UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 27 November 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): It aims to promote chemical-free farming practices. The mission involves establishing Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs) across India. Real-time geo-tagged monitoring of clusters is enabled through an online portal. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: d) While NMNF focuses on natural farming and includes real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal, it aims to establish 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs). This distinction highlights the program’s emphasis on facilitating inputs for natural farming but within a realistic framework of implementation. About National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): Ministry:Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare. Central Sponsored Scheme. Aim:To promote natural, chemical-free farming practices for sustainability, climate resilience, soil health rejuvenation, and nutritious food production. Key Features: Implementation in 15,000 clustersacross Gram Panchayats, covering 5 lakh Ha and reaching 1 crore farmers. Establishment of 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs)and 2000 NF Model Demonstration Farms at KVKs, Agricultural Universities, and farmers’ fields. Training of 75 lakh farmersand deployment of 30,000 Krishi Sakhis/CRPs for mobilisation and handholding support. Certification system and common branding for marketing NF produce. Real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal. Incorrect Solution: d) While NMNF focuses on natural farming and includes real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal, it aims to establish 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs). This distinction highlights the program’s emphasis on facilitating inputs for natural farming but within a realistic framework of implementation. About National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): Ministry:Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare. Central Sponsored Scheme. Aim:To promote natural, chemical-free farming practices for sustainability, climate resilience, soil health rejuvenation, and nutritious food production. Key Features: Implementation in 15,000 clustersacross Gram Panchayats, covering 5 lakh Ha and reaching 1 crore farmers. Establishment of 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs)and 2000 NF Model Demonstration Farms at KVKs, Agricultural Universities, and farmers’ fields. Training of 75 lakh farmersand deployment of 30,000 Krishi Sakhis/CRPs for mobilisation and handholding support. Certification system and common branding for marketing NF produce. Real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF):

• It aims to promote chemical-free farming practices.

• The mission involves establishing Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs) across India.

• Real-time geo-tagged monitoring of clusters is enabled through an online portal.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: d)

While NMNF focuses on natural farming and includes real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal, it aims to establish 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs). This distinction highlights the program’s emphasis on facilitating inputs for natural farming but within a realistic framework of implementation.

About National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF):

• Ministry:Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare.

• Central Sponsored Scheme.

• Aim:To promote natural, chemical-free farming practices for sustainability, climate resilience, soil health rejuvenation, and nutritious food production.

Key Features:

• Implementation in 15,000 clustersacross Gram Panchayats, covering 5 lakh Ha and reaching 1 crore farmers.

• Establishment of 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs)and 2000 NF Model Demonstration Farms at KVKs, Agricultural Universities, and farmers’ fields.

• Training of 75 lakh farmersand deployment of 30,000 Krishi Sakhis/CRPs for mobilisation and handholding support.

• Certification system and common branding for marketing NF produce.

• Real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal.

Solution: d)

About National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF):

• Ministry:Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare.

• Central Sponsored Scheme.

• Aim:To promote natural, chemical-free farming practices for sustainability, climate resilience, soil health rejuvenation, and nutritious food production.

Key Features:

• Implementation in 15,000 clustersacross Gram Panchayats, covering 5 lakh Ha and reaching 1 crore farmers.

• Establishment of 10,000 Bio-input Resource Centres (BRCs)and 2000 NF Model Demonstration Farms at KVKs, Agricultural Universities, and farmers’ fields.

• Training of 75 lakh farmersand deployment of 30,000 Krishi Sakhis/CRPs for mobilisation and handholding support.

• Certification system and common branding for marketing NF produce.

