UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 24 September 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following statements best describes the primary strategic objective of the Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme? (a) To audit the financial and procurement processes within the tri-services of the Indian Armed Forces. (b) To formulate India's diplomatic response to security challenges in the Indo-Pacific region. (c) To train special forces units for joint counter-insurgency operations in border regions. (d) To foster intellectual synergy and joint decision-making between senior military leadership and civilian bureaucracy. Correct Solution: D The Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme is fundamentally a high-level strategic engagement platform. Its core purpose is to bridge the gap between military and civilian leadership, enhancing what is known as civil-military synergy. By bringing together senior officers from the Armed Forces and key ministries like Defence, External Affairs, and Home Affairs, it aims to create a shared understanding of complex national security challenges. Incorrect Solution: D The Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme is fundamentally a high-level strategic engagement platform. Its core purpose is to bridge the gap between military and civilian leadership, enhancing what is known as civil-military synergy. By bringing together senior officers from the Armed Forces and key ministries like Defence, External Affairs, and Home Affairs, it aims to create a shared understanding of complex national security challenges.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following statements best describes the primary strategic objective of the Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme?

• (a) To audit the financial and procurement processes within the tri-services of the Indian Armed Forces.

• (b) To formulate India's diplomatic response to security challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

• (c) To train special forces units for joint counter-insurgency operations in border regions.

• (d) To foster intellectual synergy and joint decision-making between senior military leadership and civilian bureaucracy.

Solution: D

• The Combined Operational Review and Evaluation (CORE) Programme is fundamentally a high-level strategic engagement platform. Its core purpose is to bridge the gap between military and civilian leadership, enhancing what is known as civil-military synergy. By bringing together senior officers from the Armed Forces and key ministries like Defence, External Affairs, and Home Affairs, it aims to create a shared understanding of complex national security challenges.

Solution: D

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Barren Island Volcano: It is a stratovolcano located on a divergent boundary between the Indian Plate and the Burmese Plate. The volcano is part of the volcanic arc extending from Sumatra to Myanmar. Its eruptions are characterized by a high Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), involving explosive pyroclastic flows. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 2 is the only correct statement. Barren Island is part of a volcanic belt that forms a continuous arc from Sumatra (Indonesia) to Myanmar, created by tectonic subduction. Statement 1 is incorrect because the volcano is located at a convergent plate boundary, where the Indian Plate is subducting (sinking) beneath the Burmese microplate. This subduction process melts the crust, leading to magma formation and volcanic activity. A divergent boundary involves plates moving apart. Statement 3 is incorrect as the eruptions on Barren Island are typically mild. They are characterized by a low Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI 2), involving moderate ash clouds and lava flows, rather than highly explosive and dangerous pyroclastic flows associated with a high VEI. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 2 is the only correct statement. Barren Island is part of a volcanic belt that forms a continuous arc from Sumatra (Indonesia) to Myanmar, created by tectonic subduction. Statement 1 is incorrect because the volcano is located at a convergent plate boundary, where the Indian Plate is subducting (sinking) beneath the Burmese microplate. This subduction process melts the crust, leading to magma formation and volcanic activity. A divergent boundary involves plates moving apart. Statement 3 is incorrect as the eruptions on Barren Island are typically mild. They are characterized by a low Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI 2), involving moderate ash clouds and lava flows, rather than highly explosive and dangerous pyroclastic flows associated with a high VEI.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Barren Island Volcano:

• It is a stratovolcano located on a divergent boundary between the Indian Plate and the Burmese Plate.

• The volcano is part of the volcanic arc extending from Sumatra to Myanmar.

• Its eruptions are characterized by a high Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI), involving explosive pyroclastic flows.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is the only correct statement. Barren Island is part of a volcanic belt that forms a continuous arc from Sumatra (Indonesia) to Myanmar, created by tectonic subduction.

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the volcano is located at a convergent plate boundary, where the Indian Plate is subducting (sinking) beneath the Burmese microplate. This subduction process melts the crust, leading to magma formation and volcanic activity. A divergent boundary involves plates moving apart.

Statement 3 is incorrect as the eruptions on Barren Island are typically mild. They are characterized by a low Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI 2), involving moderate ash clouds and lava flows, rather than highly explosive and dangerous pyroclastic flows associated with a high VEI.

