UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 27 March 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s approach to the integration of princely states: The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated through a peaceful negotiation without any military operation. Patel personally led the negotiations for Kashmir’s accession to India. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect as the integration of Hyderabad required Operation Polo, a military action to resolve the Nizam’s refusal to join India. Statement 2 is also incorrect; Patel was not the primary negotiator for Kashmir’s accession. Prime Minister Nehru, given the complex political sensitivities, led Kashmir’s integration, though Patel’s successful integration of other states set a guiding example. Patel’s pragmatic approach helped unify India while reducing potential conflict. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is incorrect as the integration of Hyderabad required Operation Polo, a military action to resolve the Nizam’s refusal to join India. Statement 2 is also incorrect; Patel was not the primary negotiator for Kashmir’s accession. Prime Minister Nehru, given the complex political sensitivities, led Kashmir’s integration, though Patel’s successful integration of other states set a guiding example. Patel’s pragmatic approach helped unify India while reducing potential conflict.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s approach to the integration of princely states:

• The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated through a peaceful negotiation without any military operation.

• Patel personally led the negotiations for Kashmir’s accession to India.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

Statement 1 is incorrect as the integration of Hyderabad required Operation Polo, a military action to resolve the Nizam’s refusal to join India.

Statement 2 is also incorrect; Patel was not the primary negotiator for Kashmir’s accession. Prime Minister Nehru, given the complex political sensitivities, led Kashmir’s integration, though Patel’s successful integration of other states set a guiding example. Patel’s pragmatic approach helped unify India while reducing potential conflict.

Solution: C

Statement 1 is incorrect as the integration of Hyderabad required Operation Polo, a military action to resolve the Nizam’s refusal to join India.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points What is the primary aim of the Digital India Common Service Center (DICSC) project? (a) To develop urban e-commerce platforms for rural products (b) To bridge the digital divide in rural areas by providing e-governance and digital services (c) To enhance agricultural productivity through digital tools (d) To set up government offices in rural areas for public grievances Correct Solution: B The main objective of the Digital India Common Service Center (DICSC) project is to bridge the digital divide in rural areas by providing digital and e-governance services at the grassroots level. By establishing model centers in gram panchayats, the initiative ensures that rural citizens have access to essential services like Aadhaar, banking, tele-law, telemedicine, and more, promoting digital inclusion and literacy. Unlike urban-focused projects or agriculture-specific initiatives, this project focuses on improving digital infrastructure and service accessibility for rural communities. Incorrect Solution: B The main objective of the Digital India Common Service Center (DICSC) project is to bridge the digital divide in rural areas by providing digital and e-governance services at the grassroots level. By establishing model centers in gram panchayats, the initiative ensures that rural citizens have access to essential services like Aadhaar, banking, tele-law, telemedicine, and more, promoting digital inclusion and literacy. Unlike urban-focused projects or agriculture-specific initiatives, this project focuses on improving digital infrastructure and service accessibility for rural communities.

#### 2. Question

What is the primary aim of the Digital India Common Service Center (DICSC) project?

• (a) To develop urban e-commerce platforms for rural products

• (b) To bridge the digital divide in rural areas by providing e-governance and digital services

• (c) To enhance agricultural productivity through digital tools

• (d) To set up government offices in rural areas for public grievances

Solution: B

The main objective of the Digital India Common Service Center (DICSC) project is to bridge the digital divide in rural areas by providing digital and e-governance services at the grassroots level. By establishing model centers in gram panchayats, the initiative ensures that rural citizens have access to essential services like Aadhaar, banking, tele-law, telemedicine, and more, promoting digital inclusion and literacy. Unlike urban-focused projects or agriculture-specific initiatives, this project focuses on improving digital infrastructure and service accessibility for rural communities.

