UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 27 March 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Election Commission of India(ECI): Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body. The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: S1: Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body. The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950. The Commission celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2001. S2: The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. They have tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office in like manner and on like grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court. S3: The Commission transacts its business by holding regular meetings and also by circulation of papers. All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission. The Commission, from time to time, delegates some of its executive functions to its officers in its Secretariat. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/election-commissioner-selection-ensuring-independence/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: S1: Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body. The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950. The Commission celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2001. S2: The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. They have tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office in like manner and on like grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court. S3: The Commission transacts its business by holding regular meetings and also by circulation of papers. All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission. The Commission, from time to time, delegates some of its executive functions to its officers in its Secretariat. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/election-commissioner-selection-ensuring-independence/

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the Election Commission of India(ECI):

• Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body. The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission.

• Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body.

• The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners.

• All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• S1: Election Commission of India is a permanent Constitutional Body. The Election Commission was established in accordance with the Constitution on 25th January 1950. The Commission celebrated its Golden Jubilee in 2001.

• S2: The President appoints Chief Election Commissioner and Election Commissioners. They have tenure of six years, or up to the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed from office in like manner and on like grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court.

• S3: The Commission transacts its business by holding regular meetings and also by circulation of papers. All Election Commissioners have equal say in the decision making of the Commission. The Commission, from time to time, delegates some of its executive functions to its officers in its Secretariat.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/election-commissioner-selection-ensuring-independence/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/election-commissioner-selection-ensuring-independence/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI): It is the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General. Geological Survey of India is one of the oldest of such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India (founded in 1767). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/archaeological-survey-of-india/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General. Geological Survey of India is one of the oldest of such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India (founded in 1767). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/archaeological-survey-of-india/

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI):

• It is the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.

• It is the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India.

• It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural historical monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham during the British Raj who also became its first Director-General.

• Geological Survey of India is one of the oldest of such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India (founded in 1767).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/archaeological-survey-of-india/

Explanation:

• Geological Survey of India is one of the oldest of such organisations in the world and the second oldest survey in India after Survey of India (founded in 1767).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/archaeological-survey-of-india/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately describes nationally-determined contributions (NDCs)? (a) NDCs are global targets set by the United Nations to combat climate change. (b) NDCs are voluntary commitments made by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. (c) NDCs are legally binding agreements that all countries must adhere to. (d) NDCs are financial pledges made by developed countries to support developing nations in their climate action efforts. Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Nationally-determined contributions (NDCs) are voluntary commitments made by countries as part of the Paris Agreement on climate change. These commitments outline the actions that each country intends to take to address climate change, including targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Unlike legally binding agreements, NDCs are determined by each individual country based on their national circumstances, capabilities, and priorities. While the Paris Agreement itself is a legally binding international treaty, the NDCs themselves are not legally binding obligations. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the nature of NDCs as voluntary commitments. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/cop-presidentcies-troika/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Nationally-determined contributions (NDCs) are voluntary commitments made by countries as part of the Paris Agreement on climate change. These commitments outline the actions that each country intends to take to address climate change, including targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Unlike legally binding agreements, NDCs are determined by each individual country based on their national circumstances, capabilities, and priorities. While the Paris Agreement itself is a legally binding international treaty, the NDCs themselves are not legally binding obligations. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the nature of NDCs as voluntary commitments. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/cop-presidentcies-troika/

#### 3. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes nationally-determined contributions (NDCs)?

• (a) NDCs are global targets set by the United Nations to combat climate change.

• (b) NDCs are voluntary commitments made by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts.

• (c) NDCs are legally binding agreements that all countries must adhere to.

• (d) NDCs are financial pledges made by developed countries to support developing nations in their climate action efforts.