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is the only correct statement. Barren Island is part of a volcanic belt that forms a continuous arc from Sumatra (Indonesia) to Myanmar, created by tectonic subduction.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding GST 2.0 Statement-I: The GST 2.0 reforms aim to correct the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS) prevalent in several sectors. Statement-II: The rationalisation under GST 2.0 places raw materials and intermediate goods in a higher tax slab than the finished products, thereby encouraging domestic manufacturing. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. A key objective of GST reforms, including GST 2.0, is to address and correct the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS). An IDS occurs when the tax on inputs (raw materials) is higher than the tax on outputs (finished goods). This leads to an accumulation of unutilized input tax credit, which creates cash flow problems for businesses and increases compliance burdens. Statement-II is incorrect because it inaccurately describes how IDS is corrected. Correcting the IDS involves ensuring that the tax on finished products is higher than or equal to the tax on inputs, not the other way around. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. A key objective of GST reforms, including GST 2.0, is to address and correct the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS). An IDS occurs when the tax on inputs (raw materials) is higher than the tax on outputs (finished goods). This leads to an accumulation of unutilized input tax credit, which creates cash flow problems for businesses and increases compliance burdens. Statement-II is incorrect because it inaccurately describes how IDS is corrected. Correcting the IDS involves ensuring that the tax on finished products is higher than or equal to the tax on inputs, not the other way around.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding GST 2.0

Statement-I: The GST 2.0 reforms aim to correct the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS) prevalent in several sectors.

Statement-II: The rationalisation under GST 2.0 places raw materials and intermediate goods in a higher tax slab than the finished products, thereby encouraging domestic manufacturing.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. A key objective of GST reforms, including GST 2.0, is to address and correct the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS). An IDS occurs when the tax on inputs (raw materials) is higher than the tax on outputs (finished goods). This leads to an accumulation of unutilized input tax credit, which creates cash flow problems for businesses and increases compliance burdens.

• Statement-II is incorrect because it inaccurately describes how IDS is corrected. Correcting the IDS involves ensuring that the tax on finished products is higher than or equal to the tax on inputs, not the other way around.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the AI-enabled Centre at Betla National Park: It is situated within the Palamau Tiger Reserve, one of the original nine tiger reserves established under Project Tiger in 1973. The centre exclusively uses Artificial Intelligence to simulate predator-prey interactions for research purposes, without any visitor interface. Betla National Park is the only designated national park within the state of Chhattisgarh. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. Betla National Park forms the core area of the Palamau Tiger Reserve, which holds historical significance as it was one of the first nine tiger reserves declared when Project Tiger was launched in 1973. This initiative was a landmark step in India’s wildlife conservation history. Statement 2 is incorrect. The centre is designed not just for research but also to enhance eco-tourism and education. It uses a combination of technologies including AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and holograms to create an immersive experience for visitors, making it an interactive educational hub. Statement 3 is incorrect. Betla National Park is located in the Latehar district of Jharkhand, not Chhattisgarh. It is the sole national park in Jharkhand, a fact that makes its conservation and development particularly important for the state. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. Betla National Park forms the core area of the Palamau Tiger Reserve, which holds historical significance as it was one of the first nine tiger reserves declared when Project Tiger was launched in 1973. This initiative was a landmark step in India’s wildlife conservation history. Statement 2 is incorrect. The centre is designed not just for research but also to enhance eco-tourism and education. It uses a combination of technologies including AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and holograms to create an immersive experience for visitors, making it an interactive educational hub. Statement 3 is incorrect. Betla National Park is located in the Latehar district of Jharkhand, not Chhattisgarh. It is the sole national park in Jharkhand, a fact that makes its conservation and development particularly important for the state.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the AI-enabled Centre at Betla National Park:

• It is situated within the Palamau Tiger Reserve, one of the original nine tiger reserves established under Project Tiger in 1973.

• The centre exclusively uses Artificial Intelligence to simulate predator-prey interactions for research purposes, without any visitor interface.

