UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 26 February 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj: He was the first ruler to establish a standing army in India. He implemented guerrilla warfare tactics effectively against the Mughals. His administration was highly centralized, similar to the Mughal Empire. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: While Shivaji established a highly disciplined and well-trained army, he was not the first ruler to create a standing army. Earlier rulers like Alauddin Khilji had standing armies. Statement 2 is correct: Shivaji’s military strategies were based on Guerrilla Warfare (Ganimi Kawa), using swift movements, surprise attacks, and mountainous terrain to weaken stronger enemies like the Mughals. Statement 3 is incorrect: Unlike the centralized Mughal administration, Shivaji’s governance was decentralized, with a strong emphasis on local governance and efficient revenue collection. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect: While Shivaji established a highly disciplined and well-trained army, he was not the first ruler to create a standing army. Earlier rulers like Alauddin Khilji had standing armies. Statement 2 is correct: Shivaji’s military strategies were based on Guerrilla Warfare (Ganimi Kawa), using swift movements, surprise attacks, and mountainous terrain to weaken stronger enemies like the Mughals. Statement 3 is incorrect: Unlike the centralized Mughal administration, Shivaji’s governance was decentralized, with a strong emphasis on local governance and efficient revenue collection.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj:

• He was the first ruler to establish a standing army in India.

• He implemented guerrilla warfare tactics effectively against the Mughals.

• His administration was highly centralized, similar to the Mughal Empire.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 is incorrect: While Shivaji established a highly disciplined and well-trained army, he was not the first ruler to create a standing army. Earlier rulers like Alauddin Khilji had standing armies.

• Statement 2 is correct: Shivaji’s military strategies were based on Guerrilla Warfare (Ganimi Kawa), using swift movements, surprise attacks, and mountainous terrain to weaken stronger enemies like the Mughals.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Unlike the centralized Mughal administration, Shivaji’s governance was decentralized, with a strong emphasis on local governance and efficient revenue collection.

Solution: a)

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Unlike the centralized Mughal administration, Shivaji’s governance was decentralized, with a strong emphasis on local governance and efficient revenue collection.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following ocean currents influence the Andaman Sea’s climate and marine ecosystem? a) Agulhas Current b) North Equatorial Current c) Benguela Current d) Humboldt Current Correct Solution: b) The North Equatorial Current influences the Andaman Sea, bringing warm waters from the Pacific Ocean, which affects monsoons and marine biodiversity. Agulhas Current (Southwest Indian Ocean), Benguela Current (South Atlantic), and Humboldt Current (South America) do not affect the Andaman Sea. Incorrect Solution: b) The North Equatorial Current influences the Andaman Sea, bringing warm waters from the Pacific Ocean, which affects monsoons and marine biodiversity. Agulhas Current (Southwest Indian Ocean), Benguela Current (South Atlantic), and Humboldt Current (South America) do not affect the Andaman Sea.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following ocean currents influence the Andaman Sea’s climate and marine ecosystem?

• a) Agulhas Current

• b) North Equatorial Current

• c) Benguela Current

• d) Humboldt Current

Solution: b)

The North Equatorial Current influences the Andaman Sea, bringing warm waters from the Pacific Ocean, which affects monsoons and marine biodiversity.

Agulhas Current (Southwest Indian Ocean), Benguela Current (South Atlantic), and Humboldt Current (South America) do not affect the Andaman Sea.

Solution: b)

The North Equatorial Current influences the Andaman Sea, bringing warm waters from the Pacific Ocean, which affects monsoons and marine biodiversity.

Agulhas Current (Southwest Indian Ocean), Benguela Current (South Atlantic), and Humboldt Current (South America) do not affect the Andaman Sea.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the Naxalite movement when it originated in Naxalbari, West Bengal? a) To promote communal harmony b) To demand constitutional reforms c) To redistribute land and resources to oppressed communities d) To impede industrialization in tribal areas Correct Solution: c) The Naxalite movement, which began in 1967 in Naxalbari village, was primarily driven by the objective of redistributing land and resources to marginalized and oppressed communities, particularly the peasantry. The movement, inspired by Maoist ideology, sought to challenge the existing social and economic hierarchy, which favored landlords and powerful elites, by advocating for armed rebellion. Incorrect Solution: c) The Naxalite movement, which began in 1967 in Naxalbari village, was primarily driven by the objective of redistributing land and resources to marginalized and oppressed communities, particularly the peasantry. The movement, inspired by Maoist ideology, sought to challenge the existing social and economic hierarchy, which favored landlords and powerful elites, by advocating for armed rebellion.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the Naxalite movement when it originated in Naxalbari, West Bengal?

