UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 31 December 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points What is the primary objective of the SpaDeX Mission? a) Deployment of communication satellites b) Establishment of a geostationary orbit for surveillance c) Demonstration of rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two spacecraft d) Testing solar power generation in space Correct Solution: c) The SpaDeX Mission aims to demonstrate critical technologies such as spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking to support future robotic and inter-satellite applications. About SpaDeX Mission: Launch Vehicle:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) in its core-alone configuration. Aim: Primary: Demonstrate rendezvous, docking, and undockingof two spacecraft. Secondary: Transfer electric powerbetween docked spacecraft for future robotic applications. Composite spacecraft control and post-dockingpayload operations. Features: Launch of two satellites: SDX01 (Chaser)and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg. Placement in a 470-km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination. Progressive docking process:From a 20-km separation (Far Rendezvous) to a 3-meter docking distance. Demonstration of electrical power transfer between the two spacecraft post-docking. Incorrect Solution: c) The SpaDeX Mission aims to demonstrate critical technologies such as spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking to support future robotic and inter-satellite applications. About SpaDeX Mission: Launch Vehicle:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) in its core-alone configuration. Aim: Primary: Demonstrate rendezvous, docking, and undockingof two spacecraft. Secondary: Transfer electric powerbetween docked spacecraft for future robotic applications. Composite spacecraft control and post-dockingpayload operations. Features: Launch of two satellites: SDX01 (Chaser)and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg. Placement in a 470-km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination. Progressive docking process:From a 20-km separation (Far Rendezvous) to a 3-meter docking distance. Demonstration of electrical power transfer between the two spacecraft post-docking.

#### 1. Question

What is the primary objective of the SpaDeX Mission?

• a) Deployment of communication satellites

• b) Establishment of a geostationary orbit for surveillance

• c) Demonstration of rendezvous, docking, and undocking of two spacecraft

• d) Testing solar power generation in space

Solution: c)

The SpaDeX Mission aims to demonstrate critical technologies such as spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking to support future robotic and inter-satellite applications.

About SpaDeX Mission:

• Launch Vehicle:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) in its core-alone configuration.

Primary:

• Demonstrate rendezvous, docking, and undockingof two spacecraft.

Secondary:

• Transfer electric powerbetween docked spacecraft for future robotic applications.

• Composite spacecraft control and post-dockingpayload operations.

Features:

• Launch of two satellites: SDX01 (Chaser)and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg.

• Placement in a 470-km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.

• Progressive docking process:From a 20-km separation (Far Rendezvous) to a 3-meter docking distance.

• Demonstration of electrical power transfer between the two spacecraft post-docking.

Solution: c)

The SpaDeX Mission aims to demonstrate critical technologies such as spacecraft rendezvous, docking, and undocking to support future robotic and inter-satellite applications.

About SpaDeX Mission:

• Launch Vehicle:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) in its core-alone configuration.

Primary:

• Demonstrate rendezvous, docking, and undockingof two spacecraft.

Secondary:

• Transfer electric powerbetween docked spacecraft for future robotic applications.

• Composite spacecraft control and post-dockingpayload operations.

Features:

• Launch of two satellites: SDX01 (Chaser)and SDX02 (Target), each weighing 220 kg.

• Placement in a 470-km circular orbit at a 55-degree inclination.

• Progressive docking process:From a 20-km separation (Far Rendezvous) to a 3-meter docking distance.