• Betla National Park is the only designated national park within the state of Chhattisgarh.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is correct. Betla National Park forms the core area of the Palamau Tiger Reserve, which holds historical significance as it was one of the first nine tiger reserves declared when Project Tiger was launched in 1973. This initiative was a landmark step in India’s wildlife conservation history.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The centre is designed not just for research but also to enhance eco-tourism and education. It uses a combination of technologies including AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and holograms to create an immersive experience for visitors, making it an interactive educational hub.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. Betla National Park is located in the Latehar district of Jharkhand, not Chhattisgarh. It is the sole national park in Jharkhand, a fact that makes its conservation and development particularly important for the state.

Solution: A

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points The Tirah Valley, recently in the news, is a strategically important region primarily because: (a) It contains Pakistan's largest reserves of lithium and rare-earth elements. (b) It hosts a major international airbase used by multiple global powers for regional surveillance. (c) It is the source of the headwaters for the Indus River system. (d) It serves as a historical and geographical corridor linking the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia via Afghanistan. Correct Solution: D The strategic significance of the Tirah Valley stems from its geography and history. Located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, it lies close to the Afghanistan-Pakistan border and is positioned between the Khyber Pass and other key routes. Throughout history, this region has functioned as a critical corridor connecting the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) with Afghanistan and, by extension, Central Asia. This position has made it a contested and sensitive area for various empires and modern states, including the Mughals, the British, and Pakistan. Its rugged terrain and proximity to the border have also made it a difficult-to-govern space, often used as a sanctuary by militant groups. Incorrect Solution: D The strategic significance of the Tirah Valley stems from its geography and history. Located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, it lies close to the Afghanistan-Pakistan border and is positioned between the Khyber Pass and other key routes. Throughout history, this region has functioned as a critical corridor connecting the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) with Afghanistan and, by extension, Central Asia. This position has made it a contested and sensitive area for various empires and modern states, including the Mughals, the British, and Pakistan. Its rugged terrain and proximity to the border have also made it a difficult-to-govern space, often used as a sanctuary by militant groups.

#### 5. Question

The Tirah Valley, recently in the news, is a strategically important region primarily because:

• (a) It contains Pakistan's largest reserves of lithium and rare-earth elements.

• (b) It hosts a major international airbase used by multiple global powers for regional surveillance.

• (c) It is the source of the headwaters for the Indus River system.

• (d) It serves as a historical and geographical corridor linking the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia via Afghanistan.

Solution: D

• The strategic significance of the Tirah Valley stems from its geography and history. Located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, it lies close to the Afghanistan-Pakistan border and is positioned between the Khyber Pass and other key routes. Throughout history, this region has functioned as a critical corridor connecting the Indian subcontinent (South Asia) with Afghanistan and, by extension, Central Asia.

• This position has made it a contested and sensitive area for various empires and modern states, including the Mughals, the British, and Pakistan. Its rugged terrain and proximity to the border have also made it a difficult-to-govern space, often used as a sanctuary by militant groups.

Solution: D

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Tirah Valley: It is a mountainous region situated entirely within the Khyber District of Pakistan. The population is predominantly composed of Pashtun tribes, namely the Afridis and Orakzais. The region was the site of the famous Tirah Campaign in the late 19th century, launched by the British Indian Army. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The Tirah Valley is primarily inhabited by Pashtun tribes, with the Afridis and Orakzais being the most prominent among them. This demographic composition has been a defining feature of the region for centuries. Historically, the valley was the theatre of the Tirah Campaign of 1897-1898, a major military operation by the British Indian Army to assert control over the Pashtun tribes who had risen against British authority. Statement 1 is incorrect. While a significant part of the Tirah Valley is in the Khyber District, it also extends into the neighbouring Orakzai District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Incorrect Solution: B Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The Tirah Valley is primarily inhabited by Pashtun tribes, with the Afridis and Orakzais being the most prominent among them. This demographic composition has been a defining feature of the region for centuries. Historically, the valley was the theatre of the Tirah Campaign of 1897-1898, a major military operation by the British Indian Army to assert control over the Pashtun tribes who had risen against British authority. Statement 1 is incorrect. While a significant part of the Tirah Valley is in the Khyber District, it also extends into the neighbouring Orakzai District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about the Tirah Valley:

• It is a mountainous region situated entirely within the Khyber District of Pakistan.

• The population is predominantly composed of Pashtun tribes, namely the Afridis and Orakzais.

