accurately reflects a state of accelerated and severe coastal erosion. Statement-II is incorrect. There are two types of causes: climate-induced forces (swells, sea-level rise) and human activities (unregulated urbanization, construction near dunes, degradation of river basins). Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. Chile is facing a severe environmental crisis with 86% of its monitored beaches shrinking and some projected to vanish within a decade. This accurately reflects a state of accelerated and severe coastal erosion. Statement-II is incorrect. There are two types of causes: climate-induced forces (swells, sea-level rise) and human activities (unregulated urbanization, construction near dunes, degradation of river basins).

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement-I: Chile is experiencing accelerated and severe coastal erosion along its Pacific coastline.

Statement-II: The phenomenon stated in Statement I is driven exclusively by natural, climate-change-induced factors such as rising sea levels and more frequent storm swells.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. Chile is facing a severe environmental crisis with 86% of its monitored beaches shrinking and some projected to vanish within a decade. This accurately reflects a state of accelerated and severe coastal erosion.

• Statement-II is incorrect. There are two types of causes: climate-induced forces (swells, sea-level rise) and human activities (unregulated urbanization, construction near dunes, degradation of river basins).

Solution: C

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