• Real-time geo-tagged monitoring via an online portal.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP): It was launched at COP28 to facilitate decarbonization in developed economies. GMP involves the participation of international financial institutions like the World Bank. It focuses on high-emission sectors like steel and cement production. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 2 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because while GMP was conceptualized at COP28, it was officially launched at COP29, and its focus is on developing and emerging economies, not developed ones. Statement 2 is correct as international financial institutions like the World Bank and Climate Investment Funds are delivery partners of GMP. Statement 3 is correct as GMP focuses on decarbonizing high-emission industrial sectors like steel and cement. At COP29, the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP) was launched by UNIDO and the Climate Club. It is a pioneering initiative to decarbonize heavy-emitting industries in developing and emerging economies by connecting countries with global technical and financial resources. About Global Matchmaking Platform: Origin:Conceptualized at COP28 (December 2023) under the Climate Club framework to drive industrial decarbonization globally. Launch:Officially launched at COP29 with key donor and partner organizations. Agencies Involved:UNIDO, Climate Club, German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Climate Action, World Bank, GIZ, and other international partners. Aim:To provide financial and technical support to decarbonize high-emission industrial sectors in developing and emerging economies, advancing climate goals. Key Features: Tailored Support:Country-specific guidance for industrial decarbonization. Global Partnerships:Involves financiers, technology providers, and experts. Delivery Partners:Includes World Bank, Climate Investment Funds, and GIZ. Pilot Countries:Includes Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, and others. Technology Transfer:Facilitates adoption of low-carbon industrial technologies. Funding:Supported initially by German climate cooperation funds. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because while GMP was conceptualized at COP28, it was officially launched at COP29, and its focus is on developing and emerging economies, not developed ones. Statement 2 is correct as international financial institutions like the World Bank and Climate Investment Funds are delivery partners of GMP. Statement 3 is correct as GMP focuses on decarbonizing high-emission industrial sectors like steel and cement. At COP29, the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP) was launched by UNIDO and the Climate Club. It is a pioneering initiative to decarbonize heavy-emitting industries in developing and emerging economies by connecting countries with global technical and financial resources. About Global Matchmaking Platform: Origin:Conceptualized at COP28 (December 2023) under the Climate Club framework to drive industrial decarbonization globally. Launch:Officially launched at COP29 with key donor and partner organizations. Agencies Involved:UNIDO, Climate Club, German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Climate Action, World Bank, GIZ, and other international partners. Aim:To provide financial and technical support to decarbonize high-emission industrial sectors in developing and emerging economies, advancing climate goals. Key Features: Tailored Support:Country-specific guidance for industrial decarbonization. Global Partnerships:Involves financiers, technology providers, and experts. Delivery Partners:Includes World Bank, Climate Investment Funds, and GIZ. Pilot Countries:Includes Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, and others. Technology Transfer:Facilitates adoption of low-carbon industrial technologies. Funding:Supported initially by German climate cooperation funds.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP):

• It was launched at COP28 to facilitate decarbonization in developed economies.

• GMP involves the participation of international financial institutions like the World Bank.

• It focuses on high-emission sectors like steel and cement production.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 2 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 2 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is incorrect because while GMP was conceptualized at COP28, it was officially launched at COP29, and its focus is on developing and emerging economies, not developed ones.

• Statement 2 is correct as international financial institutions like the World Bank and Climate Investment Funds are delivery partners of GMP.

• Statement 3 is correct as GMP focuses on decarbonizing high-emission industrial sectors like steel and cement.

At COP29, the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP) was launched by UNIDO and the Climate Club.

It is a pioneering initiative to decarbonize heavy-emitting industries in developing and emerging economies by connecting countries with global technical and financial resources.

About Global Matchmaking Platform:

• Origin:Conceptualized at COP28 (December 2023) under the Climate Club framework to drive industrial decarbonization globally.

• Launch:Officially launched at COP29 with key donor and partner organizations.

• Agencies Involved:UNIDO, Climate Club, German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Climate Action, World Bank, GIZ, and other international partners.

• Aim:To provide financial and technical support to decarbonize high-emission industrial sectors in developing and emerging economies, advancing climate goals.

Key Features:

• Tailored Support:Country-specific guidance for industrial decarbonization.

• Global Partnerships:Involves financiers, technology providers, and experts.

• Delivery Partners:Includes World Bank, Climate Investment Funds, and GIZ.

• Pilot Countries:Includes Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, and others.