Explanation:

• Nationally-determined contributions (NDCs) are voluntary commitments made by countries as part of the Paris Agreement on climate change. These commitments outline the actions that each country intends to take to address climate change, including targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Unlike legally binding agreements, NDCs are determined by each individual country based on their national circumstances, capabilities, and priorities. While the Paris Agreement itself is a legally binding international treaty, the NDCs themselves are not legally binding obligations. Therefore, option B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the nature of NDCs as voluntary commitments.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/cop-presidentcies-troika/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/cop-presidentcies-troika/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are true? (a) APIs facilitate communication and interaction between different software systems or components. (b) APIs are only used by developers for accessing data from databases. (c) APIs are primarily designed for human interaction with graphical user interfaces. (d) APIs are static and cannot be updated once released. Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: CERT-In and CSIRT-Fin’s whitepaper on API security is a step in the right direction. APIs facilitate communication between software components by providing a set of definitions and protocols. For instance, a weather app on your phone communicates with the weather bureau’s software system through APIs to display daily weather updates. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/application-programming-interface-api/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: CERT-In and CSIRT-Fin’s whitepaper on API security is a step in the right direction. APIs facilitate communication between software components by providing a set of definitions and protocols. For instance, a weather app on your phone communicates with the weather bureau’s software system through APIs to display daily weather updates. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/application-programming-interface-api/

#### 4. Question

Which of the following statements about Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are true?

• (a) APIs facilitate communication and interaction between different software systems or components.

• (b) APIs are only used by developers for accessing data from databases.

• (c) APIs are primarily designed for human interaction with graphical user interfaces.

• (d) APIs are static and cannot be updated once released.

Explanation:

• Context: CERT-In and CSIRT-Fin’s whitepaper on API security is a step in the right direction.

• APIs facilitate communication between software components by providing a set of definitions and protocols. For instance, a weather app on your phone communicates with the weather bureau’s software system through APIs to display daily weather updates.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/application-programming-interface-api/

Explanation:

• Context: CERT-In and CSIRT-Fin’s whitepaper on API security is a step in the right direction.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/application-programming-interface-api/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about azadirachtin is true? (a) It is a synthetic pesticide widely used in organic farming. (b) It is derived from neem trees and acts as a natural insecticide. (c) It is primarily used as a chemical fertilizer in agriculture. (d) It is known for its effectiveness against bacterial infections in plants. Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Researchers at Jawaharlal Nehru University’s School of Biotechnology have developed an Artificial Intelligence-based tool to predict the metabolite content in neem fruits, specifically azadirachtin, which is used as a biopesticide. The AI model analyses images of neem leaves and fruits to classify them as having either low or high azadirachtin content, eliminating the need for expensive and cumbersome analytical equipment like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The model, trained using deep learning frameworks and synthetic image augmentation, achieved high accuracy in classifying fruit metabolite content. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/ai-tool-predicts-neem-fruit-metabolite-content/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Researchers at Jawaharlal Nehru University’s School of Biotechnology have developed an Artificial Intelligence-based tool to predict the metabolite content in neem fruits, specifically azadirachtin, which is used as a biopesticide. The AI model analyses images of neem leaves and fruits to classify them as having either low or high azadirachtin content, eliminating the need for expensive and cumbersome analytical equipment like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The model, trained using deep learning frameworks and synthetic image augmentation, achieved high accuracy in classifying fruit metabolite content. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/ai-tool-predicts-neem-fruit-metabolite-content/

#### 5. Question

Which of the following statements about azadirachtin is true?

• (a) It is a synthetic pesticide widely used in organic farming.

• (b) It is derived from neem trees and acts as a natural insecticide.

• (c) It is primarily used as a chemical fertilizer in agriculture.

• (d) It is known for its effectiveness against bacterial infections in plants.

Explanation:

• Context: Researchers at Jawaharlal Nehru University’s School of Biotechnology have developed an Artificial Intelligence-based tool to predict the metabolite content in neem fruits, specifically azadirachtin, which is used as a biopesticide.

• The AI model analyses images of neem leaves and fruits to classify them as having either low or high azadirachtin content, eliminating the need for expensive and cumbersome analytical equipment like high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

• The model, trained using deep learning frameworks and synthetic image augmentation, achieved high accuracy in classifying fruit metabolite content.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/ai-tool-predicts-neem-fruit-metabolite-content/

Explanation:

• The model, trained using deep learning frameworks and synthetic image augmentation, achieved high accuracy in classifying fruit metabolite content.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/ai-tool-predicts-neem-fruit-metabolite-content/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about International Astronomical Union (IAU): The IAU is responsible for the regulation and naming of celestial bodies and features. The IAU has the authority to regulate space exploration missions conducted by governmental and private organizations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved the name ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for the landing site of Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander. The International Astronomical Union is a non-governmental organisation with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation. It was founded in 1919 and is based in Paris, France. S1: IAU establishes conventions and guidelines for naming planets, moons, and other celestial objects. This responsibility includes naming newly discovered objects and features, as well as maintaining a standard nomenclature for consistency in scientific communication. S2: While the IAU plays a significant role in coordinating international astronomical activities and promoting collaboration among space agencies, it does not have direct authority over regulating space exploration missions conducted by governmental or private organizations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/statio-shiv-shakti/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved the name ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for the landing site of Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander. The International Astronomical Union is a non-governmental organisation with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation. It was founded in 1919 and is based in Paris, France. S1: IAU establishes conventions and guidelines for naming planets, moons, and other celestial objects. This responsibility includes naming newly discovered objects and features, as well as maintaining a standard nomenclature for consistency in scientific communication. S2: While the IAU plays a significant role in coordinating international astronomical activities and promoting collaboration among space agencies, it does not have direct authority over regulating space exploration missions conducted by governmental or private organizations. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/statio-shiv-shakti/

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about International Astronomical Union (IAU):

• The IAU is responsible for the regulation and naming of celestial bodies and features. The IAU has the authority to regulate space exploration missions conducted by governmental and private organizations.

• The IAU is responsible for the regulation and naming of celestial bodies and features.

• The IAU has the authority to regulate space exploration missions conducted by governmental and private organizations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Context: The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved the name ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for the landing site of Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander.

• The International Astronomical Union is a non-governmental organisation with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation. It was founded in 1919 and is based in Paris, France.

• S1: IAU establishes conventions and guidelines for naming planets, moons, and other celestial objects. This responsibility includes naming newly discovered objects and features, as well as maintaining a standard nomenclature for consistency in scientific communication.

• S2: While the IAU plays a significant role in coordinating international astronomical activities and promoting collaboration among space agencies, it does not have direct authority over regulating space exploration missions conducted by governmental or private organizations.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/statio-shiv-shakti/

Explanation:

• Context: The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved the name ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for the landing site of Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/statio-shiv-shakti/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Great Indian Bustard: The great Indian bustard is omnivorous. It is listed as Critically Endangered in IUCN Red List. Its population is confined mostly to Eastern Ghats. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Statement 3 is incorrect. Context: The Supreme Court has eased the ban on high-power transmission lines within the habitat of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) in Rajasthan and Gujarat. This decision comes after the formation of an expert committee tasked with balancing conservation efforts and development goals. The GIB, listed as Critically Endangered, faces threats including collision with overhead transmission lines, prompting conservation efforts amid a dwindling population. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/supreme-court-eases-ban-on-power-lines-in-great-indian-bustard-habitat/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Statement 3 is incorrect. Context: The Supreme Court has eased the ban on high-power transmission lines within the habitat of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) in Rajasthan and Gujarat. This decision comes after the formation of an expert committee tasked with balancing conservation efforts and development goals. The GIB, listed as Critically Endangered, faces threats including collision with overhead transmission lines, prompting conservation efforts amid a dwindling population. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/supreme-court-eases-ban-on-power-lines-in-great-indian-bustard-habitat/

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about Great Indian Bustard:

• The great Indian bustard is omnivorous. It is listed as Critically Endangered in IUCN Red List. Its population is confined mostly to Eastern Ghats.

• The great Indian bustard is omnivorous.

• It is listed as Critically Endangered in IUCN Red List.

• Its population is confined mostly to Eastern Ghats.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Context: The Supreme Court has eased the ban on high-power transmission lines within the habitat of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

• This decision comes after the formation of an expert committee tasked with balancing conservation efforts and development goals.

• The GIB, listed as Critically Endangered, faces threats including collision with overhead transmission lines, prompting conservation efforts amid a dwindling population.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/supreme-court-eases-ban-on-power-lines-in-great-indian-bustard-habitat/

Explanation:

• Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Context: The Supreme Court has eased the ban on high-power transmission lines within the habitat of the endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) in Rajasthan and Gujarat.

• This decision comes after the formation of an expert committee tasked with balancing conservation efforts and development goals.