• a) To promote communal harmony

• b) To demand constitutional reforms

• c) To redistribute land and resources to oppressed communities

• d) To impede industrialization in tribal areas

Solution: c)

The Naxalite movement, which began in 1967 in Naxalbari village, was primarily driven by the objective of redistributing land and resources to marginalized and oppressed communities, particularly the peasantry. The movement, inspired by Maoist ideology, sought to challenge the existing social and economic hierarchy, which favored landlords and powerful elites, by advocating for armed rebellion.

Solution: c)

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the flora of Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary: The sanctuary is dominated by tropical rainforests with evergreen species. Teak and bamboo are commonly found in the sanctuary’s dry deciduous forests. The sanctuary’s flora is predominantly influenced by mangrove ecosystems. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the state of Telangana, is predominantly a dry deciduous forest, which supports species like teak and bamboo. This makes Statement 2 correct. However, Statement 1 is incorrect because tropical rainforests with evergreen species do not dominate the sanctuary; instead, it is characterized by dry deciduous forests with a mix of teak, bamboo, and other drought-resistant species. Statement 3 is also incorrect because the sanctuary is an inland forest and is not influenced by mangrove ecosystems, which are generally found in coastal or tidal areas. Therefore, the sanctuary’s flora reflects the dry deciduous nature rather than a rainforest or mangrove ecosystem, providing habitat for various wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and deer. Incorrect Solution: a) Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the state of Telangana, is predominantly a dry deciduous forest, which supports species like teak and bamboo. This makes Statement 2 correct. However, Statement 1 is incorrect because tropical rainforests with evergreen species do not dominate the sanctuary; instead, it is characterized by dry deciduous forests with a mix of teak, bamboo, and other drought-resistant species. Statement 3 is also incorrect because the sanctuary is an inland forest and is not influenced by mangrove ecosystems, which are generally found in coastal or tidal areas. Therefore, the sanctuary’s flora reflects the dry deciduous nature rather than a rainforest or mangrove ecosystem, providing habitat for various wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and deer.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the flora of Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary:

• The sanctuary is dominated by tropical rainforests with evergreen species.

• Teak and bamboo are commonly found in the sanctuary’s dry deciduous forests.

• The sanctuary’s flora is predominantly influenced by mangrove ecosystems.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

• Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the state of Telangana, is predominantly a dry deciduous forest, which supports species like teak and bamboo. This makes Statement 2 correct.

• However, Statement 1 is incorrect because tropical rainforests with evergreen species do not dominate the sanctuary; instead, it is characterized by dry deciduous forests with a mix of teak, bamboo, and other drought-resistant species.

• Statement 3 is also incorrect because the sanctuary is an inland forest and is not influenced by mangrove ecosystems, which are generally found in coastal or tidal areas. Therefore, the sanctuary’s flora reflects the dry deciduous nature rather than a rainforest or mangrove ecosystem, providing habitat for various wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and deer.

Solution: a)

• Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the state of Telangana, is predominantly a dry deciduous forest, which supports species like teak and bamboo. This makes Statement 2 correct.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the National Agriculture Code (NAC): The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses. The NAC exclusively focuses on organic farming practices and disregards other agricultural methods. The NAC aims to enhance sustainability and introduce modern farming techniques like SMART farming and traceability. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for major crops like paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses, ensuring standardized practices for different crops. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the NAC includes standards for organic farming, it does not exclusively focus on it. It also covers other practices like natural farming and the use of chemical inputs where necessary. Statement 3 is correct. The NAC emphasizes sustainability and modern techniques such as SMART farming, which includes the use of technology and traceability in agriculture. This highlights the forward-thinking nature of the NAC in promoting agricultural innovation. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for major crops like paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses, ensuring standardized practices for different crops. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the NAC includes standards for organic farming, it does not exclusively focus on it. It also covers other practices like natural farming and the use of chemical inputs where necessary. Statement 3 is correct. The NAC emphasizes sustainability and modern techniques such as SMART farming, which includes the use of technology and traceability in agriculture. This highlights the forward-thinking nature of the NAC in promoting agricultural innovation.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the National Agriculture Code (NAC):

• The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses.