• Technology Transfer:Facilitates adoption of low-carbon industrial technologies.

• Funding:Supported initially by German climate cooperation funds.

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is incorrect because while GMP was conceptualized at COP28, it was officially launched at COP29, and its focus is on developing and emerging economies, not developed ones.

• Statement 2 is correct as international financial institutions like the World Bank and Climate Investment Funds are delivery partners of GMP.

• Statement 3 is correct as GMP focuses on decarbonizing high-emission industrial sectors like steel and cement.

At COP29, the Global Matchmaking Platform for Industrial Decarbonization (GMP) was launched by UNIDO and the Climate Club.

It is a pioneering initiative to decarbonize heavy-emitting industries in developing and emerging economies by connecting countries with global technical and financial resources.

About Global Matchmaking Platform:

• Origin:Conceptualized at COP28 (December 2023) under the Climate Club framework to drive industrial decarbonization globally.

• Launch:Officially launched at COP29 with key donor and partner organizations.

• Agencies Involved:UNIDO, Climate Club, German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Climate Action, World Bank, GIZ, and other international partners.

• Aim:To provide financial and technical support to decarbonize high-emission industrial sectors in developing and emerging economies, advancing climate goals.

Key Features:

• Tailored Support:Country-specific guidance for industrial decarbonization.

• Global Partnerships:Involves financiers, technology providers, and experts.

• Delivery Partners:Includes World Bank, Climate Investment Funds, and GIZ.

• Pilot Countries:Includes Argentina, Chile, Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, and others.

• Technology Transfer:Facilitates adoption of low-carbon industrial technologies.

• Funding:Supported initially by German climate cooperation funds.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about gamma rays: Gamma rays can penetrate Earth’s atmosphere and reach the surface without being blocked. Gamma rays are visible to the naked eye as faint blue light. Gamma rays are produced only during nuclear reactions within stars. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because gamma rays are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere; they can only be detected indirectly using instruments like Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Statement 2 is incorrect because gamma rays themselves are not visible; Cherenkov radiation, caused by gamma rays interacting with atmospheric molecules, produces faint blue light, but gamma rays themselves remain invisible. Statement 3 is incorrect because gamma rays are produced by various phenomena, including pulsars, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts, not just during nuclear reactions within stars. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because gamma rays are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere; they can only be detected indirectly using instruments like Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). Statement 2 is incorrect because gamma rays themselves are not visible; Cherenkov radiation, caused by gamma rays interacting with atmospheric molecules, produces faint blue light, but gamma rays themselves remain invisible. Statement 3 is incorrect because gamma rays are produced by various phenomena, including pulsars, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts, not just during nuclear reactions within stars.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about gamma rays:

• Gamma rays can penetrate Earth’s atmosphere and reach the surface without being blocked.

• Gamma rays are visible to the naked eye as faint blue light.

• Gamma rays are produced only during nuclear reactions within stars.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because gamma rays are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere; they can only be detected indirectly using instruments like Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs).

Statement 2 is incorrect because gamma rays themselves are not visible; Cherenkov radiation, caused by gamma rays interacting with atmospheric molecules, produces faint blue light, but gamma rays themselves remain invisible.

Statement 3 is incorrect because gamma rays are produced by various phenomena, including pulsars, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts, not just during nuclear reactions within stars.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because gamma rays are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere; they can only be detected indirectly using instruments like Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs).