• The GIB, listed as Critically Endangered, faces threats including collision with overhead transmission lines, prompting conservation efforts amid a dwindling population.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/supreme-court-eases-ban-on-power-lines-in-great-indian-bustard-habitat/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately describes the term ‘Khorasan’? (a) Khorasan is a historical region in Central Asia that encompassed parts of present-day Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. (b) Khorasan is a modern city located in the southeastern region of Iran, known for its cultural heritage and ancient ruins. (c) Khorasan is a mountain range in the Himalayas, renowned for its biodiversity and natural beauty. (d) Khorasan is a desert located in North Africa, characterized by its vast sand dunes and extreme temperatures. Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The gunmen, associated with ISIS-K (Islamic State Khorasan), carried out a shooting spree at Moscow’s Crocus City Hall, resulting in the deaths of at least 143 people and injuries to hundreds more. ISIS-K, or Islamic State Khorasan, is a terrorist organization that emerged in eastern Afghanistan in late 2014. It is one of the most active ISIS affiliates, known for its extreme brutality. The group’s name “Khorasan” refers to the historical region that includes parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and other Central Asian countries. The name comes from Persian and means “where the sun arrives from“. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/khorasan/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Context: The gunmen, associated with ISIS-K (Islamic State Khorasan), carried out a shooting spree at Moscow’s Crocus City Hall, resulting in the deaths of at least 143 people and injuries to hundreds more. ISIS-K, or Islamic State Khorasan, is a terrorist organization that emerged in eastern Afghanistan in late 2014. It is one of the most active ISIS affiliates, known for its extreme brutality. The group’s name “Khorasan” refers to the historical region that includes parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and other Central Asian countries. The name comes from Persian and means “where the sun arrives from“. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/khorasan/

#### 8. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes the term ‘Khorasan’?

• (a) Khorasan is a historical region in Central Asia that encompassed parts of present-day Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan.

• (b) Khorasan is a modern city located in the southeastern region of Iran, known for its cultural heritage and ancient ruins.

• (c) Khorasan is a mountain range in the Himalayas, renowned for its biodiversity and natural beauty.

• (d) Khorasan is a desert located in North Africa, characterized by its vast sand dunes and extreme temperatures.

Explanation:

• Context: The gunmen, associated with ISIS-K (Islamic State Khorasan), carried out a shooting spree at Moscow’s Crocus City Hall, resulting in the deaths of at least 143 people and injuries to hundreds more.

• ISIS-K, or Islamic State Khorasan, is a terrorist organization that emerged in eastern Afghanistan in late 2014. It is one of the most active ISIS affiliates, known for its extreme brutality.

• The group’s name “Khorasan” refers to the historical region that includes parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and other Central Asian countries. The name comes from Persian and means “where the sun arrives from“.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/khorasan/

Explanation:

• ISIS-K, or Islamic State Khorasan, is a terrorist organization that emerged in eastern Afghanistan in late 2014. It is one of the most active ISIS affiliates, known for its extreme brutality.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/khorasan/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF). SDRF was constituted based on the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission. The Central Government contributes 50% to SDRF and the remaining 50% is provided by the State Government. A State Government may use the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State. How many of the above statements given is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans; (a) Explanation: SDRF has been constituted by each state under the provisions of Disaster Management act 2005. It was constituted based on the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission. Funding: The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs. Heads: The state executive committee headed by the Chief Secretary is authorized to decide on all matters relating to the financing of the relief expenditure from the SDRF. Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves. Local Disaster: A State Government may use up to 10 percent of the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State and which are not included in the notified list of disasters of the Ministry of Home Affairs subject to the condition that the State Government has listed the State specific natural disasters and notified clear and transparent norms and guidelines for such disasters with the approval of the State Authority, i.e., the State Executive Authority (SEC). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/ Incorrect Ans; (a) Explanation: SDRF has been constituted by each state under the provisions of Disaster Management act 2005. It was constituted based on the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission. Funding: The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs. Heads: The state executive committee headed by the Chief Secretary is authorized to decide on all matters relating to the financing of the relief expenditure from the SDRF. Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves. Local Disaster: A State Government may use up to 10 percent of the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State and which are not included in the notified list of disasters of the Ministry of Home Affairs subject to the condition that the State Government has listed the State specific natural disasters and notified clear and transparent norms and guidelines for such disasters with the approval of the State Authority, i.e., the State Executive Authority (SEC). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF).