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the princely state of Junagadh and Sardar Patel’s role in its integration: Patel allowed the Nawab of Junagadh to accede to Pakistan as a gesture of diplomatic goodwill. Patel encouraged a public referendum in Junagadh, which resulted in a majority vote for remaining independent. Patel’s approach to Junagadh was purely diplomatic, avoiding any form of force or coercion. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is false as Patel strongly opposed the Nawab’s decision to accede to Pakistan, given Junagadh’s geographical position within India. Patel responded decisively, leading to its reintegration with India rather than conceding to Pakistan. Statement 2 is incorrect because Patel initiated a public referendum in Junagadh, which indeed resulted in a majority vote for joining India, not remaining independent. Statement 3 is incorrect as Patel’s approach included the threat of force due to the Nawab’s resistance, showcasing his readiness to use decisive measures when diplomacy failed. This example reflects Patel’s pragmatism and commitment to maintaining India’s territorial integrity, which played a crucial role in consolidating the newly independent nation. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is false as Patel strongly opposed the Nawab’s decision to accede to Pakistan, given Junagadh’s geographical position within India. Patel responded decisively, leading to its reintegration with India rather than conceding to Pakistan. Statement 2 is incorrect because Patel initiated a public referendum in Junagadh, which indeed resulted in a majority vote for joining India, not remaining independent. Statement 3 is incorrect as Patel’s approach included the threat of force due to the Nawab’s resistance, showcasing his readiness to use decisive measures when diplomacy failed. This example reflects Patel’s pragmatism and commitment to maintaining India’s territorial integrity, which played a crucial role in consolidating the newly independent nation.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about the princely state of Junagadh and Sardar Patel’s role in its integration:

• Patel allowed the Nawab of Junagadh to accede to Pakistan as a gesture of diplomatic goodwill.

• Patel encouraged a public referendum in Junagadh, which resulted in a majority vote for remaining independent.

• Patel’s approach to Junagadh was purely diplomatic, avoiding any form of force or coercion.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

Statement 1 is false as Patel strongly opposed the Nawab’s decision to accede to Pakistan, given Junagadh’s geographical position within India. Patel responded decisively, leading to its reintegration with India rather than conceding to Pakistan.

Statement 2 is incorrect because Patel initiated a public referendum in Junagadh, which indeed resulted in a majority vote for joining India, not remaining independent.

Statement 3 is incorrect as Patel’s approach included the threat of force due to the Nawab’s resistance, showcasing his readiness to use decisive measures when diplomacy failed. This example reflects Patel’s pragmatism and commitment to maintaining India’s territorial integrity, which played a crucial role in consolidating the newly independent nation.

Solution: D

Statement 2 is incorrect because Patel initiated a public referendum in Junagadh, which indeed resulted in a majority vote for joining India, not remaining independent.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding peripheral urbanisation: It is characterised by the expansion of urban centres into nearby rural areas. This process can lead to the development of peri-urban zones that merge urban and rural characteristics. Peripheral urbanisation does not involve any increase in urban infrastructure. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 3 is incorrect. Peripheral urbanisation refers to the expansion of cities into adjacent rural regions, creating peri-urban zones that integrate both urban and rural elements. This form of urbanisation often results from a need for more land for housing, industry, and infrastructure due to population growth in central areas. Peri-urban areas are characterised by mixed land use, where agriculture and industry coexist. Urban infrastructure like roads, utilities, and public facilities extends into these areas, contradicting statement 3. Peripheral urbanisation can lead to economic growth for nearby rural populations, as they gain access to urban markets and employment opportunities. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 3 is incorrect. Peripheral urbanisation refers to the expansion of cities into adjacent rural regions, creating peri-urban zones that integrate both urban and rural elements. This form of urbanisation often results from a need for more land for housing, industry, and infrastructure due to population growth in central areas. Peri-urban areas are characterised by mixed land use, where agriculture and industry coexist. Urban infrastructure like roads, utilities, and public facilities extends into these areas, contradicting statement 3. Peripheral urbanisation can lead to economic growth for nearby rural populations, as they gain access to urban markets and employment opportunities.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding peripheral urbanisation:

• It is characterised by the expansion of urban centres into nearby rural areas.

• This process can lead to the development of peri-urban zones that merge urban and rural characteristics.

• Peripheral urbanisation does not involve any increase in urban infrastructure.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Peripheral urbanisation refers to the expansion of cities into adjacent rural regions, creating peri-urban zones that integrate both urban and rural elements.

This form of urbanisation often results from a need for more land for housing, industry, and infrastructure due to population growth in central areas.

Peri-urban areas are characterised by mixed land use, where agriculture and industry coexist.

Urban infrastructure like roads, utilities, and public facilities extends into these areas, contradicting statement 3.