Statement 3 is incorrect because gamma rays are produced by various phenomena, including pulsars, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts, not just during nuclear reactions within stars.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS): It is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology. It aims to provide international research journal access to all private universities in India. It benefits students and researchers, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. It is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). Which of the above statements are correct? a) 2, 3 and 4 only b) 3, and 4 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Correct Solution: b) About One Nation One Subscription (ONOS): Ministry:Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education. Central Sector Scheme:₹6,000 crore allocated for 2025–2027. Aim:To provide access to top-quality international research journals to government higher education institutions (HEIs) and central government R&D institutions. Key Features: Coverage of 30 major international publishersand nearly 13,000 e-journals. Access for 6,300 government HEIs and R&D institutionsbenefiting 8 crore students, faculty, and researchers. Entirely digital processcoordinated by INFLIBNET under UGC. Promotes interdisciplinary and core research, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. Aligned with NEP 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF). Incorrect Solution: b) About One Nation One Subscription (ONOS): Ministry:Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education. Central Sector Scheme:₹6,000 crore allocated for 2025–2027. Aim:To provide access to top-quality international research journals to government higher education institutions (HEIs) and central government R&D institutions. Key Features: Coverage of 30 major international publishersand nearly 13,000 e-journals. Access for 6,300 government HEIs and R&D institutionsbenefiting 8 crore students, faculty, and researchers. Entirely digital processcoordinated by INFLIBNET under UGC. Promotes interdisciplinary and core research, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities. Aligned with NEP 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF).

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the One Nation One Subscription (ONOS):

• It is a centrally sponsored scheme implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

• It aims to provide international research journal access to all private universities in India.

• It benefits students and researchers, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

• It is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF).

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 2, 3 and 4 only

• b) 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 3, and 4 only

• d) 1, 2, 3, and 4

Solution: b)

About One Nation One Subscription (ONOS):

• Ministry:Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education.

• Central Sector Scheme:₹6,000 crore allocated for 2025–2027.

• Aim:To provide access to top-quality international research journals to government higher education institutions (HEIs) and central government R&D institutions.

Key Features:

• Coverage of 30 major international publishersand nearly 13,000 e-journals.

• Access for 6,300 government HEIs and R&D institutionsbenefiting 8 crore students, faculty, and researchers.

• Entirely digital processcoordinated by INFLIBNET under UGC.

• Promotes interdisciplinary and core research, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

Aligned with NEP 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF).

Solution: b)

About One Nation One Subscription (ONOS):

• Ministry:Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education.

• Central Sector Scheme:₹6,000 crore allocated for 2025–2027.

• Aim:To provide access to top-quality international research journals to government higher education institutions (HEIs) and central government R&D institutions.

Key Features:

• Coverage of 30 major international publishersand nearly 13,000 e-journals.

• Access for 6,300 government HEIs and R&D institutionsbenefiting 8 crore students, faculty, and researchers.

• Entirely digital processcoordinated by INFLIBNET under UGC.

• Promotes interdisciplinary and core research, especially in tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

Aligned with NEP 2020 and supported by Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF).

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Places of Worship Act, 1991: The Act maintains the religious character of places of worship as they existed on January 26, 1950. It prohibits conversion of religious sites to different denominations or segments. The Ayodhya dispute is specifically excluded from the Act’s provisions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because the Act maintains the status quo as of August 15, 1947, not January 26, 1950. Statement 2 is correct as Section 3 prohibits conversion of religious sites to other denominations. Statement 3 is correct because the Ayodhya dispute was specifically excluded since it was sub-judice. About Places of Worship Act, 1991: Objective:Prohibits the conversion of a place of worship and ensures its religious character as on August 15, 1947. Key Provisions: Section 3:Bars conversion of a place of worship, either wholly or partly, to a different denomination or segment. Maintains the religious status quoof all places of worship as of Independence Day, 1947. Prohibits legal suits or claims to alter the status of any place of worship. Exemptions: Ayodhya dispute:Excluded as the case was sub-judice at the time. Ancient monuments:Covered under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. Disputes resolved by mutual consentor settled before the law’s enforcement. Significance: Aims to maintain communal harmony by preventing religious conflicts over historical claims. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect because the Act maintains the status quo as of August 15, 1947, not January 26, 1950. Statement 2 is correct as Section 3 prohibits conversion of religious sites to other denominations. Statement 3 is correct because the Ayodhya dispute was specifically excluded since it was sub-judice. About Places of Worship Act, 1991: Objective:Prohibits the conversion of a place of worship and ensures its religious character as on August 15, 1947. Key Provisions: Section 3:Bars conversion of a place of worship, either wholly or partly, to a different denomination or segment. Maintains the religious status quoof all places of worship as of Independence Day, 1947. Prohibits legal suits or claims to alter the status of any place of worship. Exemptions: Ayodhya dispute:Excluded as the case was sub-judice at the time. Ancient monuments:Covered under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. Disputes resolved by mutual consentor settled before the law’s enforcement. Significance: Aims to maintain communal harmony by preventing religious conflicts over historical claims.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the Places of Worship Act, 1991:

• The Act maintains the religious character of places of worship as they existed on January 26, 1950.

