UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 27 January 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points What is the primary purpose of the Sanjay Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS)? a) To integrate missile defense systems across the Indian Army. b) To enhance border patrolling by deploying advanced drone systems. c) To create a real-time Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) for better decision-making. d) To replace traditional radar systems with satellite-based surveillance. Correct Solution: c) The primary objective of the Sanjay Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is to integrate real-time inputs from various sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) for enhanced situational awareness and decision-making. About Sanjay – The Battlefield Surveillance System: What is Sanjay? Sanjay is an automated battlefield surveillance system designed to integrate real-time inputs from ground and aerial sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP). This technology allows commanders to make informed decisions swiftly in conventional and sub-conventional warfare scenarios. Developed by: Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities. Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore. Aim: Enhance battlefield transparency: Provide a real-time surveillance picture for accurate analysis and quicker decision-making. Strengthen intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities: Improve situational awareness across vast terrains and borders. Support Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance): Showcase India’s growing expertise in defense technology. How it works: Integration of Data: Collects data from multiple battlefield sensors (ground and aerial). Processing and Verification: Processes data to eliminate duplication and confirm accuracy. Real-time Analysis: Generates a centralized Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) accessible through secured Army Data and Satellite Communication Networks. Decision Support: Assists Command & Army Headquarters in decision-making through a centralized web application. Features Real-Time Data Integration: Inputs from multiple sources are seamlessly processed into one platform. Advanced Analytics: Equipped with cutting-edge analytics to ensure accurate threat detection and situational assessments. Enhanced Surveillance: Monitors borders, detects intrusions, and provides unparalleled intelligence capabilities. Network-Centric Operations: Functions within a secure and integrated data and satellite network environment. Indigenous Technology: Fully developed in India, contributing to defense self-reliance under the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ initiative. Deployment Timeline: Induction into all operational brigades, divisions, and corps in three phases (March-October 2025). Operational Versatility: Designed for both conventional and sub-conventional operations. Incorrect Solution: c) The primary objective of the Sanjay Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is to integrate real-time inputs from various sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) for enhanced situational awareness and decision-making. About Sanjay – The Battlefield Surveillance System: What is Sanjay? Sanjay is an automated battlefield surveillance system designed to integrate real-time inputs from ground and aerial sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP). This technology allows commanders to make informed decisions swiftly in conventional and sub-conventional warfare scenarios. Developed by: Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities. Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore. Aim: Enhance battlefield transparency: Provide a real-time surveillance picture for accurate analysis and quicker decision-making. Strengthen intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities: Improve situational awareness across vast terrains and borders. Support Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance): Showcase India’s growing expertise in defense technology. How it works: Integration of Data: Collects data from multiple battlefield sensors (ground and aerial). Processing and Verification: Processes data to eliminate duplication and confirm accuracy. Real-time Analysis: Generates a centralized Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) accessible through secured Army Data and Satellite Communication Networks. Decision Support: Assists Command & Army Headquarters in decision-making through a centralized web application. Features Real-Time Data Integration: Inputs from multiple sources are seamlessly processed into one platform. Advanced Analytics: Equipped with cutting-edge analytics to ensure accurate threat detection and situational assessments. Enhanced Surveillance: Monitors borders, detects intrusions, and provides unparalleled intelligence capabilities. Network-Centric Operations: Functions within a secure and integrated data and satellite network environment. Indigenous Technology: Fully developed in India, contributing to defense self-reliance under the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ initiative. Deployment Timeline: Induction into all operational brigades, divisions, and corps in three phases (March-October 2025). Operational Versatility: Designed for both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

#### 1. Question

What is the primary purpose of the Sanjay Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS)?

• a) To integrate missile defense systems across the Indian Army.

• b) To enhance border patrolling by deploying advanced drone systems.

• c) To create a real-time Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) for better decision-making.

• d) To replace traditional radar systems with satellite-based surveillance.

Solution: c)

The primary objective of the Sanjay Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is to integrate real-time inputs from various sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) for enhanced situational awareness and decision-making.

About Sanjay – The Battlefield Surveillance System:

• What is Sanjay?

Sanjay is an automated battlefield surveillance system designed to integrate real-time inputs from ground and aerial sensors to create a Common Surveillance Picture (CSP). This technology allows commanders to make informed decisions swiftly in conventional and sub-conventional warfare scenarios.

• Developed by: Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

• Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities. Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore.

• Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities.

• Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore.

• Enhance battlefield transparency: Provide a real-time surveillance picture for accurate analysis and quicker decision-making. Strengthen intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities: Improve situational awareness across vast terrains and borders. Support Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance): Showcase India’s growing expertise in defense technology.

• Enhance battlefield transparency: Provide a real-time surveillance picture for accurate analysis and quicker decision-making.

• Strengthen intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities: Improve situational awareness across vast terrains and borders.

• Support Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance): Showcase India’s growing expertise in defense technology.

• How it works:

• Integration of Data: Collects data from multiple battlefield sensors (ground and aerial). Processing and Verification: Processes data to eliminate duplication and confirm accuracy. Real-time Analysis: Generates a centralized Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) accessible through secured Army Data and Satellite Communication Networks. Decision Support: Assists Command & Army Headquarters in decision-making through a centralized web application.

• Integration of Data: Collects data from multiple battlefield sensors (ground and aerial).

• Processing and Verification: Processes data to eliminate duplication and confirm accuracy.

• Real-time Analysis: Generates a centralized Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) accessible through secured Army Data and Satellite Communication Networks.

