UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 29 August 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the New India Literacy Programme (NILP): Literacy under NILP is defined solely as the ability to read and write. Full literacy is defined as achieving 100% literacy in a State/UT. The redefined literacy includes critical skills like digital and financial literacy. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: c) The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) has expanded the definition of literacy to include not only the traditional skills of reading and writing but also computing with comprehension and essential critical skills such as digital literacy and financial literacy. Statement 1 is incorrect because literacy under NILP goes beyond just reading and writing. Statement 2 is also incorrect as full literacy under NILP is defined as achieving 95% literacy in a State/UT, which is considered equivalent to 100% literacy. Statement 3 is correct, as the redefined literacy does indeed include these critical skills. Therefore, the correct solution is (c) 3 only. Incorrect Solution: c) The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) has expanded the definition of literacy to include not only the traditional skills of reading and writing but also computing with comprehension and essential critical skills such as digital literacy and financial literacy. Statement 1 is incorrect because literacy under NILP goes beyond just reading and writing. Statement 2 is also incorrect as full literacy under NILP is defined as achieving 95% literacy in a State/UT, which is considered equivalent to 100% literacy. Statement 3 is correct, as the redefined literacy does indeed include these critical skills. Therefore, the correct solution is (c) 3 only.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the New India Literacy Programme (NILP):

• Literacy under NILP is defined solely as the ability to read and write.

• Full literacy is defined as achieving 100% literacy in a State/UT.

• The redefined literacy includes critical skills like digital and financial literacy.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: c)

The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) has expanded the definition of literacy to include not only the traditional skills of reading and writing but also computing with comprehension and essential critical skills such as digital literacy and financial literacy.

Statement 1 is incorrect because literacy under NILP goes beyond just reading and writing.

Statement 2 is also incorrect as full literacy under NILP is defined as achieving 95% literacy in a State/UT, which is considered equivalent to 100% literacy.

Statement 3 is correct, as the redefined literacy does indeed include these critical skills. Therefore, the correct solution is (c) 3 only.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect because literacy under NILP goes beyond just reading and writing.

Statement 2 is also incorrect as full literacy under NILP is defined as achieving 95% literacy in a State/UT, which is considered equivalent to 100% literacy.

Statement 3 is correct, as the redefined literacy does indeed include these critical skills. Therefore, the correct solution is (c) 3 only.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following statements is true regarding the vegetation in the Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary? a) The upper canopy is primarily composed of nahar trees. b) The middle canopy is dominated by hollong trees. c) The sanctuary's vegetation includes a variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs in the lower canopy. d) The sanctuary is characterized by sparse vegetation, with a predominance of grasses. Correct Solution: c) The Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary has a complex and diverse vegetation structure. The upper canopy is dominated by hollong trees, the middle canopy by nahar trees, and the lower canopy by various evergreen shrubs and herbs. This multi-layered forest structure provides an ideal habitat for the gibbons and other wildlife in the sanctuary. Statements a and b incorrectly swap the vegetation composition of the canopy layers, and statement d inaccurately describes the vegetation as sparse. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) The sanctuary’s vegetation includes a variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs in the lower canopy. Incorrect Solution: c) The Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary has a complex and diverse vegetation structure. The upper canopy is dominated by hollong trees, the middle canopy by nahar trees, and the lower canopy by various evergreen shrubs and herbs. This multi-layered forest structure provides an ideal habitat for the gibbons and other wildlife in the sanctuary. Statements a and b incorrectly swap the vegetation composition of the canopy layers, and statement d inaccurately describes the vegetation as sparse. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) The sanctuary’s vegetation includes a variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs in the lower canopy.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the vegetation in the Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary?

• a) The upper canopy is primarily composed of nahar trees.

• b) The middle canopy is dominated by hollong trees.

• c) The sanctuary's vegetation includes a variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs in the lower canopy.

• d) The sanctuary is characterized by sparse vegetation, with a predominance of grasses.

Solution: c)

The Hollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary has a complex and diverse vegetation structure. The upper canopy is dominated by hollong trees, the middle canopy by nahar trees, and the lower canopy by various evergreen shrubs and herbs. This multi-layered forest structure provides an ideal habitat for the gibbons and other wildlife in the sanctuary.