Peripheral urbanisation can lead to economic growth for nearby rural populations, as they gain access to urban markets and employment opportunities.

Solution: B

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Peripheral urbanisation refers to the expansion of cities into adjacent rural regions, creating peri-urban zones that integrate both urban and rural elements.

This form of urbanisation often results from a need for more land for housing, industry, and infrastructure due to population growth in central areas.

Peri-urban areas are characterised by mixed land use, where agriculture and industry coexist.

Urban infrastructure like roads, utilities, and public facilities extends into these areas, contradicting statement 3.

Peripheral urbanisation can lead to economic growth for nearby rural populations, as they gain access to urban markets and employment opportunities.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about natural urbanisation: It primarily refers to population growth within urban areas due to high birth rates. It is often more rapid in cities with high levels of medical and social infrastructure. Natural urbanisation does not include migration or influx from rural areas. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Natural urbanisation is a form of urban growth derived from the natural increase in population rather than migration. The defining factor here is the high birth rates within urban environments. Cities with robust medical services and social infrastructure experience this growth more as improved healthcare reduces infant mortality rates and increases overall life expectancy. Additionally, this growth excludes migration effects, as it’s based solely on the birth-death rate balance within urban populations. Developing nations often see high rates of natural urbanisation due to relatively high birth rates in urban areas compared to developed countries. Incorrect Solution: C Natural urbanisation is a form of urban growth derived from the natural increase in population rather than migration. The defining factor here is the high birth rates within urban environments. Cities with robust medical services and social infrastructure experience this growth more as improved healthcare reduces infant mortality rates and increases overall life expectancy. Additionally, this growth excludes migration effects, as it’s based solely on the birth-death rate balance within urban populations. Developing nations often see high rates of natural urbanisation due to relatively high birth rates in urban areas compared to developed countries.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about natural urbanisation:

• It primarily refers to population growth within urban areas due to high birth rates.

• It is often more rapid in cities with high levels of medical and social infrastructure.

• Natural urbanisation does not include migration or influx from rural areas.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Natural urbanisation is a form of urban growth derived from the natural increase in population rather than migration. The defining factor here is the high birth rates within urban environments.

• Cities with robust medical services and social infrastructure experience this growth more as improved healthcare reduces infant mortality rates and increases overall life expectancy.

• Additionally, this growth excludes migration effects, as it’s based solely on the birth-death rate balance within urban populations.

• Developing nations often see high rates of natural urbanisation due to relatively high birth rates in urban areas compared to developed countries.

Solution: C

• Cities with robust medical services and social infrastructure experience this growth more as improved healthcare reduces infant mortality rates and increases overall life expectancy.

• Additionally, this growth excludes migration effects, as it’s based solely on the birth-death rate balance within urban populations.

• Developing nations often see high rates of natural urbanisation due to relatively high birth rates in urban areas compared to developed countries.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT): AMRUT aims to provide basic urban services like water supply, sanitation, and public transport. AMRUT is focused solely on the construction of new cities and townships. AMRUT prioritizes improvements in urban infrastructure to promote sustainability and inclusivity. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: C AMRUT, or the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, is primarily focused on providing basic urban services, such as clean water, sewerage, and efficient public transportation, confirming statement 1. Statement 3 is also correct, as AMRUT emphasizes sustainable urban infrastructure and inclusivity by upgrading services in existing cities and urban areas. However, statement 2 is incorrect because AMRUT does not focus on creating new cities but on improving services in existing urban areas. Incorrect Solution: C AMRUT, or the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, is primarily focused on providing basic urban services, such as clean water, sewerage, and efficient public transportation, confirming statement 1. Statement 3 is also correct, as AMRUT emphasizes sustainable urban infrastructure and inclusivity by upgrading services in existing cities and urban areas. However, statement 2 is incorrect because AMRUT does not focus on creating new cities but on improving services in existing urban areas.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT):

• AMRUT aims to provide basic urban services like water supply, sanitation, and public transport.

• AMRUT is focused solely on the construction of new cities and townships.

• AMRUT prioritizes improvements in urban infrastructure to promote sustainability and inclusivity.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 1 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

AMRUT, or the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, is primarily focused on providing basic urban services, such as clean water, sewerage, and efficient public transportation, confirming statement 1.