• Decision Support: Assists Command & Army Headquarters in decision-making through a centralized web application.

• Features

• Real-Time Data Integration: Inputs from multiple sources are seamlessly processed into one platform. Advanced Analytics: Equipped with cutting-edge analytics to ensure accurate threat detection and situational assessments. Enhanced Surveillance: Monitors borders, detects intrusions, and provides unparalleled intelligence capabilities. Network-Centric Operations: Functions within a secure and integrated data and satellite network environment. Indigenous Technology: Fully developed in India, contributing to defense self-reliance under the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ initiative. Deployment Timeline: Induction into all operational brigades, divisions, and corps in three phases (March-October 2025). Operational Versatility: Designed for both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

• Real-Time Data Integration: Inputs from multiple sources are seamlessly processed into one platform.

• Advanced Analytics: Equipped with cutting-edge analytics to ensure accurate threat detection and situational assessments.

• Enhanced Surveillance: Monitors borders, detects intrusions, and provides unparalleled intelligence capabilities.

• Network-Centric Operations: Functions within a secure and integrated data and satellite network environment.

• Indigenous Technology: Fully developed in India, contributing to defense self-reliance under the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ initiative.

• Deployment Timeline: Induction into all operational brigades, divisions, and corps in three phases (March-October 2025).

• Operational Versatility: Designed for both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

Solution: c)

About Sanjay – The Battlefield Surveillance System:

• What is Sanjay?

• Developed by: Indian Army and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

• Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities. Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore.

• Developed under the Buy (Indian) category to promote indigenous defense capabilities.

• Total development cost: ₹2,402 crore.

• Enhance battlefield transparency: Provide a real-time surveillance picture for accurate analysis and quicker decision-making.

• Strengthen intelligence and reconnaissance capabilities: Improve situational awareness across vast terrains and borders.

• Support Aatmanirbharta (self-reliance): Showcase India’s growing expertise in defense technology.

• How it works:

• Integration of Data: Collects data from multiple battlefield sensors (ground and aerial).

• Processing and Verification: Processes data to eliminate duplication and confirm accuracy.

• Real-time Analysis: Generates a centralized Common Surveillance Picture (CSP) accessible through secured Army Data and Satellite Communication Networks.

• Decision Support: Assists Command & Army Headquarters in decision-making through a centralized web application.

• Features

• Real-Time Data Integration: Inputs from multiple sources are seamlessly processed into one platform.

• Advanced Analytics: Equipped with cutting-edge analytics to ensure accurate threat detection and situational assessments.

• Enhanced Surveillance: Monitors borders, detects intrusions, and provides unparalleled intelligence capabilities.

• Network-Centric Operations: Functions within a secure and integrated data and satellite network environment.

• Indigenous Technology: Fully developed in India, contributing to defense self-reliance under the ‘Year of Technology Absorption’ initiative.

• Deployment Timeline: Induction into all operational brigades, divisions, and corps in three phases (March-October 2025).

• Operational Versatility: Designed for both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points The primary aim of the Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is: a) To generate hydroelectric power for Tamil Nadu. b) To regulate water sharing between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. c) To divert surplus floodwater for irrigation and water conservation. d) To establish water transport channels across Tamil Nadu. Correct Solution: c) The Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is designed to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to drought-prone areas for irrigation and water conservation. About Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project: What is the Project? A Tamil Nadu initiative to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to dry tanks in the Sarabanga Basin, Salem district. Aims to ensure efficient water use for agriculture and replenish water bodies in drought-prone areas. States involved: Tamil Nadu: Seeks to implement the project for agricultural and drinking water needs. Karnataka: Opposes the project, claiming it diverts excess Cauvery water, infringing upon its allocated share. Significance Agricultural Support: Addresses irrigation needs in Tamil Nadu’s dry regions. Water Management: Reduces water wastage by utilizing surplus water from floods. Dispute Implications: Raises interstate water-sharing concerns, highlighting the importance of federal cooperation Incorrect Solution: c) The Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is designed to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to drought-prone areas for irrigation and water conservation. About Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project: What is the Project? A Tamil Nadu initiative to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to dry tanks in the Sarabanga Basin, Salem district. Aims to ensure efficient water use for agriculture and replenish water bodies in drought-prone areas. States involved: Tamil Nadu: Seeks to implement the project for agricultural and drinking water needs. Karnataka: Opposes the project, claiming it diverts excess Cauvery water, infringing upon its allocated share. Significance Agricultural Support: Addresses irrigation needs in Tamil Nadu’s dry regions. Water Management: Reduces water wastage by utilizing surplus water from floods. Dispute Implications: Raises interstate water-sharing concerns, highlighting the importance of federal cooperation

#### 2. Question

The primary aim of the Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is:

• a) To generate hydroelectric power for Tamil Nadu.

• b) To regulate water sharing between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

• c) To divert surplus floodwater for irrigation and water conservation.

• d) To establish water transport channels across Tamil Nadu.

Solution: c)

The Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is designed to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to drought-prone areas for irrigation and water conservation.

About Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project:

• What is the Project?

• A Tamil Nadu initiative to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to dry tanks in the Sarabanga Basin, Salem district. Aims to ensure efficient water use for agriculture and replenish water bodies in drought-prone areas.

• A Tamil Nadu initiative to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to dry tanks in the Sarabanga Basin, Salem district.

• Aims to ensure efficient water use for agriculture and replenish water bodies in drought-prone areas.