• Demonstration of electrical power transfer between the two spacecraft post-docking.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage: It aims to safeguard cultural expressions endangered by globalization. It only includes practices that are actively supported by governments. It requires alignment with principles of sustainable development. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 1, 2, and 3 c) 2 and 3 d) 1 and 3 Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct as the initiative focuses on safeguarding cultural practices endangered by globalization. Statement 3 is correct because inclusion requires alignment with sustainable development. Statement 2 is incorrect as community participation, not just government support, is a crucial criterion. About UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Established in:Adopted in 2003, came into force in 2006 under the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Aim:To safeguard cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge systems endangered by globalization, ensuring respect for community heritage. Criteria: Must demonstrate the importance of the practice for cultural identity. Should involve active community participation. Must align with the principles of human rights and sustainable development. Types of Lists: Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Register of Good Safeguarding Practices. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct as the initiative focuses on safeguarding cultural practices endangered by globalization. Statement 3 is correct because inclusion requires alignment with sustainable development. Statement 2 is incorrect as community participation, not just government support, is a crucial criterion. About UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Established in:Adopted in 2003, came into force in 2006 under the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Aim:To safeguard cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge systems endangered by globalization, ensuring respect for community heritage. Criteria: Must demonstrate the importance of the practice for cultural identity. Should involve active community participation. Must align with the principles of human rights and sustainable development. Types of Lists: Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding. Register of Good Safeguarding Practices.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage:

• It aims to safeguard cultural expressions endangered by globalization.

• It only includes practices that are actively supported by governments.

• It requires alignment with principles of sustainable development.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2

• b) 1, 2, and 3

• c) 2 and 3

• d) 1 and 3

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct as the initiative focuses on safeguarding cultural practices endangered by globalization. Statement 3 is correct because inclusion requires alignment with sustainable development. Statement 2 is incorrect as community participation, not just government support, is a crucial criterion.

About UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage:

• Established in:Adopted in 2003, came into force in 2006 under the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

• Aim:To safeguard cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge systems endangered by globalization, ensuring respect for community heritage.

Criteria:

• Must demonstrate the importance of the practice for cultural identity.

• Should involve active community participation.

• Must align with the principles of human rights and sustainable development.

Types of Lists:

• Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

• List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

• Register of Good Safeguarding Practices.

Solution: d)

About UNESCO’s National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage:

• Established in:Adopted in 2003, came into force in 2006 under the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

• Aim:To safeguard cultural practices, expressions, and knowledge systems endangered by globalization, ensuring respect for community heritage.

Criteria:

• Must demonstrate the importance of the practice for cultural identity.

• Should involve active community participation.

• Must align with the principles of human rights and sustainable development.

Types of Lists:

• Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

• List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding.

• Register of Good Safeguarding Practices.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Upper Siang Multipurpose Project: It aims to generate hydropower and mitigate floods. It is located near the Dibang River in Assam. It involves collaboration between National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited (NEEPCO). Its reservoir is designed to maintain river flow during lean seasons. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 b) 2, 3, and 4 c) 1, 3, and 4 d) 1, 2, and 4 Correct Solution: c) The project generates power, mitigates floods, and maintains river flow during lean seasons. Statement 2 is incorrect because the project is located on the Siang River, not the Dibang River, and is in Arunachal Pradesh, not Assam. About Upper Siang Multipurpose Project: What it is:A multipurpose hydroelectric project aimed at flood mitigation, maintaining the Siang River’s natural flow, and electricity generation with a capacity of 11,000 MW. Location:Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, near the Siang River (Brahmaputra). River:Siang River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River. States Involved:Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (infrastructure development and approach roads). Key Features: Reservoir capacity:9 billion cubic metres (BCM). Installed capacity:11,000 MW. Jointly developed by NHPC and NEEPCO. Designed to mitigate flooding from upstream water releases by China and maintain river flow during lean seasons. Incorrect Solution: c) The project generates power, mitigates floods, and maintains river flow during lean seasons. Statement 2 is incorrect because the project is located on the Siang River, not the Dibang River, and is in Arunachal Pradesh, not Assam. About Upper Siang Multipurpose Project: What it is:A multipurpose hydroelectric project aimed at flood mitigation, maintaining the Siang River’s natural flow, and electricity generation with a capacity of 11,000 MW. Location:Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, near the Siang River (Brahmaputra). River:Siang River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River. States Involved:Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (infrastructure development and approach roads). Key Features: Reservoir capacity:9 billion cubic metres (BCM). Installed capacity:11,000 MW. Jointly developed by NHPC and NEEPCO. Designed to mitigate flooding from upstream water releases by China and maintain river flow during lean seasons.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about the Upper Siang Multipurpose Project:

• It aims to generate hydropower and mitigate floods.