Statement 3 is also correct, as AMRUT emphasizes sustainable urban infrastructure and inclusivity by upgrading services in existing cities and urban areas.

However, statement 2 is incorrect because AMRUT does not focus on creating new cities but on improving services in existing urban areas.

Solution: C

Statement 3 is also correct, as AMRUT emphasizes sustainable urban infrastructure and inclusivity by upgrading services in existing cities and urban areas.

However, statement 2 is incorrect because AMRUT does not focus on creating new cities but on improving services in existing urban areas.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the functions of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR): ICMR primarily funds private healthcare companies for medical research. ICMR facilitates the translation of research findings into public health applications. ICMR conducts medical research to address society’s health needs. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect because ICMR does not primarily fund private healthcare companies; rather, it supports medical research that aligns with national health priorities, regardless of the sector. Statement 2 is correct as one of ICMR’s key functions is to translate medical research findings into public health applications, contributing to better health policies and interventions. Statement 3 is also correct, as ICMR conducts research targeting national health challenges, aiming to address the health needs of society. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect because ICMR does not primarily fund private healthcare companies; rather, it supports medical research that aligns with national health priorities, regardless of the sector. Statement 2 is correct as one of ICMR’s key functions is to translate medical research findings into public health applications, contributing to better health policies and interventions. Statement 3 is also correct, as ICMR conducts research targeting national health challenges, aiming to address the health needs of society.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the functions of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR):

• ICMR primarily funds private healthcare companies for medical research.

• ICMR facilitates the translation of research findings into public health applications.

• ICMR conducts medical research to address society’s health needs.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 1 is incorrect because ICMR does not primarily fund private healthcare companies; rather, it supports medical research that aligns with national health priorities, regardless of the sector.

Statement 2 is correct as one of ICMR’s key functions is to translate medical research findings into public health applications, contributing to better health policies and interventions.

Statement 3 is also correct, as ICMR conducts research targeting national health challenges, aiming to address the health needs of society.

Solution: B

Statement 2 is correct as one of ICMR’s key functions is to translate medical research findings into public health applications, contributing to better health policies and interventions.

Statement 3 is also correct, as ICMR conducts research targeting national health challenges, aiming to address the health needs of society.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the LignoSat mission? (a) To test synthetic materials for space habitats on Mars (b) To test Japanese cedar wood’s strength in space for future spacecraft design (c) To study the resilience of Japanese honoki (magnolia) wood in space conditions (d) To launch a commercial satellite for Earth observation Correct Solution: C The LignoSat mission, developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, is designed to test the durability and resilience of Japanese honoki wood in space conditions for six months. Option a) is incorrect as the mission does not involve synthetic materials; it focuses on natural wood. Option b) is incorrect as Japanese cedar wood is not the wood being tested; honoki (magnolia) wood is used. Option d) is incorrect because LignoSat is not an Earth observation mission. Incorrect Solution: C The LignoSat mission, developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, is designed to test the durability and resilience of Japanese honoki wood in space conditions for six months. Option a) is incorrect as the mission does not involve synthetic materials; it focuses on natural wood. Option b) is incorrect as Japanese cedar wood is not the wood being tested; honoki (magnolia) wood is used. Option d) is incorrect because LignoSat is not an Earth observation mission.

#### 8. Question

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the LignoSat mission?

• (a) To test synthetic materials for space habitats on Mars

• (b) To test Japanese cedar wood’s strength in space for future spacecraft design

• (c) To study the resilience of Japanese honoki (magnolia) wood in space conditions

• (d) To launch a commercial satellite for Earth observation

Solution: C

The LignoSat mission, developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, is designed to test the durability and resilience of Japanese honoki wood in space conditions for six months.

Option a) is incorrect as the mission does not involve synthetic materials; it focuses on natural wood.

Option b) is incorrect as Japanese cedar wood is not the wood being tested; honoki (magnolia) wood is used.

Option d) is incorrect because LignoSat is not an Earth observation mission.

Solution: C

The LignoSat mission, developed by Kyoto University and Sumitomo Forestry, is designed to test the durability and resilience of Japanese honoki wood in space conditions for six months.

Option a) is incorrect as the mission does not involve synthetic materials; it focuses on natural wood.