• States involved:

• Tamil Nadu: Seeks to implement the project for agricultural and drinking water needs. Karnataka: Opposes the project, claiming it diverts excess Cauvery water, infringing upon its allocated share.

• Tamil Nadu: Seeks to implement the project for agricultural and drinking water needs.

• Karnataka: Opposes the project, claiming it diverts excess Cauvery water, infringing upon its allocated share.

• Significance

• Agricultural Support: Addresses irrigation needs in Tamil Nadu’s dry regions. Water Management: Reduces water wastage by utilizing surplus water from floods. Dispute Implications: Raises interstate water-sharing concerns, highlighting the importance of federal cooperation

• Agricultural Support: Addresses irrigation needs in Tamil Nadu’s dry regions.

• Water Management: Reduces water wastage by utilizing surplus water from floods.

• Dispute Implications: Raises interstate water-sharing concerns, highlighting the importance of federal cooperation

Solution: c)

The Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project is designed to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to drought-prone areas for irrigation and water conservation.

About Cauvery-South Vellar Link Project:

• What is the Project?

• A Tamil Nadu initiative to divert surplus floodwater from the Mettur Dam to dry tanks in the Sarabanga Basin, Salem district.

• Aims to ensure efficient water use for agriculture and replenish water bodies in drought-prone areas.

• States involved:

• Tamil Nadu: Seeks to implement the project for agricultural and drinking water needs.

• Karnataka: Opposes the project, claiming it diverts excess Cauvery water, infringing upon its allocated share.

• Significance

• Agricultural Support: Addresses irrigation needs in Tamil Nadu’s dry regions.

• Water Management: Reduces water wastage by utilizing surplus water from floods.

• Dispute Implications: Raises interstate water-sharing concerns, highlighting the importance of federal cooperation

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points The “Sachetisation Plan,” as introduced by SEBI, primarily targets: a) High-net-worth individuals investing in equity markets. b) Foreign portfolio investors. c) Institutional investors in debt instruments. d) Low-income groups investing in mutual funds. Correct Solution: d) The Sachetisation Plan aims to enable low-income groups to access mutual funds through affordable small-ticket investments, democratizing financial inclusion. About Sachetisation of Mutual Fund Investments: What is Sachetisation? A strategy inspired by FMCG products offering small, affordable units (e.g., shampoo sachets) to penetrate price-sensitive markets. Applied to financial services, it allows low-income investors to enter mutual funds through smaller, affordable investments. Need for Sachetisation: Financial Inclusion: Targets underserved, low-income groups to enable investment in mutual funds. Addressing Barriers: Overcomes the high entry costs of traditional mutual fund SIPs. Market Deepening: Expands the retail investor base in equity markets, stabilizing market flows against foreign investor volatility. Aim of Sachetisation: Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products. Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors. How it works: Minimum SIP Amount: ₹250/month (targeted at new mutual fund investors). Eligibility Criteria: Available for new investors only. Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs). Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility. Commitment Period: Investors encouraged to commit to 5 years (60 instalments), but premature withdrawal is allowed. Technology-Driven Process: Investments through UPI auto pay or NACH to minimize costs. Incorrect Solution: d) The Sachetisation Plan aims to enable low-income groups to access mutual funds through affordable small-ticket investments, democratizing financial inclusion. About Sachetisation of Mutual Fund Investments: What is Sachetisation? A strategy inspired by FMCG products offering small, affordable units (e.g., shampoo sachets) to penetrate price-sensitive markets. Applied to financial services, it allows low-income investors to enter mutual funds through smaller, affordable investments. Need for Sachetisation: Financial Inclusion: Targets underserved, low-income groups to enable investment in mutual funds. Addressing Barriers: Overcomes the high entry costs of traditional mutual fund SIPs. Market Deepening: Expands the retail investor base in equity markets, stabilizing market flows against foreign investor volatility. Aim of Sachetisation: Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products. Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors. How it works: Minimum SIP Amount: ₹250/month (targeted at new mutual fund investors). Eligibility Criteria: Available for new investors only. Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs). Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility. Commitment Period: Investors encouraged to commit to 5 years (60 instalments), but premature withdrawal is allowed. Technology-Driven Process: Investments through UPI auto pay or NACH to minimize costs.

#### 3. Question

The “Sachetisation Plan,” as introduced by SEBI, primarily targets:

• a) High-net-worth individuals investing in equity markets.

• b) Foreign portfolio investors.

• c) Institutional investors in debt instruments.

• d) Low-income groups investing in mutual funds.

Solution: d)

The Sachetisation Plan aims to enable low-income groups to access mutual funds through affordable small-ticket investments, democratizing financial inclusion.

About Sachetisation of Mutual Fund Investments:

• What is Sachetisation?

• A strategy inspired by FMCG products offering small, affordable units (e.g., shampoo sachets) to penetrate price-sensitive markets. Applied to financial services, it allows low-income investors to enter mutual funds through smaller, affordable investments.

• A strategy inspired by FMCG products offering small, affordable units (e.g., shampoo sachets) to penetrate price-sensitive markets.

• Applied to financial services, it allows low-income investors to enter mutual funds through smaller, affordable investments.

• Need for Sachetisation:

• Financial Inclusion: Targets underserved, low-income groups to enable investment in mutual funds. Addressing Barriers: Overcomes the high entry costs of traditional mutual fund SIPs. Market Deepening: Expands the retail investor base in equity markets, stabilizing market flows against foreign investor volatility.

• Financial Inclusion: Targets underserved, low-income groups to enable investment in mutual funds.