• It is located near the Dibang River in Assam.

• It involves collaboration between National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited (NEEPCO).

• Its reservoir is designed to maintain river flow during lean seasons.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 3

• b) 2, 3, and 4

• c) 1, 3, and 4

• d) 1, 2, and 4

Solution: c)

The project generates power, mitigates floods, and maintains river flow during lean seasons. Statement 2 is incorrect because the project is located on the Siang River, not the Dibang River, and is in Arunachal Pradesh, not Assam.

About Upper Siang Multipurpose Project:

• What it is:A multipurpose hydroelectric project aimed at flood mitigation, maintaining the Siang River’s natural flow, and electricity generation with a capacity of 11,000 MW.

• Location:Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, near the Siang River (Brahmaputra).

• River:Siang River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

• States Involved:Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (infrastructure development and approach roads).

Key Features:

• Reservoir capacity:9 billion cubic metres (BCM).

• Installed capacity:11,000 MW.

• Jointly developed by NHPC and NEEPCO.

• Designed to mitigate flooding from upstream water releases by China and maintain river flow during lean seasons.

Solution: c)

About Upper Siang Multipurpose Project:

• What it is:A multipurpose hydroelectric project aimed at flood mitigation, maintaining the Siang River’s natural flow, and electricity generation with a capacity of 11,000 MW.

• Location:Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, near the Siang River (Brahmaputra).

• River:Siang River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

• States Involved:Arunachal Pradesh and Assam (infrastructure development and approach roads).

Key Features:

• Reservoir capacity:9 billion cubic metres (BCM).

• Installed capacity:11,000 MW.

• Jointly developed by NHPC and NEEPCO.

• Designed to mitigate flooding from upstream water releases by China and maintain river flow during lean seasons.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points The recently discovered Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir, is associated with which script? a) Sharada script b) Grantha script c) Kharosthi script d) Brahmi script Correct Solution: d) A recent discovery of an ancient Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir was decoded by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). About Sanskrit Inscription: Location Found: Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir– Written in Brahmi script, 4th century CE. Near Peshawar, Pakistan– Written in Sharada script, 10th century CE. About the Inscription: Gilgit Inscription: Mentions “Pushpasingha,”who installed a Mahesvaralinga for his guru’s merit. Written in Brahmi script. Indicates strong religious ties, specifically to Peshawar Inscription: Fragmentary, engraved on a slab. Written in Sharada characters. Refers to Buddhist Dharini (chants)in line six. Incorrect Solution: d) A recent discovery of an ancient Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir was decoded by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). About Sanskrit Inscription: Location Found: Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir– Written in Brahmi script, 4th century CE. Near Peshawar, Pakistan– Written in Sharada script, 10th century CE. About the Inscription: Gilgit Inscription: Mentions “Pushpasingha,”who installed a Mahesvaralinga for his guru’s merit. Written in Brahmi script. Indicates strong religious ties, specifically to Peshawar Inscription: Fragmentary, engraved on a slab. Written in Sharada characters. Refers to Buddhist Dharini (chants)in line six.

#### 4. Question

The recently discovered Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir, is associated with which script?

• a) Sharada script

• b) Grantha script

• c) Kharosthi script

• d) Brahmi script

Solution: d)

A recent discovery of an ancient Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir was decoded by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

About Sanskrit Inscription:

Location Found:

• Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir– Written in Brahmi script, 4th century CE.

• Near Peshawar, Pakistan– Written in Sharada script, 10th century CE.

About the Inscription:

Gilgit Inscription:

• Mentions “Pushpasingha,”who installed a Mahesvaralinga for his guru’s merit.

• Written in Brahmi script.

• Indicates strong religious ties, specifically to

Peshawar Inscription:

• Fragmentary, engraved on a slab.

• Written in Sharada characters.

• Refers to Buddhist Dharini (chants)in line six.

Solution: d)

A recent discovery of an ancient Sanskrit inscription in Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir was decoded by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).