Statements a and b incorrectly swap the vegetation composition of the canopy layers, and statement d inaccurately describes the vegetation as sparse. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) The sanctuary’s vegetation includes a variety of evergreen shrubs and herbs in the lower canopy.

Solution: c)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following factors primarily contribute to mass wasting in Tibet’s Sedongpu Gully, affecting the Brahmaputra River? a) Overgrazing by livestock b) Unregulated mining activities c) Large-scale deforestation d) Warming and seismic activity Correct Solution: d) Mass wasting in Tibet’s Sedongpu Gully, which lies upstream of the Brahmaputra River, has become a significant concern due to frequent landslides triggered primarily by warming and seismic activity. Since 2017, these natural phenomena have contributed to landslides that add millions of cubic meters of debris to the Yarlung Tsangpo River. This debris poses a risk of river choking, leading to potential flash floods downstream in regions such as Assam in India and Bangladesh. While deforestation, overgrazing, and mining can contribute to mass wasting in other regions, the specific case of Sedongpu Gully is predominantly influenced by warming temperatures and seismic activities in the tectonically active Himalayan region. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer. Incorrect Solution: d) Mass wasting in Tibet’s Sedongpu Gully, which lies upstream of the Brahmaputra River, has become a significant concern due to frequent landslides triggered primarily by warming and seismic activity. Since 2017, these natural phenomena have contributed to landslides that add millions of cubic meters of debris to the Yarlung Tsangpo River. This debris poses a risk of river choking, leading to potential flash floods downstream in regions such as Assam in India and Bangladesh. While deforestation, overgrazing, and mining can contribute to mass wasting in other regions, the specific case of Sedongpu Gully is predominantly influenced by warming temperatures and seismic activities in the tectonically active Himalayan region. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following factors primarily contribute to mass wasting in Tibet’s Sedongpu Gully, affecting the Brahmaputra River?

• a) Overgrazing by livestock

• b) Unregulated mining activities

• c) Large-scale deforestation

• d) Warming and seismic activity

Solution: d)

• Mass wasting in Tibet’s Sedongpu Gully, which lies upstream of the Brahmaputra River, has become a significant concern due to frequent landslides triggered primarily by warming and seismic activity.

• Since 2017, these natural phenomena have contributed to landslides that add millions of cubic meters of debris to the Yarlung Tsangpo River. This debris poses a risk of river choking, leading to potential flash floods downstream in regions such as Assam in India and Bangladesh.

While deforestation, overgrazing, and mining can contribute to mass wasting in other regions, the specific case of Sedongpu Gully is predominantly influenced by warming temperatures and seismic activities in the tectonically active Himalayan region. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of state governments in the creation of new districts in India? a) State governments can create new districts only with the approval of the Parliament. b) State governments have the authority to create, alter, or abolish districts through executive orders or laws passed in the State Assembly. c) The creation of new districts requires direct involvement of the President of India. d) New districts can only be created by amending the Constitution. Correct Solution: b) In India, the power to create, alter, or abolish districts rests solely with the state governments. This can be done either through executive orders or by passing laws in the State Assembly, depending on the specific legal and administrative requirements of the state. The process does not require approval from the Parliament, nor does it involve the President of India. Constitutional amendments are not necessary for the creation of new districts. Thus, option (b) is correct, as it accurately reflects the procedure for creating new districts at the state level. Incorrect Solution: b) In India, the power to create, alter, or abolish districts rests solely with the state governments. This can be done either through executive orders or by passing laws in the State Assembly, depending on the specific legal and administrative requirements of the state. The process does not require approval from the Parliament, nor does it involve the President of India. Constitutional amendments are not necessary for the creation of new districts. Thus, option (b) is correct, as it accurately reflects the procedure for creating new districts at the state level.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of state governments in the creation of new districts in India?

• a) State governments can create new districts only with the approval of the Parliament.

• b) State governments have the authority to create, alter, or abolish districts through executive orders or laws passed in the State Assembly.

• c) The creation of new districts requires direct involvement of the President of India.

• d) New districts can only be created by amending the Constitution.

Solution: b)

In India, the power to create, alter, or abolish districts rests solely with the state governments. This can be done either through executive orders or by passing laws in the State Assembly, depending on the specific legal and administrative requirements of the state.