• The region was the site of the famous Tirah Campaign in the late 19th century, launched by the British Indian Army.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The Tirah Valley is primarily inhabited by Pashtun tribes, with the Afridis and Orakzais being the most prominent among them. This demographic composition has been a defining feature of the region for centuries. Historically, the valley was the theatre of the Tirah Campaign of 1897-1898, a major military operation by the British Indian Army to assert control over the Pashtun tribes who had risen against British authority.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While a significant part of the Tirah Valley is in the Khyber District, it also extends into the neighbouring Orakzai District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While a significant part of the Tirah Valley is in the Khyber District, it also extends into the neighbouring Orakzai District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points With regard to the process of counting votes in the election for the Vice-President of India, consider the following statements: If no candidate secures the required quota in the first round of counting, the candidate with the most second-preference votes is immediately declared the winner. The process of vote transfer involves eliminating the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes and redistributing their ballots based on the next preference marked. A ballot paper is considered invalid if the voter marks only a first preference and no other subsequent preferences. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 2 correctly describes the vote transfer process under the single transferable vote (STV) system. If no candidate reaches the quota after counting the first-preference votes, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. The ballots cast for this eliminated candidate are then examined for the second preference, and these votes are transferred to the respective continuing candidates. This process continues until one candidate achieves the quota. Statement 1 is incorrect. Second-preference votes are only considered during the transfer process after a candidate has been eliminated. Simply having the most second-preference votes does not lead to a victory. The goal is always to reach the calculated quota. Statement 3 is incorrect. A ballot paper is considered perfectly valid if the voter marks only the first preference (by writing ‘1’). Marking further preferences (2, 3, etc.) is optional. The ballot becomes invalid for other reasons, such as not marking any preference, marking the first preference for more than one candidate, or using words instead of numerals. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 2 correctly describes the vote transfer process under the single transferable vote (STV) system. If no candidate reaches the quota after counting the first-preference votes, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. The ballots cast for this eliminated candidate are then examined for the second preference, and these votes are transferred to the respective continuing candidates. This process continues until one candidate achieves the quota. Statement 1 is incorrect. Second-preference votes are only considered during the transfer process after a candidate has been eliminated. Simply having the most second-preference votes does not lead to a victory. The goal is always to reach the calculated quota. Statement 3 is incorrect. A ballot paper is considered perfectly valid if the voter marks only the first preference (by writing ‘1’). Marking further preferences (2, 3, etc.) is optional. The ballot becomes invalid for other reasons, such as not marking any preference, marking the first preference for more than one candidate, or using words instead of numerals.

#### 7. Question

With regard to the process of counting votes in the election for the Vice-President of India, consider the following statements:

• If no candidate secures the required quota in the first round of counting, the candidate with the most second-preference votes is immediately declared the winner.

• The process of vote transfer involves eliminating the candidate with the fewest first-preference votes and redistributing their ballots based on the next preference marked.

• A ballot paper is considered invalid if the voter marks only a first preference and no other subsequent preferences.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 2 correctly describes the vote transfer process under the single transferable vote (STV) system. If no candidate reaches the quota after counting the first-preference votes, the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated. The ballots cast for this eliminated candidate are then examined for the second preference, and these votes are transferred to the respective continuing candidates. This process continues until one candidate achieves the quota.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Second-preference votes are only considered during the transfer process after a candidate has been eliminated. Simply having the most second-preference votes does not lead to a victory. The goal is always to reach the calculated quota.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. A ballot paper is considered perfectly valid if the voter marks only the first preference (by writing ‘1’). Marking further preferences (2, 3, etc.) is optional. The ballot becomes invalid for other reasons, such as not marking any preference, marking the first preference for more than one candidate, or using words instead of numerals.