About Sanskrit Inscription:

Location Found:

• Gilgit, Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir– Written in Brahmi script, 4th century CE.

• Near Peshawar, Pakistan– Written in Sharada script, 10th century CE.

About the Inscription:

Gilgit Inscription:

• Mentions “Pushpasingha,”who installed a Mahesvaralinga for his guru’s merit.

• Written in Brahmi script.

• Indicates strong religious ties, specifically to

Peshawar Inscription:

• Fragmentary, engraved on a slab.

• Written in Sharada characters.

• Refers to Buddhist Dharini (chants)in line six.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the features of About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement. The agreement excludes trade in new areas such as turbojets and gold-studded diamonds. The agreement provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement: Established in:Signed in 2022. Nations:India and Australia. Features of the Agreement: Trade Preferences:Provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products. Diversification:Promotes trade in new areas such as gold-studded diamonds and turbojets. Raw Material Imports:Facilitates imports of metalliferous ores, cotton, and wood products for industrial support. MSMEs Focus:Special emphasis on empowering MSMEs and fostering employment generation. Bilateral Trade Target:Aims to reach USD 100 billion in trade by 2030. Incorrect Solution: b) About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement: Established in:Signed in 2022. Nations:India and Australia. Features of the Agreement: Trade Preferences:Provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products. Diversification:Promotes trade in new areas such as gold-studded diamonds and turbojets. Raw Material Imports:Facilitates imports of metalliferous ores, cotton, and wood products for industrial support. MSMEs Focus:Special emphasis on empowering MSMEs and fostering employment generation. Bilateral Trade Target:Aims to reach USD 100 billion in trade by 2030.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the features of About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement.

• The agreement excludes trade in new areas such as turbojets and gold-studded diamonds.

• The agreement provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement:

• Established in:Signed in 2022.

• Nations:India and Australia.

Features of the Agreement:

• Trade Preferences:Provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products.

• Diversification:Promotes trade in new areas such as gold-studded diamonds and turbojets.

• Raw Material Imports:Facilitates imports of metalliferous ores, cotton, and wood products for industrial support.

• MSMEs Focus:Special emphasis on empowering MSMEs and fostering employment generation.

• Bilateral Trade Target:Aims to reach USD 100 billion in trade by 2030.

Solution: b)

About India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement:

• Established in:Signed in 2022.

• Nations:India and Australia.

Features of the Agreement:

• Trade Preferences:Provides preferential market access for key goods, including textiles, chemicals, and agriculture products.

• Diversification:Promotes trade in new areas such as gold-studded diamonds and turbojets.

• Raw Material Imports:Facilitates imports of metalliferous ores, cotton, and wood products for industrial support.

• MSMEs Focus:Special emphasis on empowering MSMEs and fostering employment generation.

• Bilateral Trade Target:Aims to reach USD 100 billion in trade by 2030.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): It is caused exclusively by high cholesterol levels. Advanced MASLD may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. MASLD has no connection with cardiovascular diseases. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because MASLD is caused by multiple factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, not exclusively high cholesterol. Statement 2 is correct as advanced MASLD, particularly when it progresses to MASH, can lead to complications like hepatocellular carcinoma. Statement 3 is incorrect because MASLD is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases due to metabolic dysfunction. About Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): What it is:MASLD is a liver disease caused by excessive fat build-up in the liver, often linked to metabolic dysfunction. It can progress to inflammation (MASH) and severe complications like liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Causes: Obesity(BMI ≥ 30). Insulin resistance leading to poor blood sugar management. Type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and lipids). Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness. Right upper abdominal ache. Swollen belly and yellowing skin (in advanced cases). Severe cases may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Diseases Associated: MASH (inflammation with scarring). Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Type 2 diabetesin non-diabetic individuals. Treatment: Lifestyle Changes:Weight loss and regular exercise to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity. Dietary Adjustments:Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar foods. Pharmacotherapy:For managing metabolic risk factors like diabetes and cholesterol. Exercise Protocols:Tailored regimens can benefit all patients, including those with advanced liver disease like cirrhosis. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because MASLD is caused by multiple factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, not exclusively high cholesterol. Statement 2 is correct as advanced MASLD, particularly when it progresses to MASH, can lead to complications like hepatocellular carcinoma. Statement 3 is incorrect because MASLD is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases due to metabolic dysfunction. About Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): What it is:MASLD is a liver disease caused by excessive fat build-up in the liver, often linked to metabolic dysfunction. It can progress to inflammation (MASH) and severe complications like liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Causes: Obesity(BMI ≥ 30). Insulin resistance leading to poor blood sugar management. Type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and lipids). Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness. Right upper abdominal ache. Swollen belly and yellowing skin (in advanced cases). Severe cases may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Diseases Associated: MASH (inflammation with scarring). Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and colon cancer. Type 2 diabetesin non-diabetic individuals. Treatment: Lifestyle Changes:Weight loss and regular exercise to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity. Dietary Adjustments:Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar foods. Pharmacotherapy:For managing metabolic risk factors like diabetes and cholesterol. Exercise Protocols:Tailored regimens can benefit all patients, including those with advanced liver disease like cirrhosis.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD):