• It prohibits conversion of religious sites to different denominations or segments.

• The Ayodhya dispute is specifically excluded from the Act’s provisions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the Act maintains the status quo as of August 15, 1947, not January 26, 1950.

• Statement 2 is correct as Section 3 prohibits conversion of religious sites to other denominations.

• Statement 3 is correct because the Ayodhya dispute was specifically excluded since it was sub-judice.

About Places of Worship Act, 1991:

• Objective:Prohibits the conversion of a place of worship and ensures its religious character as on August 15, 1947.

Key Provisions:

• Section 3:Bars conversion of a place of worship, either wholly or partly, to a different denomination or segment.

• Maintains the religious status quoof all places of worship as of Independence Day, 1947.

• Prohibits legal suits or claims to alter the status of any place of worship.

Exemptions:

• Ayodhya dispute:Excluded as the case was sub-judice at the time.

• Ancient monuments:Covered under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.

• Disputes resolved by mutual consentor settled before the law’s enforcement.

Significance: Aims to maintain communal harmony by preventing religious conflicts over historical claims.

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the Act maintains the status quo as of August 15, 1947, not January 26, 1950.

• Statement 2 is correct as Section 3 prohibits conversion of religious sites to other denominations.

• Statement 3 is correct because the Ayodhya dispute was specifically excluded since it was sub-judice.

About Places of Worship Act, 1991:

• Objective:Prohibits the conversion of a place of worship and ensures its religious character as on August 15, 1947.

Key Provisions:

• Section 3:Bars conversion of a place of worship, either wholly or partly, to a different denomination or segment.

• Maintains the religious status quoof all places of worship as of Independence Day, 1947.

• Prohibits legal suits or claims to alter the status of any place of worship.

Exemptions:

• Ayodhya dispute:Excluded as the case was sub-judice at the time.

• Ancient monuments:Covered under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958.

• Disputes resolved by mutual consentor settled before the law’s enforcement.

Significance: Aims to maintain communal harmony by preventing religious conflicts over historical claims.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) project: It is the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world, located in Hanle, Ladakh. The MACE telescope is designed to detect low-energy gamma rays. The MACE project is entirely dependent on international collaborations for technical support. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. About the MACE project: Location: Hanle, Ladakh, at an altitude of ~4,300 m, making it the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world. Development: Indigenously built by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) with support from ECIL and other Indian partners. Objective: To study high-energy gamma rays and contribute to the understanding of the universe’s most energetic phenomena, such as supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. Technology: Uses Cherenkov imaging technology to detect cosmic rays and observe high-energy astrophysical events. Significance: Enhances India’s cosmic-ray research capabilities and strengthens its position in multi-messenger astronomy on a global scale. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. About the MACE project: Location: Hanle, Ladakh, at an altitude of ~4,300 m, making it the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world. Development: Indigenously built by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) with support from ECIL and other Indian partners. Objective: To study high-energy gamma rays and contribute to the understanding of the universe’s most energetic phenomena, such as supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. Technology: Uses Cherenkov imaging technology to detect cosmic rays and observe high-energy astrophysical events. Significance: Enhances India’s cosmic-ray research capabilities and strengthens its position in multi-messenger astronomy on a global scale.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about the MACE (Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment) project:

• It is the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world, located in Hanle, Ladakh.

• The MACE telescope is designed to detect low-energy gamma rays.

• The MACE project is entirely dependent on international collaborations for technical support.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

About the MACE project:

• Location: Hanle, Ladakh, at an altitude of ~4,300 m, making it the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world.