• Addressing Barriers: Overcomes the high entry costs of traditional mutual fund SIPs.

• Market Deepening: Expands the retail investor base in equity markets, stabilizing market flows against foreign investor volatility.

• Aim of Sachetisation:

• Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products. Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors.

• Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products.

• Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors.

• How it works:

• Minimum SIP Amount: ₹250/month (targeted at new mutual fund investors). Eligibility Criteria: Available for new investors only. Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs). Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility. Commitment Period: Investors encouraged to commit to 5 years (60 instalments), but premature withdrawal is allowed. Technology-Driven Process: Investments through UPI auto pay or NACH to minimize costs.

• Minimum SIP Amount: ₹250/month (targeted at new mutual fund investors).

• Eligibility Criteria: Available for new investors only. Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs).

• Available for new investors only.

• Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs).

• Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility.

• Commitment Period: Investors encouraged to commit to 5 years (60 instalments), but premature withdrawal is allowed.

• Technology-Driven Process: Investments through UPI auto pay or NACH to minimize costs.

Solution: d)

The Sachetisation Plan aims to enable low-income groups to access mutual funds through affordable small-ticket investments, democratizing financial inclusion.

About Sachetisation of Mutual Fund Investments:

• What is Sachetisation?

• A strategy inspired by FMCG products offering small, affordable units (e.g., shampoo sachets) to penetrate price-sensitive markets.

• Applied to financial services, it allows low-income investors to enter mutual funds through smaller, affordable investments.

• Need for Sachetisation:

• Financial Inclusion: Targets underserved, low-income groups to enable investment in mutual funds.

• Addressing Barriers: Overcomes the high entry costs of traditional mutual fund SIPs.

• Market Deepening: Expands the retail investor base in equity markets, stabilizing market flows against foreign investor volatility.

• Aim of Sachetisation:

• Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products. Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors.

• Encourage small-ticket SIP investments to democratize access to financial products.

• Foster long-term savings and wealth creation, particularly for low-income investors.

• How it works:

• Minimum SIP Amount: ₹250/month (targeted at new mutual fund investors).

• Eligibility Criteria: Available for new investors only. Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs).

• Available for new investors only.

• Maximum of three ₹250 SIPs per investor across asset management companies (AMCs).

• Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility.

• Commitment Period: Investors encouraged to commit to 5 years (60 instalments), but premature withdrawal is allowed.

• Technology-Driven Process: Investments through UPI auto pay or NACH to minimize costs.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following are characteristic symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Difficulty maintaining focus on tasks or activities. Excessive energy and physical restlessness. Chronic memory loss. Acting without considering consequences. Select the correct answer: a) 1, 2, and 4 only b) 1, 2, and 3 only c) 2, 3, and 4 only d) All of the above Correct Solution: a) Difficulty focusing (1), restlessness (2), and impulsivity (4) are hallmark symptoms of ADHD. Chronic memory loss (3) is not typically associated with ADHD; rather, ADHD involves forgetfulness related to inattention. About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): What is ADHD? A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood. Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide. Causes: Genetics: Family history significantly increases the risk. Brain Structure: Alterations in the brain regions responsible for attention and behaviour regulation. Prenatal Factors: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy. Environmental Factors: Lead exposure and low birth weight. Symptoms: Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, frequent mistakes, or being easily distracted. Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive movement, or inability to stay still in quiet situations. Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, acting without thinking, and engaging in risky behaviours. Treatment: Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine). Behavioural Therapy: Focuses on developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills. Lifestyle Changes: Balanced diet and regular exercise. Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood. Counselling: Helps manage impulsivity, risky behaviours, and emotional difficulties. Incorrect Solution: a) Difficulty focusing (1), restlessness (2), and impulsivity (4) are hallmark symptoms of ADHD. Chronic memory loss (3) is not typically associated with ADHD; rather, ADHD involves forgetfulness related to inattention. About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): What is ADHD? A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood. Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide. Causes: Genetics: Family history significantly increases the risk. Brain Structure: Alterations in the brain regions responsible for attention and behaviour regulation. Prenatal Factors: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy. Environmental Factors: Lead exposure and low birth weight. Symptoms: Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, frequent mistakes, or being easily distracted. Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive movement, or inability to stay still in quiet situations. Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, acting without thinking, and engaging in risky behaviours. Treatment: Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine). Behavioural Therapy: Focuses on developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills. Lifestyle Changes: Balanced diet and regular exercise. Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood. Counselling: Helps manage impulsivity, risky behaviours, and emotional difficulties.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following are characteristic symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

• Difficulty maintaining focus on tasks or activities.

• Excessive energy and physical restlessness.

• Chronic memory loss.

• Acting without considering consequences.

Select the correct answer:

• a) 1, 2, and 4 only

• b) 1, 2, and 3 only

• c) 2, 3, and 4 only

• d) All of the above

Solution: a)

Difficulty focusing (1), restlessness (2), and impulsivity (4) are hallmark symptoms of ADHD. Chronic memory loss (3) is not typically associated with ADHD; rather, ADHD involves forgetfulness related to inattention.

About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):

• What is ADHD?

• A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood. Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide.

• A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

• Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood.

• Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide.

• Causes:

• Genetics: Family history significantly increases the risk. Brain Structure: Alterations in the brain regions responsible for attention and behaviour regulation. Prenatal Factors: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy. Environmental Factors: Lead exposure and low birth weight.

• Genetics: Family history significantly increases the risk.

• Brain Structure: Alterations in the brain regions responsible for attention and behaviour regulation.