• It is caused exclusively by high cholesterol levels.

• Advanced MASLD may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma.

• MASLD has no connection with cardiovascular diseases.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect because MASLD is caused by multiple factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, not exclusively high cholesterol.

Statement 2 is correct as advanced MASLD, particularly when it progresses to MASH, can lead to complications like hepatocellular carcinoma.

Statement 3 is incorrect because MASLD is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases due to metabolic dysfunction.

About Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD):

• What it is:MASLD is a liver disease caused by excessive fat build-up in the liver, often linked to metabolic dysfunction. It can progress to inflammation (MASH) and severe complications like liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Causes:

• Obesity(BMI ≥ 30).

• Insulin resistance leading to poor blood sugar management.

• Type 2 diabetes.

• Dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and lipids).

Symptoms:

• Fatigue and weakness.

• Right upper abdominal ache.

• Swollen belly and yellowing skin (in advanced cases).

• Severe cases may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Diseases Associated:

• MASH (inflammation with scarring).

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

• Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and colon cancer.

• Type 2 diabetesin non-diabetic individuals.

Treatment:

• Lifestyle Changes:Weight loss and regular exercise to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity.

• Dietary Adjustments:Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar foods.

• Pharmacotherapy:For managing metabolic risk factors like diabetes and cholesterol.

• Exercise Protocols:Tailored regimens can benefit all patients, including those with advanced liver disease like cirrhosis.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect because MASLD is caused by multiple factors like obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, not exclusively high cholesterol.

Statement 2 is correct as advanced MASLD, particularly when it progresses to MASH, can lead to complications like hepatocellular carcinoma.

Statement 3 is incorrect because MASLD is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases due to metabolic dysfunction.

About Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD):

Causes:

• Obesity(BMI ≥ 30).

• Insulin resistance leading to poor blood sugar management.

• Type 2 diabetes.

• Dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and lipids).

Symptoms:

• Fatigue and weakness.

• Right upper abdominal ache.

• Swollen belly and yellowing skin (in advanced cases).

• Severe cases may lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Diseases Associated:

• MASH (inflammation with scarring).

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

• Increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer, and colon cancer.

• Type 2 diabetesin non-diabetic individuals.

Treatment:

• Lifestyle Changes:Weight loss and regular exercise to reduce liver fat and improve insulin sensitivity.

• Dietary Adjustments:Avoiding high-fat, high-sugar foods.

• Pharmacotherapy:For managing metabolic risk factors like diabetes and cholesterol.

• Exercise Protocols:Tailored regimens can benefit all patients, including those with advanced liver disease like cirrhosis.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which strait connects the Crimea Peninsula to mainland Russia? a) Bosporus Strait b) Gibraltar Strait c) Dardanelles Strait d) Kerch Strait Correct Solution: d) The Crimea Peninsula is connected to Russia by the Kerch Strait, which is spanned by the Crimean Bridge. Incorrect Solution: d) The Crimea Peninsula is connected to Russia by the Kerch Strait, which is spanned by the Crimean Bridge.