The process does not require approval from the Parliament, nor does it involve the President of India. Constitutional amendments are not necessary for the creation of new districts. Thus, option (b) is correct, as it accurately reflects the procedure for creating new districts at the state level.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the New India Literacy Programme (NILP): NILP is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at educating individuals aged 15 and above. The program specifically targets females and backward states to reduce literacy gaps. NILP provides vocational training for youth in urban areas as its main focus. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) is designed to target non-literate individuals aged 15 and above, with a special focus on females and backward states. This centrally sponsored scheme, also known as ULLAS, aims to bridge the literacy gap, particularly in areas that have been historically underserved. Statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the age group targeted by NILP. Statement 2 is also correct, as the program places a significant emphasis on educating females and individuals in backward states. Statement 3, however, is incorrect because vocational training for urban youth is not the main focus of NILP. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only. Incorrect Solution: a) The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) is designed to target non-literate individuals aged 15 and above, with a special focus on females and backward states. This centrally sponsored scheme, also known as ULLAS, aims to bridge the literacy gap, particularly in areas that have been historically underserved. Statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the age group targeted by NILP. Statement 2 is also correct, as the program places a significant emphasis on educating females and individuals in backward states. Statement 3, however, is incorrect because vocational training for urban youth is not the main focus of NILP. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the New India Literacy Programme (NILP):

• NILP is a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at educating individuals aged 15 and above.

• The program specifically targets females and backward states to reduce literacy gaps.

• NILP provides vocational training for youth in urban areas as its main focus.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

• The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) is designed to target non-literate individuals aged 15 and above, with a special focus on females and backward states.

• This centrally sponsored scheme, also known as ULLAS, aims to bridge the literacy gap, particularly in areas that have been historically underserved.

• Statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the age group targeted by NILP.

• Statement 2 is also correct, as the program places a significant emphasis on educating females and individuals in backward states.

• Statement 3, however, is incorrect because vocational training for urban youth is not the main focus of NILP. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.

Solution: a)

• The New India Literacy Programme (NILP) is designed to target non-literate individuals aged 15 and above, with a special focus on females and backward states.

• This centrally sponsored scheme, also known as ULLAS, aims to bridge the literacy gap, particularly in areas that have been historically underserved.

• Statement 1 is correct as it accurately describes the age group targeted by NILP.

• Statement 2 is also correct, as the program places a significant emphasis on educating females and individuals in backward states.

• Statement 3, however, is incorrect because vocational training for urban youth is not the main focus of NILP. Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which of the following statements is true regarding the types of mass wasting? a) Landslides are characterized by the sudden and rapid movement of large amounts of soil and rock. b) Rockfalls occur when large volumes of rock move gradually down a slope. c) Soil creep is a rapid movement of soil downhill during an earthquake. d) Avalanches involve the slow movement of soil and debris due to water saturation. Correct Solution: a) Landslides are a type of mass wasting characterized by the rapid and often catastrophic movement of large amounts of soil, rock, and debris down a slope. This movement can be triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or human activities like construction and deforestation. Unlike soil creep, which is a slow and gradual process, landslides occur suddenly and can cause significant damage to property and loss of life. Rockfalls involve the free-falling movement of individual rocks or boulders rather than gradual movement. Avalanches, which are rapid snow and ice movements, should not be confused with slow movements caused by water saturation. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. Incorrect Solution: a) Landslides are a type of mass wasting characterized by the rapid and often catastrophic movement of large amounts of soil, rock, and debris down a slope. This movement can be triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or human activities like construction and deforestation. Unlike soil creep, which is a slow and gradual process, landslides occur suddenly and can cause significant damage to property and loss of life. Rockfalls involve the free-falling movement of individual rocks or boulders rather than gradual movement. Avalanches, which are rapid snow and ice movements, should not be confused with slow movements caused by water saturation. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

#### 6. Question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the types of mass wasting?

• a) Landslides are characterized by the sudden and rapid movement of large amounts of soil and rock.

• b) Rockfalls occur when large volumes of rock move gradually down a slope.

• c) Soil creep is a rapid movement of soil downhill during an earthquake.

• d) Avalanches involve the slow movement of soil and debris due to water saturation.