• Prenatal Factors: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy.

• Environmental Factors: Lead exposure and low birth weight.

• Symptoms:

• Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, frequent mistakes, or being easily distracted. Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive movement, or inability to stay still in quiet situations. Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, acting without thinking, and engaging in risky behaviours.

• Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, frequent mistakes, or being easily distracted.

• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive movement, or inability to stay still in quiet situations.

• Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, acting without thinking, and engaging in risky behaviours.

• Treatment:

• Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine). Behavioural Therapy: Focuses on developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills. Lifestyle Changes: Balanced diet and regular exercise. Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood. Counselling: Helps manage impulsivity, risky behaviours, and emotional difficulties.

• Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine).

• Behavioural Therapy: Focuses on developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills.

• Lifestyle Changes: Balanced diet and regular exercise. Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood.

• Balanced diet and regular exercise.

• Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood.

• Counselling: Helps manage impulsivity, risky behaviours, and emotional difficulties.

Solution: a)

About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):

• What is ADHD?

• A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood. Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide.

• A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting focus, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

• Commonly diagnosed in childhood but often persists into adulthood.

• Impacts 3-4% of adults worldwide.

• Causes:

• Genetics: Family history significantly increases the risk.

• Brain Structure: Alterations in the brain regions responsible for attention and behaviour regulation.

• Prenatal Factors: Exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy.

• Environmental Factors: Lead exposure and low birth weight.

• Symptoms:

• Inattention: Difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, frequent mistakes, or being easily distracted.

• Hyperactivity: Restlessness, excessive movement, or inability to stay still in quiet situations.

• Impulsivity: Interrupting conversations, acting without thinking, and engaging in risky behaviours.

• Treatment:

• Medication: Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) and non-stimulants (e.g., atomoxetine).

• Behavioural Therapy: Focuses on developing coping mechanisms and organizational skills.

• Lifestyle Changes: Balanced diet and regular exercise. Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood.

• Balanced diet and regular exercise.

• Adequate sleep to improve focus and mood.

• Counselling: Helps manage impulsivity, risky behaviours, and emotional difficulties.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Black Panthers: They are found across Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The presence of melanism makes black panthers a separate subspecies. Black leopards are more common in dense tropical rainforests due to better camouflage. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Black panthers (melanistic leopards or jaguars) are found across Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and their dark color provides better camouflage in dense forests. Statement 2 is incorrect because black panthers are not a separate subspecies but a melanistic variant. What is a Black Panther? The black panther, a colloquial term for melanistic (dark-colored) large felines in the genus Panthera, is known for its striking black fur and mysterious allure. Scientific Names: Black Leopard: Panthera pardus. Black Jaguar: Panthera onca. Habitat: Found across three continents: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Commonly inhabit dense tropical rainforests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. Global Range: Southwest China, Southern India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma. Indian Range: Found in Kabini Forest (Karnataka), Nagarhole National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, and Sundarbans. Characteristics: Physical Features: Glossy black or dark brown fur with faint spotted patterns visible in sunlight. Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness. Behavioural Traits: Solitary and territorial hunters. Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell. Males are polygamous in nature. Why Black Color? Melanism results from specific genetic alleles: Recessive alleles in leopards. Dominant alleles in jaguars. The high concentration of melanin creates their dark fur, aiding camouflage in dense forests. Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable. CITES: Appendix I (strictly regulated trade). Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (maximum protection). Threats: Habitat loss, poaching, and declining prey populations. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Black panthers (melanistic leopards or jaguars) are found across Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and their dark color provides better camouflage in dense forests. Statement 2 is incorrect because black panthers are not a separate subspecies but a melanistic variant. What is a Black Panther? The black panther, a colloquial term for melanistic (dark-colored) large felines in the genus Panthera, is known for its striking black fur and mysterious allure. Scientific Names: Black Leopard: Panthera pardus. Black Jaguar: Panthera onca. Habitat: Found across three continents: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Commonly inhabit dense tropical rainforests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. Global Range: Southwest China, Southern India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma. Indian Range: Found in Kabini Forest (Karnataka), Nagarhole National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, and Sundarbans. Characteristics: Physical Features: Glossy black or dark brown fur with faint spotted patterns visible in sunlight. Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness. Behavioural Traits: Solitary and territorial hunters. Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell. Males are polygamous in nature. Why Black Color? Melanism results from specific genetic alleles: Recessive alleles in leopards. Dominant alleles in jaguars. The high concentration of melanin creates their dark fur, aiding camouflage in dense forests. Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable. CITES: Appendix I (strictly regulated trade). Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (maximum protection). Threats: Habitat loss, poaching, and declining prey populations.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about Black Panthers:

• They are found across Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

• The presence of melanism makes black panthers a separate subspecies.

• Black leopards are more common in dense tropical rainforests due to better camouflage.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Black panthers (melanistic leopards or jaguars) are found across Asia, Africa, and the Americas, and their dark color provides better camouflage in dense forests. Statement 2 is incorrect because black panthers are not a separate subspecies but a melanistic variant.

• What is a Black Panther? The black panther, a colloquial term for melanistic (dark-colored) large felines in the genus Panthera, is known for its striking black fur and mysterious allure.

• The black panther, a colloquial term for melanistic (dark-colored) large felines in the genus Panthera, is known for its striking black fur and mysterious allure.

• Scientific Names: Black Leopard: Panthera pardus. Black Jaguar: Panthera onca.

• Black Leopard: Panthera pardus.