• The NAC exclusively focuses on organic farming practices and disregards other agricultural methods.

• The NAC aims to enhance sustainability and introduce modern farming techniques like SMART farming and traceability.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct. The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for major crops like paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses, ensuring standardized practices for different crops.

Statement 2 is incorrect. While the NAC includes standards for organic farming, it does not exclusively focus on it. It also covers other practices like natural farming and the use of chemical inputs where necessary.

Statement 3 is correct. The NAC emphasizes sustainability and modern techniques such as SMART farming, which includes the use of technology and traceability in agriculture. This highlights the forward-thinking nature of the NAC in promoting agricultural innovation.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct. The NAC will provide crop-specific standards for major crops like paddy, wheat, oilseeds, and pulses, ensuring standardized practices for different crops.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points The Global Digital Compact (GDC) was adopted during which significant UN event? a) UN World Digital Summit b) UN Sustainable Development Goals Summit c) UN ‘Summit of the Future’ d) UN General Assembly Correct Solution: c) The GDC was introduced during the UN’s ‘Summit of the Future,’ which focuses on harnessing digital technologies for the common good while promoting sustainable development. The compact is a non-binding diplomatic instrument, guiding digital technology use and governance globally. It aims to address significant challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy, and ethical AI use. This summit highlights the global commitment toward advancing responsible digital infrastructure while aligning with the broader UN objectives for sustainability and human rights. Incorrect Solution: c) The GDC was introduced during the UN’s ‘Summit of the Future,’ which focuses on harnessing digital technologies for the common good while promoting sustainable development. The compact is a non-binding diplomatic instrument, guiding digital technology use and governance globally. It aims to address significant challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy, and ethical AI use. This summit highlights the global commitment toward advancing responsible digital infrastructure while aligning with the broader UN objectives for sustainability and human rights.

#### 6. Question

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) was adopted during which significant UN event?

• a) UN World Digital Summit

• b) UN Sustainable Development Goals Summit

• c) UN ‘Summit of the Future’

• d) UN General Assembly

Solution: c)

The GDC was introduced during the UN’s ‘Summit of the Future,’ which focuses on harnessing digital technologies for the common good while promoting sustainable development. The compact is a non-binding diplomatic instrument, guiding digital technology use and governance globally. It aims to address significant challenges such as the digital divide, data privacy, and ethical AI use. This summit highlights the global commitment toward advancing responsible digital infrastructure while aligning with the broader UN objectives for sustainability and human rights.

Solution: c)

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the PM-MITRA Scheme: PM-MITRA aims to create world-class industrial infrastructure for the textile industry. The scheme establishes integrated textile parks to attract investments and boost exports. It focuses solely on traditional textile manufacturing methods and local markets. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as PM-MITRA (Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks) focuses on creating world-class infrastructure for the textile and apparel sectors. Statement 2 is also correct because the scheme aims to attract both domestic and foreign investments by establishing large integrated textile parks, boosting exports and fostering economic growth. Statement 3 is incorrect because the scheme does not focus solely on traditional textile manufacturing. Instead, it aims at modernizing the industry, promoting cutting-edge technologies, and enhancing the global competitiveness of India’s textile sector. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct as PM-MITRA (Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks) focuses on creating world-class infrastructure for the textile and apparel sectors. Statement 2 is also correct because the scheme aims to attract both domestic and foreign investments by establishing large integrated textile parks, boosting exports and fostering economic growth. Statement 3 is incorrect because the scheme does not focus solely on traditional textile manufacturing. Instead, it aims at modernizing the industry, promoting cutting-edge technologies, and enhancing the global competitiveness of India’s textile sector.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements about the PM-MITRA Scheme:

• PM-MITRA aims to create world-class industrial infrastructure for the textile industry.

• The scheme establishes integrated textile parks to attract investments and boost exports.

• It focuses solely on traditional textile manufacturing methods and local markets.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as PM-MITRA (Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks) focuses on creating world-class infrastructure for the textile and apparel sectors.

Statement 2 is also correct because the scheme aims to attract both domestic and foreign investments by establishing large integrated textile parks, boosting exports and fostering economic growth.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the scheme does not focus solely on traditional textile manufacturing. Instead, it aims at modernizing the industry, promoting cutting-edge technologies, and enhancing the global competitiveness of India’s textile sector.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct as PM-MITRA (Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel Parks) focuses on creating world-class infrastructure for the textile and apparel sectors.