Solution: a)

• Landslides are a type of mass wasting characterized by the rapid and often catastrophic movement of large amounts of soil, rock, and debris down a slope. This movement can be triggered by factors such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or human activities like construction and deforestation.

• Unlike soil creep, which is a slow and gradual process, landslides occur suddenly and can cause significant damage to property and loss of life.

• Rockfalls involve the free-falling movement of individual rocks or boulders rather than gradual movement.

• Avalanches, which are rapid snow and ice movements, should not be confused with slow movements caused by water saturation. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

Solution: a)

• Unlike soil creep, which is a slow and gradual process, landslides occur suddenly and can cause significant damage to property and loss of life.

• Rockfalls involve the free-falling movement of individual rocks or boulders rather than gradual movement.

• Avalanches, which are rapid snow and ice movements, should not be confused with slow movements caused by water saturation. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately describes Leptospirosis? a) Leptospirosis is a viral disease transmitted primarily through airborne droplets. b) Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease transmitted to humans through contaminated water, especially during the monsoons. c) Leptospirosis spreads easily through human-to-human contact. d) Leptospirosis is a fungal infection commonly found in arid regions. Correct Solution: b) Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by leptospire bacteria. It is typically transmitted to humans from animals, particularly rodents, through cuts in the skin when in contact with contaminated water or soil, especially in tropical areas with heavy rainfall. The disease is more common during the monsoon season due to increased water contamination and higher rat populations. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is not viral or fungal. Thus, option (b) is correct as it accurately describes the transmission and nature of leptospirosis. Incorrect Solution: b) Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by leptospire bacteria. It is typically transmitted to humans from animals, particularly rodents, through cuts in the skin when in contact with contaminated water or soil, especially in tropical areas with heavy rainfall. The disease is more common during the monsoon season due to increased water contamination and higher rat populations. Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is not viral or fungal. Thus, option (b) is correct as it accurately describes the transmission and nature of leptospirosis.

#### 7. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes Leptospirosis?

• a) Leptospirosis is a viral disease transmitted primarily through airborne droplets.

• b) Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease transmitted to humans through contaminated water, especially during the monsoons.

• c) Leptospirosis spreads easily through human-to-human contact.

• d) Leptospirosis is a fungal infection commonly found in arid regions.

Solution: b)

• Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by leptospire bacteria. It is typically transmitted to humans from animals, particularly rodents, through cuts in the skin when in contact with contaminated water or soil, especially in tropical areas with heavy rainfall.

• The disease is more common during the monsoon season due to increased water contamination and higher rat populations.

• Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is not viral or fungal. Thus, option (b) is correct as it accurately describes the transmission and nature of leptospirosis.

Solution: b)

• The disease is more common during the monsoon season due to increased water contamination and higher rat populations.

• Human-to-human transmission is rare, and the disease is not viral or fungal. Thus, option (b) is correct as it accurately describes the transmission and nature of leptospirosis.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following statements is true regarding the procedure for renaming districts in India? a) Renaming districts requires a constitutional amendment. b) The renaming process requires clearance from the Central Government after a proposal is submitted by the state. c) State governments can rename districts without any involvement from the Central Government. d) The Supreme Court of India must approve the renaming of districts. Correct Solution: b) When it comes to renaming districts in India, the state government must submit a proposal to the Central Government, which then seeks clearance from various departments before the renaming can be approved. This process ensures that all relevant authorities are in agreement, particularly when the renaming affects areas such as railway stations, postal services, and administrative records. Renaming districts does not require a constitutional amendment or approval from the Supreme Court. Hence, the correct answer is (b) The renaming process requires clearance from the Central Government after a proposal is submitted by the state. Incorrect Solution: b) When it comes to renaming districts in India, the state government must submit a proposal to the Central Government, which then seeks clearance from various departments before the renaming can be approved. This process ensures that all relevant authorities are in agreement, particularly when the renaming affects areas such as railway stations, postal services, and administrative records. Renaming districts does not require a constitutional amendment or approval from the Supreme Court. Hence, the correct answer is (b) The renaming process requires clearance from the Central Government after a proposal is submitted by the state.

#### 8. Question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the procedure for renaming districts in India?

• a) Renaming districts requires a constitutional amendment.

• b) The renaming process requires clearance from the Central Government after a proposal is submitted by the state.