#### 7. Question

Which strait connects the Crimea Peninsula to mainland Russia?

• a) Bosporus Strait

• b) Gibraltar Strait

• c) Dardanelles Strait

• d) Kerch Strait

Solution: d)

The Crimea Peninsula is connected to Russia by the Kerch Strait, which is spanned by the Crimean Bridge.

Solution: d)

The Crimea Peninsula is connected to Russia by the Kerch Strait, which is spanned by the Crimean Bridge.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: BBIN energy grid facilitates trade connectivity between India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. India supports e-governance projects in neighboring countries to boost trade facilitation. The Kaladan Multimodal Project includes both waterways and roadways. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: The BBIN energy grid is designed for regional power trade among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, not Myanmar and Bangladesh. It fosters regional cooperation by sharing surplus power and ensuring energy security within the BBIN nations. Statement 2 is correct: India actively supports e-governance projects in neighboring countries to enhance trade facilitation. Such initiatives aim to modernize customs systems, reduce trade barriers, and streamline logistics processes, promoting regional economic integration. Statement 3 is correct: The Kaladan Multimodal Project includes both waterways and roadways, connecting India’s northeast with Myanmar. It involves a waterway route from the port of Kolkata to Sittwe in Myanmar, followed by a road link to Mizoram, enhancing connectivity and trade. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: The BBIN energy grid is designed for regional power trade among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, not Myanmar and Bangladesh. It fosters regional cooperation by sharing surplus power and ensuring energy security within the BBIN nations. Statement 2 is correct: India actively supports e-governance projects in neighboring countries to enhance trade facilitation. Such initiatives aim to modernize customs systems, reduce trade barriers, and streamline logistics processes, promoting regional economic integration. Statement 3 is correct: The Kaladan Multimodal Project includes both waterways and roadways, connecting India’s northeast with Myanmar. It involves a waterway route from the port of Kolkata to Sittwe in Myanmar, followed by a road link to Mizoram, enhancing connectivity and trade.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements:

• BBIN energy grid facilitates trade connectivity between India, Myanmar, and Bangladesh.

• India supports e-governance projects in neighboring countries to boost trade facilitation.

• The Kaladan Multimodal Project includes both waterways and roadways.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: The BBIN energy grid is designed for regional power trade among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, not Myanmar and Bangladesh. It fosters regional cooperation by sharing surplus power and ensuring energy security within the BBIN nations.

Statement 2 is correct: India actively supports e-governance projects in neighboring countries to enhance trade facilitation. Such initiatives aim to modernize customs systems, reduce trade barriers, and streamline logistics processes, promoting regional economic integration.

Statement 3 is correct: The Kaladan Multimodal Project includes both waterways and roadways, connecting India’s northeast with Myanmar. It involves a waterway route from the port of Kolkata to Sittwe in Myanmar, followed by a road link to Mizoram, enhancing connectivity and trade.

Solution: b)

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Renewable Energy Certificates (REC). Statement-I: India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism allows industries to meet renewable energy compliance without directly sourcing renewable power. Statement-II: REC mechanisms were introduced to promote renewable energy deployment and ensure market-driven compliance flexibility. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: a) India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism was introduced to promote renewable energy adoption and provide industries with a market-driven and flexible compliance tool. Statement-I is correct because RECs allow industries to meet renewable energy obligations (such as Renewable Purchase Obligations or RPOs) without directly sourcing renewable power. Instead, industries can purchase RECs, representing the environmental attributes of renewable power generation. Statement-II is also correct, as the REC mechanism was designed to promote renewable energy deployment and ensure compliance flexibility for entities unable to source green power directly. By separating the renewable energy generation from its environmental benefits, RECs provide a streamlined and market-based approach to fostering clean energy. Incorrect Solution: a) India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism was introduced to promote renewable energy adoption and provide industries with a market-driven and flexible compliance tool. Statement-I is correct because RECs allow industries to meet renewable energy obligations (such as Renewable Purchase Obligations or RPOs) without directly sourcing renewable power. Instead, industries can purchase RECs, representing the environmental attributes of renewable power generation. Statement-II is also correct, as the REC mechanism was designed to promote renewable energy deployment and ensure compliance flexibility for entities unable to source green power directly. By separating the renewable energy generation from its environmental benefits, RECs provide a streamlined and market-based approach to fostering clean energy.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Renewable Energy Certificates (REC).