Statement 2 is also correct because the scheme aims to attract both domestic and foreign investments by establishing large integrated textile parks, boosting exports and fostering economic growth.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the role of slag in artificial ground: Slag can mimic natural geological processes by forming sedimentary rock through lithification. The process of slag lithification can sequester carbon dioxide, reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels. Slag use in artificial ground contributes to increased soil acidity, hindering plant growth. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 2 only Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct because slag, a byproduct of steel production, can undergo lithification, mimicking natural geological processes that turn it into sedimentary rock over time. Statement 2 is also correct, as the lithification process can sequester carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Statement 3 is incorrect because the use of slag in artificial ground does not contribute to increased soil acidity or hinder plant growth. Instead, slag is often repurposed for environmental benefits, including carbon sequestration and reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct because slag, a byproduct of steel production, can undergo lithification, mimicking natural geological processes that turn it into sedimentary rock over time. Statement 2 is also correct, as the lithification process can sequester carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Statement 3 is incorrect because the use of slag in artificial ground does not contribute to increased soil acidity or hinder plant growth. Instead, slag is often repurposed for environmental benefits, including carbon sequestration and reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the role of slag in artificial ground:

• Slag can mimic natural geological processes by forming sedimentary rock through lithification.

• The process of slag lithification can sequester carbon dioxide, reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

• Slag use in artificial ground contributes to increased soil acidity, hindering plant growth.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1, 2 and 3

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1 and 2 only

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct because slag, a byproduct of steel production, can undergo lithification, mimicking natural geological processes that turn it into sedimentary rock over time.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the lithification process can sequester carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the use of slag in artificial ground does not contribute to increased soil acidity or hinder plant growth. Instead, slag is often repurposed for environmental benefits, including carbon sequestration and reducing the carbon footprint of the steel industry.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct because slag, a byproduct of steel production, can undergo lithification, mimicking natural geological processes that turn it into sedimentary rock over time.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the lithification process can sequester carbon dioxide through mineral carbonation, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following seas is located between Turkey and Russia? a) Caspian Sea b) Red Sea c) Mediterranean Sea d) Black Sea Correct Solution: d) The Black Sea lies between Turkey and Russia, and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus Strait. Incorrect Solution: d) The Black Sea lies between Turkey and Russia, and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus Strait.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following seas is located between Turkey and Russia?

• a) Caspian Sea

• b) Red Sea

• c) Mediterranean Sea

• d) Black Sea

Solution: d)

The Black Sea lies between Turkey and Russia, and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus Strait.

Solution: d)

The Black Sea lies between Turkey and Russia, and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Bosphorus Strait.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding lab-grown diamonds (LGDs): LGDs are created in laboratories using different processes than those involved in the formation of natural diamonds. The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method is used to grow LGDs at temperatures around 800°C. LGDs are chemically different from natural diamonds due to their artificial creation. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because LGDs are created in laboratories but through processes that replicate natural diamond formation. Statement 2 is also correct, as the CVD method uses temperatures around 800°C to grow diamonds. Statement 3 is incorrect because LGDs have the same chemical composition as natural diamonds (both are made of pure carbon). Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because LGDs are created in laboratories but through processes that replicate natural diamond formation. Statement 2 is also correct, as the CVD method uses temperatures around 800°C to grow diamonds. Statement 3 is incorrect because LGDs have the same chemical composition as natural diamonds (both are made of pure carbon).

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding lab-grown diamonds (LGDs):

• LGDs are created in laboratories using different processes than those involved in the formation of natural diamonds.

• The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method is used to grow LGDs at temperatures around 800°C.

• LGDs are chemically different from natural diamonds due to their artificial creation.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because LGDs are created in laboratories but through processes that replicate natural diamond formation.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the CVD method uses temperatures around 800°C to grow diamonds.

Statement 3 is incorrect because LGDs have the same chemical composition as natural diamonds (both are made of pure carbon).

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because LGDs are created in laboratories but through processes that replicate natural diamond formation.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the CVD method uses temperatures around 800°C to grow diamonds.

Statement 3 is incorrect because LGDs have the same chemical composition as natural diamonds (both are made of pure carbon).

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