• Black Jaguar: Panthera onca.

• Habitat:

• Found across three continents: Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Commonly inhabit dense tropical rainforests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. Global Range: Southwest China, Southern India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma. Indian Range: Found in Kabini Forest (Karnataka), Nagarhole National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, and Sundarbans.

• Found across three continents: Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

• Commonly inhabit dense tropical rainforests, grasslands, and mountainous regions.

• Global Range: Southwest China, Southern India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma.

• Indian Range: Found in Kabini Forest (Karnataka), Nagarhole National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, and Sundarbans.

• Characteristics:

• Physical Features: Glossy black or dark brown fur with faint spotted patterns visible in sunlight. Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness. Behavioural Traits: Solitary and territorial hunters. Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell. Males are polygamous in nature.

• Physical Features: Glossy black or dark brown fur with faint spotted patterns visible in sunlight. Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness.

• Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness.

• Behavioural Traits: Solitary and territorial hunters. Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell. Males are polygamous in nature.

• Solitary and territorial hunters.

• Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell.

• Males are polygamous in nature.

• Why Black Color? Melanism results from specific genetic alleles: Recessive alleles in leopards. Dominant alleles in jaguars. The high concentration of melanin creates their dark fur, aiding camouflage in dense forests.

• Melanism results from specific genetic alleles: Recessive alleles in leopards. Dominant alleles in jaguars.

• Recessive alleles in leopards.

• Dominant alleles in jaguars.

• The high concentration of melanin creates their dark fur, aiding camouflage in dense forests.

• Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable. CITES: Appendix I (strictly regulated trade). Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (maximum protection). Threats: Habitat loss, poaching, and declining prey populations.

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable.

• CITES: Appendix I (strictly regulated trade).

• Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (maximum protection).

• Threats: Habitat loss, poaching, and declining prey populations.

Solution: b)

• The black panther, a colloquial term for melanistic (dark-colored) large felines in the genus Panthera, is known for its striking black fur and mysterious allure.

• Scientific Names: Black Leopard: Panthera pardus. Black Jaguar: Panthera onca.

• Black Leopard: Panthera pardus.

• Black Jaguar: Panthera onca.

• Habitat:

• Found across three continents: Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

• Commonly inhabit dense tropical rainforests, grasslands, and mountainous regions.

• Global Range: Southwest China, Southern India, Nepal, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma.

• Indian Range: Found in Kabini Forest (Karnataka), Nagarhole National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Silent Valley, and Sundarbans.

• Characteristics:

• Physical Features: Glossy black or dark brown fur with faint spotted patterns visible in sunlight. Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness.

• Eyes: Striking emerald green, giving a fierce and elegant look even in darkness.

• Behavioural Traits: Solitary and territorial hunters. Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell. Males are polygamous in nature.

• Solitary and territorial hunters.

• Known for exceptional intelligence, sharp eyesight, and strong sense of smell.

• Males are polygamous in nature.

• Melanism results from specific genetic alleles: Recessive alleles in leopards. Dominant alleles in jaguars.

• Recessive alleles in leopards.

• Dominant alleles in jaguars.

• The high concentration of melanin creates their dark fur, aiding camouflage in dense forests.

• Conservation Status:

• IUCN Red List: Vulnerable.

• CITES: Appendix I (strictly regulated trade).

• Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (maximum protection).

• Threats: Habitat loss, poaching, and declining prey populations.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about National Voters’ Day: It aims to encourage first-time voters to participate in elections. It was first observed in 1951, coinciding with India’s first general elections. The Election Commission of India presents Best Electoral Practices Awards on this day. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. National Voters’ Day encourages first-time voters and includes the presentation of Best Electoral Practices Awards. Statement 2 is incorrect as it was first observed in 2011, not 1951. About 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD): Why celebrated: The day commemorates the establishment of the Election Commission of India (ECI) on January 25, 1950, the day before India became a Republic. Aim: To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy. To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process. Theme for 2025: “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure.” This theme emphasizes the pride and responsibility of voting, continuing the focus on increasing electoral participation, as highlighted in the previous year’s theme. Features: Best Electoral Practices Awards: Presented by the President of India to District Election Officers, Superintendents of Police, and states excelling in election management. Publications Unveiled: Launch of ECI’s coffee table book, “India Votes 2024: A Saga of Democracy”. Release of “Belief in the Ballot: Human Stories Shaping India’s 2024 Elections”, showcasing inspiring voter participation stories. Voter Awareness Initiatives: Special focus on young and first-time voters, encouraging them to actively engage in the electoral process. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. National Voters’ Day encourages first-time voters and includes the presentation of Best Electoral Practices Awards. Statement 2 is incorrect as it was first observed in 2011, not 1951. About 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD): Why celebrated: The day commemorates the establishment of the Election Commission of India (ECI) on January 25, 1950, the day before India became a Republic. Aim: To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy. To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process. Theme for 2025: “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure.” This theme emphasizes the pride and responsibility of voting, continuing the focus on increasing electoral participation, as highlighted in the previous year’s theme. Features: Best Electoral Practices Awards: Presented by the President of India to District Election Officers, Superintendents of Police, and states excelling in election management. Publications Unveiled: Launch of ECI’s coffee table book, “India Votes 2024: A Saga of Democracy”. Release of “Belief in the Ballot: Human Stories Shaping India’s 2024 Elections”, showcasing inspiring voter participation stories. Voter Awareness Initiatives: Special focus on young and first-time voters, encouraging them to actively engage in the electoral process.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about National Voters’ Day:

• It aims to encourage first-time voters to participate in elections.