• Development: Indigenously built by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) with support from ECIL and other Indian partners.

• Objective: To study high-energy gamma rays and contribute to the understanding of the universe’s most energetic phenomena, such as supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts.

• Technology: Uses Cherenkov imaging technology to detect cosmic rays and observe high-energy astrophysical events.

• Significance: Enhances India’s cosmic-ray research capabilities and strengthens its position in multi-messenger astronomy on a global scale.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

About the MACE project:

• Location: Hanle, Ladakh, at an altitude of ~4,300 m, making it the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world.

• Development: Indigenously built by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) with support from ECIL and other Indian partners.

• Objective: To study high-energy gamma rays and contribute to the understanding of the universe’s most energetic phenomena, such as supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts.

• Technology: Uses Cherenkov imaging technology to detect cosmic rays and observe high-energy astrophysical events.

• Significance: Enhances India’s cosmic-ray research capabilities and strengthens its position in multi-messenger astronomy on a global scale.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which Indian satellite series is used to track stubble burning with varying spatial resolutions? a) INSAT-3DR b) CARTOSAT c) RESOURCESAT Series d) Megha-Tropiques Correct Solution: c) The RESOURCESAT Series, with sensors like LISS-3, LISS-4, and AWiFS, detects fires with different spatial resolutions. INSAT-3DR also tracks fires but has a coarser resolution, reducing its accuracy. CARTOSAT and Megha-Tropiques are not designed for fire detection. Incorrect Solution: c) The RESOURCESAT Series, with sensors like LISS-3, LISS-4, and AWiFS, detects fires with different spatial resolutions. INSAT-3DR also tracks fires but has a coarser resolution, reducing its accuracy. CARTOSAT and Megha-Tropiques are not designed for fire detection.

#### 7. Question

Which Indian satellite series is used to track stubble burning with varying spatial resolutions?

• a) INSAT-3DR

• b) CARTOSAT

• c) RESOURCESAT Series

• d) Megha-Tropiques

Solution: c)

The RESOURCESAT Series, with sensors like LISS-3, LISS-4, and AWiFS, detects fires with different spatial resolutions. INSAT-3DR also tracks fires but has a coarser resolution, reducing its accuracy. CARTOSAT and Megha-Tropiques are not designed for fire detection.

Solution: c)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following: Statement-I: Atal Innovation Mission 2.0 includes a State Innovation Mission (SIM) to integrate state-level innovation ecosystems with NITI Aayog’s framework. Statement-II: SIM focuses on bilateral collaborations with other countries to foster innovation and entrepreneurship. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) The State Innovation Mission (SIM) under AIM 2.0 aims to strengthen state-level innovation ecosystems in alignment with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission. However, bilateral and multilateral collaborations fall under AIM’s international collaboration initiatives, not SIM. About Atal Innovation Mission 2.0: Ministry/ Department:NITI Budget:₹2,750 crore till March 2028. Aim:To strengthen India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem by improving input, throughput, and output quality in innovation. Key Features: Language Inclusive Program of Innovation (LIPI):Establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers in 22 scheduled languages. Frontier Program:Develop customized innovation templates for J&K, Ladakh, NE states, and aspirational districts with 2,500 new ATLs. Human Capital DevelopmentProgram: Train 5,500 professionals to build and sustain innovation ecosystems. Deeptech Reactor:Pilot research sandboxes for deep tech startups requiring long-term investment. State Innovation Mission (SIM):Strengthen innovation ecosystems in states/UTs, integrated with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission. International Innovation Collaborations: Host Global Tinkering Olympiad, engage in 10 bilateral/multilateral collaborations, support WIPOfor the Global South, and anchor Startup20 Engagement Group. Industrial Accelerator Program:Create 10 PPP-mode accelerators for scaling startups in critical sectors. Atal Sectoral Innovation Launchpads (ASIL):Build 10 sector-specific platforms for startup integration and procurement across key ministries. Incorrect Solution: c) The State Innovation Mission (SIM) under AIM 2.0 aims to strengthen state-level innovation ecosystems in alignment with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission. However, bilateral and multilateral collaborations fall under AIM’s international collaboration initiatives, not SIM. About Atal Innovation Mission 2.0: Ministry/ Department:NITI Budget:₹2,750 crore till March 2028. Aim:To strengthen India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem by improving input, throughput, and output quality in innovation. Key Features: Language Inclusive Program of Innovation (LIPI):Establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers in 22 scheduled languages. Frontier Program:Develop customized innovation templates for J&K, Ladakh, NE states, and aspirational districts with 2,500 new ATLs. Human Capital DevelopmentProgram: Train 5,500 professionals to build and sustain innovation ecosystems. Deeptech Reactor:Pilot research sandboxes for deep tech startups requiring long-term investment. State Innovation Mission (SIM):Strengthen innovation ecosystems in states/UTs, integrated with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission. International Innovation Collaborations: Host Global Tinkering Olympiad, engage in 10 bilateral/multilateral collaborations, support WIPOfor the Global South, and anchor Startup20 Engagement Group. Industrial Accelerator Program:Create 10 PPP-mode accelerators for scaling startups in critical sectors. Atal Sectoral Innovation Launchpads (ASIL):Build 10 sector-specific platforms for startup integration and procurement across key ministries.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following:

Statement-I: Atal Innovation Mission 2.0 includes a State Innovation Mission (SIM) to integrate state-level innovation ecosystems with NITI Aayog’s framework. Statement-II: SIM focuses on bilateral collaborations with other countries to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: c)

The State Innovation Mission (SIM) under AIM 2.0 aims to strengthen state-level innovation ecosystems in alignment with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission. However, bilateral and multilateral collaborations fall under AIM’s international collaboration initiatives, not SIM.

About Atal Innovation Mission 2.0:

• Ministry/ Department:NITI

• Budget:₹2,750 crore till March 2028.

• Aim:To strengthen India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem by improving input, throughput, and output quality in innovation.

Key Features:

• Language Inclusive Program of Innovation (LIPI):Establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers in 22 scheduled languages.

• Frontier Program:Develop customized innovation templates for J&K, Ladakh, NE states, and aspirational districts with 2,500 new ATLs.

• Human Capital DevelopmentProgram: Train 5,500 professionals to build and sustain innovation ecosystems.

• Deeptech Reactor:Pilot research sandboxes for deep tech startups requiring long-term investment.

• State Innovation Mission (SIM):Strengthen innovation ecosystems in states/UTs, integrated with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission.

• International Innovation Collaborations: Host Global Tinkering Olympiad, engage in 10 bilateral/multilateral collaborations, support WIPOfor the Global South, and anchor Startup20 Engagement Group.

• Industrial Accelerator Program:Create 10 PPP-mode accelerators for scaling startups in critical sectors.

• Atal Sectoral Innovation Launchpads (ASIL):Build 10 sector-specific platforms for startup integration and procurement across key ministries.

Solution: c)

About Atal Innovation Mission 2.0:

• Ministry/ Department:NITI

• Budget:₹2,750 crore till March 2028.

• Aim:To strengthen India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem by improving input, throughput, and output quality in innovation.

Key Features:

• Language Inclusive Program of Innovation (LIPI):Establish 30 Vernacular Innovation Centers in 22 scheduled languages.

• Frontier Program:Develop customized innovation templates for J&K, Ladakh, NE states, and aspirational districts with 2,500 new ATLs.

• Human Capital DevelopmentProgram: Train 5,500 professionals to build and sustain innovation ecosystems.

• Deeptech Reactor:Pilot research sandboxes for deep tech startups requiring long-term investment.

• State Innovation Mission (SIM):Strengthen innovation ecosystems in states/UTs, integrated with NITI Aayog’s State Support Mission.

• Industrial Accelerator Program:Create 10 PPP-mode accelerators for scaling startups in critical sectors.