• c) State governments can rename districts without any involvement from the Central Government.

• d) The Supreme Court of India must approve the renaming of districts.

Solution: b)

• When it comes to renaming districts in India, the state government must submit a proposal to the Central Government, which then seeks clearance from various departments before the renaming can be approved. This process ensures that all relevant authorities are in agreement, particularly when the renaming affects areas such as railway stations, postal services, and administrative records.

• Renaming districts does not require a constitutional amendment or approval from the Supreme Court. Hence, the correct answer is (b) The renaming process requires clearance from the Central Government after a proposal is submitted by the state.

Solution: b)

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following preventive measures is recommended to reduce the risk of leptospirosis? a) Filling holes in walls to prevent rats from entering homes b) Wearing masks to prevent inhalation of bacteria c) Frequent use of hand sanitizers d) Consuming probiotics regularly Correct Solution: a) The image suggests several preventive measures to reduce the risk of leptospirosis, one of which is filling holes in walls to prevent rats from entering homes. This is crucial because rats are primary carriers of the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. Measures like using hand sanitizers, wearing masks, or consuming probiotics, while beneficial for general health, are not specific preventive measures for leptospirosis. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer. Incorrect Solution: a) The image suggests several preventive measures to reduce the risk of leptospirosis, one of which is filling holes in walls to prevent rats from entering homes. This is crucial because rats are primary carriers of the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. Measures like using hand sanitizers, wearing masks, or consuming probiotics, while beneficial for general health, are not specific preventive measures for leptospirosis. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following preventive measures is recommended to reduce the risk of leptospirosis?

• a) Filling holes in walls to prevent rats from entering homes

• b) Wearing masks to prevent inhalation of bacteria

• c) Frequent use of hand sanitizers

• d) Consuming probiotics regularly

Solution: a)

The image suggests several preventive measures to reduce the risk of leptospirosis, one of which is filling holes in walls to prevent rats from entering homes. This is crucial because rats are primary carriers of the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. Measures like using hand sanitizers, wearing masks, or consuming probiotics, while beneficial for general health, are not specific preventive measures for leptospirosis. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

Solution: a)

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following statements is true regarding the conservation status of hoolock gibbons? a) Both eastern and western hoolock gibbons are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. b) Neither of the hoolock gibbon species in India is protected under Indian law. c) Both species of hoolock gibbons in India are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. d) The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, and the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Correct Solution: d) The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, while the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. These classifications reflect the serious conservation challenges that both species face, including habitat loss and fragmentation. Additionally, both species are protected under Schedule 1 of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act 1972, which grants them the highest level of legal protection in India. The incorrect options either misstate the IUCN classifications or incorrectly claim that the species are not protected under Indian law. Thus, the correct answer is (b) Incorrect Solution: d) The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, while the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. These classifications reflect the serious conservation challenges that both species face, including habitat loss and fragmentation. Additionally, both species are protected under Schedule 1 of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act 1972, which grants them the highest level of legal protection in India. The incorrect options either misstate the IUCN classifications or incorrectly claim that the species are not protected under Indian law. Thus, the correct answer is (b)

#### 10. Question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the conservation status of hoolock gibbons?

• a) Both eastern and western hoolock gibbons are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.

• b) Neither of the hoolock gibbon species in India is protected under Indian law.

• c) Both species of hoolock gibbons in India are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

• d) The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, and the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN.

Solution: d)

• The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, while the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

• These classifications reflect the serious conservation challenges that both species face, including habitat loss and fragmentation.

• Additionally, both species are protected under Schedule 1 of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act 1972, which grants them the highest level of legal protection in India.

• The incorrect options either misstate the IUCN classifications or incorrectly claim that the species are not protected under Indian law.

• Thus, the correct answer is (b)

Solution: d)

• The western hoolock gibbon is classified as Endangered, while the eastern hoolock gibbon is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

• These classifications reflect the serious conservation challenges that both species face, including habitat loss and fragmentation.

• Additionally, both species are protected under Schedule 1 of the Indian (Wildlife) Protection Act 1972, which grants them the highest level of legal protection in India.

• The incorrect options either misstate the IUCN classifications or incorrectly claim that the species are not protected under Indian law.

• Thus, the correct answer is (b)

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