Option b) is incorrect as Japanese cedar wood is not the wood being tested; honoki (magnolia) wood is used.

Option d) is incorrect because LignoSat is not an Earth observation mission.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the 30-by-30 target discussed at COP-16 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): The 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of the world’s land and marine areas by 2030. The 30-by-30 target is exclusively focused on marine biodiversity conservation. COP-16 emphasized integrating this target into national policies and aligning it with climate change actions. The target is intended to be implemented only in developed countries. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as the 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of both land and marine areas by 2030, reflecting a balanced focus on terrestrial and marine biodiversity. Statement 3 is also correct, as COP-16 stressed the importance of integrating biodiversity targets like the 30-by-30 goal into national policies and aligning them with climate change actions. Statement 2 is incorrect because the target is not exclusively focused on marine areas; it covers both land and marine ecosystems. Statement 4 is incorrect as the target is intended to be globally inclusive, with all countries, both developed and developing, contributing to its achievement. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as the 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of both land and marine areas by 2030, reflecting a balanced focus on terrestrial and marine biodiversity. Statement 3 is also correct, as COP-16 stressed the importance of integrating biodiversity targets like the 30-by-30 goal into national policies and aligning them with climate change actions. Statement 2 is incorrect because the target is not exclusively focused on marine areas; it covers both land and marine ecosystems. Statement 4 is incorrect as the target is intended to be globally inclusive, with all countries, both developed and developing, contributing to its achievement.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements about the 30-by-30 target discussed at COP-16 to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD):

• The 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of the world’s land and marine areas by 2030.

• The 30-by-30 target is exclusively focused on marine biodiversity conservation.

• COP-16 emphasized integrating this target into national policies and aligning it with climate change actions.

• The target is intended to be implemented only in developed countries.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

Statement 1 is correct, as the 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of both land and marine areas by 2030, reflecting a balanced focus on terrestrial and marine biodiversity.

Statement 3 is also correct, as COP-16 stressed the importance of integrating biodiversity targets like the 30-by-30 goal into national policies and aligning them with climate change actions.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the target is not exclusively focused on marine areas; it covers both land and marine ecosystems.

Statement 4 is incorrect as the target is intended to be globally inclusive, with all countries, both developed and developing, contributing to its achievement.

Solution: B

Statement 1 is correct, as the 30-by-30 target aims to conserve 30% of both land and marine areas by 2030, reflecting a balanced focus on terrestrial and marine biodiversity.

Statement 3 is also correct, as COP-16 stressed the importance of integrating biodiversity targets like the 30-by-30 goal into national policies and aligning them with climate change actions.

Statement 2 is incorrect because the target is not exclusively focused on marine areas; it covers both land and marine ecosystems.

Statement 4 is incorrect as the target is intended to be globally inclusive, with all countries, both developed and developing, contributing to its achievement.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Kolong River: The Kolong River originates in the hills of Meghalaya. It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C The Kolong River is a distributary, not a tributary, of the Brahmaputra River, meaning it branches out from the Brahmaputra rather than feeding into it, making statement 2 incorrect. Statement 1 is also incorrect as the Kolong River does not originate in the hills of Meghalaya but rather flows through Morigaon district in Assam. Incorrect Solution: C The Kolong River is a distributary, not a tributary, of the Brahmaputra River, meaning it branches out from the Brahmaputra rather than feeding into it, making statement 2 incorrect. Statement 1 is also incorrect as the Kolong River does not originate in the hills of Meghalaya but rather flows through Morigaon district in Assam.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements about the Kolong River:

• The Kolong River originates in the hills of Meghalaya.

• It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

The Kolong River is a distributary, not a tributary, of the Brahmaputra River, meaning it branches out from the Brahmaputra rather than feeding into it, making statement 2 incorrect.

Statement 1 is also incorrect as the Kolong River does not originate in the hills of Meghalaya but rather flows through Morigaon district in Assam.

Solution: C

The Kolong River is a distributary, not a tributary, of the Brahmaputra River, meaning it branches out from the Brahmaputra rather than feeding into it, making statement 2 incorrect.

Statement 1 is also incorrect as the Kolong River does not originate in the hills of Meghalaya but rather flows through Morigaon district in Assam.

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