• It was first observed in 1951, coinciding with India’s first general elections.

• The Election Commission of India presents Best Electoral Practices Awards on this day.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. National Voters’ Day encourages first-time voters and includes the presentation of Best Electoral Practices Awards. Statement 2 is incorrect as it was first observed in 2011, not 1951.

About 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD):

• Why celebrated: The day commemorates the establishment of the Election Commission of India (ECI) on January 25, 1950, the day before India became a Republic.

• To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy. To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process.

• To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy.

• To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process.

• Theme for 2025: “Nothing Like Voting, I Vote for Sure.” This theme emphasizes the pride and responsibility of voting, continuing the focus on increasing electoral participation, as highlighted in the previous year’s theme.

• This theme emphasizes the pride and responsibility of voting, continuing the focus on increasing electoral participation, as highlighted in the previous year’s theme.

Features:

• Best Electoral Practices Awards: Presented by the President of India to District Election Officers, Superintendents of Police, and states excelling in election management.

• Publications Unveiled: Launch of ECI’s coffee table book, “India Votes 2024: A Saga of Democracy”. Release of “Belief in the Ballot: Human Stories Shaping India’s 2024 Elections”, showcasing inspiring voter participation stories.

• Launch of ECI’s coffee table book, “India Votes 2024: A Saga of Democracy”.

• Release of “Belief in the Ballot: Human Stories Shaping India’s 2024 Elections”, showcasing inspiring voter participation stories.

• Voter Awareness Initiatives: Special focus on young and first-time voters, encouraging them to actively engage in the electoral process.

Solution: b)

About 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD):

• Why celebrated: The day commemorates the establishment of the Election Commission of India (ECI) on January 25, 1950, the day before India became a Republic.

• To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy. To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process.

• To create awareness about the importance of voting in a democracy.

• To inspire citizens, especially first-time voters, to actively participate in the electoral process.

• This theme emphasizes the pride and responsibility of voting, continuing the focus on increasing electoral participation, as highlighted in the previous year’s theme.

Features:

• Best Electoral Practices Awards: Presented by the President of India to District Election Officers, Superintendents of Police, and states excelling in election management.

• Launch of ECI’s coffee table book, “India Votes 2024: A Saga of Democracy”.

• Release of “Belief in the Ballot: Human Stories Shaping India’s 2024 Elections”, showcasing inspiring voter participation stories.

• Voter Awareness Initiatives: Special focus on young and first-time voters, encouraging them to actively engage in the electoral process.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025 evaluates the fiscal health of Indian states using which of the following sub-indices? a) Fiscal Deficit, Debt Ratio, and GSDP Growth b) Revenue Deficit, Capital Expenditure, and Population Density c) Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, and Debt d) Inflation Rate, Unemployment, and Industrial Growth Correct Solution: c) The FHI 2025 evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability. About Fiscal Health Index 2025: Developed by: NITI Aayog, with data sourced from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). Base Year: 2022-23 fiscal data is the reference year for rankings and analysis. Aim: To evaluate fiscal health, highlight interstate disparities, and encourage targeted interventions for improving fiscal performance and governance. Criteria used: The FHI evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure: Efficiency in capital and social sector spending. Revenue Mobilization: States’ ability to generate revenue from taxes and other sources. Fiscal Prudence: Adherence to fiscal deficit targets and financial management. Debt Index: States’ total debt burden. Debt Sustainability: Debt-to-GSDP ratio and interest burden on revenue. Key Features: Tracks fiscal trends from 2014-15 to 2022-23. Focuses on 18 major states driving India’s economy. Provides state-specific insights for policy interventions. Highlights top achievers and aspirational states to promote healthy competition. Aligns with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat @2047. Incorrect Solution: c) The FHI 2025 evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability. About Fiscal Health Index 2025: Developed by: NITI Aayog, with data sourced from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). Base Year: 2022-23 fiscal data is the reference year for rankings and analysis. Aim: To evaluate fiscal health, highlight interstate disparities, and encourage targeted interventions for improving fiscal performance and governance. Criteria used: The FHI evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure: Efficiency in capital and social sector spending. Revenue Mobilization: States’ ability to generate revenue from taxes and other sources. Fiscal Prudence: Adherence to fiscal deficit targets and financial management. Debt Index: States’ total debt burden. Debt Sustainability: Debt-to-GSDP ratio and interest burden on revenue. Key Features: Tracks fiscal trends from 2014-15 to 2022-23. Focuses on 18 major states driving India’s economy. Provides state-specific insights for policy interventions. Highlights top achievers and aspirational states to promote healthy competition. Aligns with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat @2047.

#### 7. Question

The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025 evaluates the fiscal health of Indian states using which of the following sub-indices?

• a) Fiscal Deficit, Debt Ratio, and GSDP Growth

• b) Revenue Deficit, Capital Expenditure, and Population Density

• c) Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, and Debt

• d) Inflation Rate, Unemployment, and Industrial Growth

Solution: c)

The FHI 2025 evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability.

About Fiscal Health Index 2025:

• Developed by: NITI Aayog, with data sourced from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).

• Base Year: 2022-23 fiscal data is the reference year for rankings and analysis.

• Aim: To evaluate fiscal health, highlight interstate disparities, and encourage targeted interventions for improving fiscal performance and governance.