• SDRF was constituted based on the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission. The Central Government contributes 50% to SDRF and the remaining 50% is provided by the State Government. A State Government may use the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State.

• SDRF was constituted based on the recommendations of the 14th Finance Commission.

• The Central Government contributes 50% to SDRF and the remaining 50% is provided by the State Government.

• A State Government may use the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State.

How many of the above statements given is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• SDRF has been constituted by each state under the provisions of Disaster Management act 2005.

• It was constituted based on the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission.

• Funding: The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs.

• Heads: The state executive committee headed by the Chief Secretary is authorized to decide on all matters relating to the financing of the relief expenditure from the SDRF.

• Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves.

• Local Disaster: A State Government may use up to 10 percent of the funds available under the SDRF for providing immediate relief to the victims of natural disasters that they consider to be ‘disasters’ within the local context in the State and which are not included in the notified list of disasters of the Ministry of Home Affairs subject to the condition that the State Government has listed the State specific natural disasters and notified clear and transparent norms and guidelines for such disasters with the approval of the State Authority, i.e., the State Executive Authority (SEC).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

Explanation:

• SDRF has been constituted by each state under the provisions of Disaster Management act 2005.

• It was constituted based on the recommendations of the 13th Finance Commission.

• Funding: The Central Government contributes 75% of SDRF allocation for general category States/UTs and 90% for special category States/UTs.

• Heads: The state executive committee headed by the Chief Secretary is authorized to decide on all matters relating to the financing of the relief expenditure from the SDRF.

• Disaster (s) covered under SDRF: Cyclone, drought, earthquake, fire, flood, tsunami, hailstorm, landslide, avalanche, cloudburst, pest attack, frost and cold waves.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF). NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”. The relief activities for all the calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs. NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation. How many of the above statements given is/are correct? (a) Only One (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: National Disaster Response Fund is defined in Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act) as a fund managed by the Central Government for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation due to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. NDRF is constituted to supplement the funds of the State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) of the states to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature. The DM Act defines “disaster” to mean ‘a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.’ NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation. For projects exclusively for the purpose of mitigation, i.e, measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effect of a disaster or threatening disaster situation a separate fund called National Disaster Mitigation Fund has to be constituted. NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) monitors relief activities for calamities associated with drought, hailstorms, pest attacks and cold wave /frost while the rest of the natural calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: National Disaster Response Fund is defined in Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act) as a fund managed by the Central Government for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation due to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. NDRF is constituted to supplement the funds of the State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) of the states to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature. The DM Act defines “disaster” to mean ‘a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.’ NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation. For projects exclusively for the purpose of mitigation, i.e, measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effect of a disaster or threatening disaster situation a separate fund called National Disaster Mitigation Fund has to be constituted. NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) monitors relief activities for calamities associated with drought, hailstorms, pest attacks and cold wave /frost while the rest of the natural calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF).

• NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”. The relief activities for all the calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs. NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.

• NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”.

• The relief activities for all the calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs.

• NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.

How many of the above statements given is/are correct?

• (a) Only One

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• National Disaster Response Fund is defined in Section 46 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DM Act) as a fund managed by the Central Government for meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation due to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. NDRF is constituted to supplement the funds of the State Disaster Response Funds (SDRF) of the states to facilitate immediate relief in case of calamities of a severe nature.

• The DM Act defines “disaster” to mean ‘a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.’

• NDRF amount can be spent only towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation. For projects exclusively for the purpose of mitigation, i.e, measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effect of a disaster or threatening disaster situation a separate fund called National Disaster Mitigation Fund has to be constituted.

• NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”.

• The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) monitors relief activities for calamities associated with drought, hailstorms, pest attacks and cold wave /frost while the rest of the natural calamities are monitored by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

Explanation:

• NDRF is located in the “Public Accounts” of Government of India under “Reserve Funds not bearing interest”.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/03/26/kerala-man-animal-conflict-declared-as-a-state-specific-disaster/

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