• Atal Sectoral Innovation Launchpads (ASIL):Build 10 sector-specific platforms for startup integration and procurement across key ministries.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following is the primary vision behind the Gelephu Mindfulness City in Bhutan? a) To promote harmony, sustainability, and the philosophy of Gross National Happiness. b) To establish Bhutan’s largest industrial hub. c) To create a city exclusively for economic activities and trade. d) To attract international tourism for Bhutan’s cultural heritage. Correct Solution: a) The Gelephu Mindfulness City embodies Bhutan’s philosophy of Gross National Happiness, prioritizing sustainability, well-being, and harmony. It integrates eco-friendly development, renewable energy, and modern urban planning with Bhutanese cultural values, making it a model for global sustainable living. Incorrect Solution: a) The Gelephu Mindfulness City embodies Bhutan’s philosophy of Gross National Happiness, prioritizing sustainability, well-being, and harmony. It integrates eco-friendly development, renewable energy, and modern urban planning with Bhutanese cultural values, making it a model for global sustainable living.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following is the primary vision behind the Gelephu Mindfulness City in Bhutan?

• a) To promote harmony, sustainability, and the philosophy of Gross National Happiness.

• b) To establish Bhutan’s largest industrial hub.

• c) To create a city exclusively for economic activities and trade.

• d) To attract international tourism for Bhutan’s cultural heritage.

Solution: a)

The Gelephu Mindfulness City embodies Bhutan’s philosophy of Gross National Happiness, prioritizing sustainability, well-being, and harmony. It integrates eco-friendly development, renewable energy, and modern urban planning with Bhutanese cultural values, making it a model for global sustainable living.

Solution: a)

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding space junk and its impact on Earth’s atmosphere: It predominantly consists of natural space materials like asteroids and meteoroids. Burning space debris releases nitrogen oxides, aluminum, and black carbon into the stratosphere. Soot particles from space junk absorption disrupt natural climate patterns by warming the atmosphere. Pollutants from space debris can alter cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 2 and 4 only Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: Space junk primarily consists of man-made objects like defunct satellites and rocket parts, not natural materials. Statement 2 is correct: Space debris releases pollutants like aluminum, nitrogen oxides, and black carbon. Statement 3 is correct: Soot particles absorb solar energy, warming the atmosphere and disrupting climate patterns. Statement 4 is correct: Pollutants like copper promote cloud formation and alter atmospheric chemistry. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect: Space junk primarily consists of man-made objects like defunct satellites and rocket parts, not natural materials. Statement 2 is correct: Space debris releases pollutants like aluminum, nitrogen oxides, and black carbon. Statement 3 is correct: Soot particles absorb solar energy, warming the atmosphere and disrupting climate patterns. Statement 4 is correct: Pollutants like copper promote cloud formation and alter atmospheric chemistry.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding space junk and its impact on Earth’s atmosphere:

• It predominantly consists of natural space materials like asteroids and meteoroids.

• Burning space debris releases nitrogen oxides, aluminum, and black carbon into the stratosphere.

• Soot particles from space junk absorption disrupt natural climate patterns by warming the atmosphere.

• Pollutants from space debris can alter cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 3, and 4 only

• d) 2 and 4 only

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: Space junk primarily consists of man-made objects like defunct satellites and rocket parts, not natural materials.

Statement 2 is correct: Space debris releases pollutants like aluminum, nitrogen oxides, and black carbon.

Statement 3 is correct: Soot particles absorb solar energy, warming the atmosphere and disrupting climate patterns.

Statement 4 is correct: Pollutants like copper promote cloud formation and alter atmospheric chemistry.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect: Space junk primarily consists of man-made objects like defunct satellites and rocket parts, not natural materials.

Statement 2 is correct: Space debris releases pollutants like aluminum, nitrogen oxides, and black carbon.

Statement 3 is correct: Soot particles absorb solar energy, warming the atmosphere and disrupting climate patterns.

Statement 4 is correct: Pollutants like copper promote cloud formation and alter atmospheric chemistry.

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