• Criteria used: The FHI evaluates states across five sub-indices:

• Quality of Expenditure: Efficiency in capital and social sector spending. Revenue Mobilization: States’ ability to generate revenue from taxes and other sources. Fiscal Prudence: Adherence to fiscal deficit targets and financial management. Debt Index: States’ total debt burden. Debt Sustainability: Debt-to-GSDP ratio and interest burden on revenue.

• Quality of Expenditure: Efficiency in capital and social sector spending.

• Revenue Mobilization: States’ ability to generate revenue from taxes and other sources.

• Fiscal Prudence: Adherence to fiscal deficit targets and financial management.

• Debt Index: States’ total debt burden.

• Debt Sustainability: Debt-to-GSDP ratio and interest burden on revenue.

• Key Features:

• Tracks fiscal trends from 2014-15 to 2022-23. Focuses on 18 major states driving India’s economy. Provides state-specific insights for policy interventions. Highlights top achievers and aspirational states to promote healthy competition. Aligns with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat @2047.

• Tracks fiscal trends from 2014-15 to 2022-23.

• Focuses on 18 major states driving India’s economy.

• Provides state-specific insights for policy interventions.

• Highlights top achievers and aspirational states to promote healthy competition.

• Aligns with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat @2047.

Solution: c)

The FHI 2025 evaluates states across five sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilization, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability.

About Fiscal Health Index 2025:

• Developed by: NITI Aayog, with data sourced from the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG).

• Base Year: 2022-23 fiscal data is the reference year for rankings and analysis.

• Aim: To evaluate fiscal health, highlight interstate disparities, and encourage targeted interventions for improving fiscal performance and governance.

• Criteria used: The FHI evaluates states across five sub-indices:

• Quality of Expenditure: Efficiency in capital and social sector spending.

• Revenue Mobilization: States’ ability to generate revenue from taxes and other sources.

• Fiscal Prudence: Adherence to fiscal deficit targets and financial management.

• Debt Index: States’ total debt burden.

• Debt Sustainability: Debt-to-GSDP ratio and interest burden on revenue.

• Key Features:

• Tracks fiscal trends from 2014-15 to 2022-23.

• Focuses on 18 major states driving India’s economy.

• Provides state-specific insights for policy interventions.

• Highlights top achievers and aspirational states to promote healthy competition.

• Aligns with India’s vision for Viksit Bharat @2047.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following are tributaries of the Cauvery River? Arkavathi River Kabini River Bhima River Hemavathi River Select the correct answer: a) 1, 2, and 4 only b) 2, 3, and 4 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) All of the above Correct Solution: a) Arkavathi, Kabini, and Hemavathi are tributaries of the Cauvery. Bhima River (3) is not a tributary of the Cauvery; it is a tributary of the Krishna River. Incorrect Solution: a) Arkavathi, Kabini, and Hemavathi are tributaries of the Cauvery. Bhima River (3) is not a tributary of the Cauvery; it is a tributary of the Krishna River.

#### 8. Question

Which of the following are tributaries of the Cauvery River?

• Arkavathi River

• Kabini River

• Bhima River

• Hemavathi River

Select the correct answer:

• a) 1, 2, and 4 only

• b) 2, 3, and 4 only

• c) 1, 3, and 4 only

• d) All of the above

Solution: a)

Arkavathi, Kabini, and Hemavathi are tributaries of the Cauvery. Bhima River (3) is not a tributary of the Cauvery; it is a tributary of the Krishna River.

Solution: a)

Arkavathi, Kabini, and Hemavathi are tributaries of the Cauvery. Bhima River (3) is not a tributary of the Cauvery; it is a tributary of the Krishna River.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Statement I: ADHD is a lifelong disorder that always worsens with age. Statement II: Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for individuals with ADHD. Which of the following is correct? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect. d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct. Correct Solution: d) Statement I is incorrect because ADHD symptoms can improve with age, especially with proper management. Statement II is correct as early diagnosis and interventions (e.g., therapy, medication) significantly enhance outcomes. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement I is incorrect because ADHD symptoms can improve with age, especially with proper management. Statement II is correct as early diagnosis and interventions (e.g., therapy, medication) significantly enhance outcomes.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Statement I: ADHD is a lifelong disorder that always worsens with age. Statement II: Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes for individuals with ADHD.

Which of the following is correct?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect.

• d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct.

Solution: d)

Statement I is incorrect because ADHD symptoms can improve with age, especially with proper management. Statement II is correct as early diagnosis and interventions (e.g., therapy, medication) significantly enhance outcomes.

Solution: d)

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Sachetisation Plan: It is inspired by the FMCG sector’s practice of selling small-sized products for wider market penetration. Only Debt and thematic mutual fund schemes are included under the plan. The plan is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion initiatives. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Sachetisation Plan draws inspiration from the FMCG sector and is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion efforts. Statement 2 is incorrect. Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility. Incorrect Solution: b) Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Sachetisation Plan draws inspiration from the FMCG sector and is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion efforts. Statement 2 is incorrect. Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements about the Sachetisation Plan:

• It is inspired by the FMCG sector’s practice of selling small-sized products for wider market penetration.

• Only Debt and thematic mutual fund schemes are included under the plan.

• The plan is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion initiatives.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Sachetisation Plan draws inspiration from the FMCG sector and is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion efforts.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility.

Solution: b)

Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Sachetisation Plan draws inspiration from the FMCG sector and is part of SEBI’s financial inclusion efforts.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Schemes Excluded: Debt schemes, sectoral, thematic, small-cap, and mid-cap equity funds due to their volatility.

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