Statement-I: India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism allows industries to meet renewable energy compliance without directly sourcing renewable power. Statement-II: REC mechanisms were introduced to promote renewable energy deployment and ensure market-driven compliance flexibility.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: a)

India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism was introduced to promote renewable energy adoption and provide industries with a market-driven and flexible compliance tool.

Statement-I is correct because RECs allow industries to meet renewable energy obligations (such as Renewable Purchase Obligations or RPOs) without directly sourcing renewable power. Instead, industries can purchase RECs, representing the environmental attributes of renewable power generation.

Statement-II is also correct, as the REC mechanism was designed to promote renewable energy deployment and ensure compliance flexibility for entities unable to source green power directly. By separating the renewable energy generation from its environmental benefits, RECs provide a streamlined and market-based approach to fostering clean energy.

Solution: a)

India’s Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) mechanism was introduced to promote renewable energy adoption and provide industries with a market-driven and flexible compliance tool.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding India’s association with UNESCO. India is a current member of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee. The Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for preparing nomination dossiers for the UNESCO Representative List. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the nodal office for UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage matters. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as India is currently a member of the ICH Committee (2022–2026). Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not the Ministry of External Affairs, prepares the nomination dossiers. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not ASI, manages ICH matters. India and UNESCO: UNESCO Committees Membership:India is a member of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee (2022–2026) and the World Heritage Committee (2021–2025). Previous Tenures:India served on the ICH Committee from 2006–2010 and 2014–2018. Nodal Office:The Sangeet Natak Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, manages intangible cultural heritage matters and prepares nomination dossiers for UNESCO’s Representative List. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as India is currently a member of the ICH Committee (2022–2026). Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not the Ministry of External Affairs, prepares the nomination dossiers. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not ASI, manages ICH matters. India and UNESCO: UNESCO Committees Membership:India is a member of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee (2022–2026) and the World Heritage Committee (2021–2025). Previous Tenures:India served on the ICH Committee from 2006–2010 and 2014–2018. Nodal Office:The Sangeet Natak Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, manages intangible cultural heritage matters and prepares nomination dossiers for UNESCO’s Representative List.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s association with UNESCO.

• India is a current member of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee.

• The Ministry of External Affairs is responsible for preparing nomination dossiers for the UNESCO Representative List.

• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the nodal office for UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage matters.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as India is currently a member of the ICH Committee (2022–2026).

Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not the Ministry of External Affairs, prepares the nomination dossiers.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not ASI, manages ICH matters.

India and UNESCO:

• UNESCO Committees Membership:India is a member of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee (2022–2026) and the World Heritage Committee (2021–2025).

• Previous Tenures:India served on the ICH Committee from 2006–2010 and 2014–2018.

• Nodal Office:The Sangeet Natak Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, manages intangible cultural heritage matters and prepares nomination dossiers for UNESCO’s Representative List.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as India is currently a member of the ICH Committee (2022–2026).

Statement 2 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not the Ministry of External Affairs, prepares the nomination dossiers.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the Sangeet Natak Akademi, not ASI, manages ICH matters.

India and UNESCO:

• UNESCO Committees Membership:India is a member of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) Committee (2022–2026) and the World Heritage Committee (2021–2025).

• Previous Tenures:India served on the ICH Committee from 2006–2010 and 2014–2018.

• Nodal Office:The Sangeet Natak Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, manages intangible cultural heritage matters and prepares nomination dossiers for UNESCO’s Representative List.

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