Solution: A

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Bhil tribe: Statement-I: The rich oral traditions of the Bhil tribe, including folk tales and theatre, have historically been a primary medium for transmitting cultural values, social norms, and historical memory. Statement-II: The launch of the Adi Vaani e-booklet, which translates Bhil folk tales into Hindi, represents an effort to preserve and disseminate the oral traditions to a wider audience using modern digital platforms. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: B Statement-I describes the historical and cultural function of oral traditions within the Bhil community. It explains that these traditions are the repository of their heritage and knowledge. This is a general statement about the role of folklore in their society. Statement-II describes a specific, contemporary government initiative—the Adi Vaani project. This project uses technology to document and share these traditions. While the Adi Vaani project is valuable precisely because of the importance of the oral traditions mentioned in Statement-I, it is an action taken in response to that importance, not an explanation of it. Statement II is an example of an intervention related to the cultural fact stated in Statement I, but it does not explain why oral traditions are the primary medium of cultural transmission for the Bhils. Incorrect Solution: B Statement-I describes the historical and cultural function of oral traditions within the Bhil community. It explains that these traditions are the repository of their heritage and knowledge. This is a general statement about the role of folklore in their society. Statement-II describes a specific, contemporary government initiative—the Adi Vaani project. This project uses technology to document and share these traditions. While the Adi Vaani project is valuable precisely because of the importance of the oral traditions mentioned in Statement-I, it is an action taken in response to that importance, not an explanation of it. Statement II is an example of an intervention related to the cultural fact stated in Statement I, but it does not explain why oral traditions are the primary medium of cultural transmission for the Bhils.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements about the Bhil tribe:

Statement-I: The rich oral traditions of the Bhil tribe, including folk tales and theatre, have historically been a primary medium for transmitting cultural values, social norms, and historical memory.

Statement-II: The launch of the Adi Vaani e-booklet, which translates Bhil folk tales into Hindi, represents an effort to preserve and disseminate the oral traditions to a wider audience using modern digital platforms.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: B

• Statement-I describes the historical and cultural function of oral traditions within the Bhil community. It explains that these traditions are the repository of their heritage and knowledge. This is a general statement about the role of folklore in their society.

• Statement-II describes a specific, contemporary government initiative—the Adi Vaani project. This project uses technology to document and share these traditions.

• While the Adi Vaani project is valuable precisely because of the importance of the oral traditions mentioned in Statement-I, it is an action taken in response to that importance, not an explanation of it.

• Statement II is an example of an intervention related to the cultural fact stated in Statement I, but it does not explain why oral traditions are the primary medium of cultural transmission for the Bhils.

Solution: B

• Statement-II describes a specific, contemporary government initiative—the Adi Vaani project. This project uses technology to document and share these traditions.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Light-based computers. Statement-I: Light-based computers offer a significant advantage in terms of energy efficiency over conventional silicon-based computers. Statement-II: The use of photons instead of electrons for processing information generates less heat. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. A major promised benefit of optical computing is improved energy efficiency. Statement-II provides the correct scientific reason for this. Conventional computers use electrons, which encounter resistance as they move through circuits, generating significant heat. This heat requires energy for cooling systems. Photons, traveling through optical fibers, generate much less heat, leading to lower energy consumption for both computation and cooling. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. A major promised benefit of optical computing is improved energy efficiency. Statement-II provides the correct scientific reason for this. Conventional computers use electrons, which encounter resistance as they move through circuits, generating significant heat. This heat requires energy for cooling systems. Photons, traveling through optical fibers, generate much less heat, leading to lower energy consumption for both computation and cooling.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Light-based computers.

Statement-I: Light-based computers offer a significant advantage in terms of energy efficiency over conventional silicon-based computers.

Statement-II: The use of photons instead of electrons for processing information generates less heat.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. A major promised benefit of optical computing is improved energy efficiency.

• Statement-II provides the correct scientific reason for this. Conventional computers use electrons, which encounter resistance as they move through circuits, generating significant heat. This heat requires energy for cooling systems. Photons, traveling through optical fibers, generate much less heat, leading to lower energy consumption for both computation and cooling.

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. A major promised benefit of optical computing is improved energy efficiency.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the contributions of Acharya Vinoba Bhave: He was a key figure in the Quit India Movement. His ‘Gramdan’ concept was an extension of the Bhoodan Movement, involving the donation of entire villages. He was a polyglot and commented on various religious texts, including the Bible and the Quran. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was actively involved in the Quit India Movement of 1942 and other Gandhian constructive programs. Statement 2 is correct. Following the success of the Bhoodan Movement, he introduced the concept of ‘Gramdan’ in 1954, where entire villages were donated for community ownership and management. Statement 3 is correct. He was a linguist with knowledge of multiple languages. His spiritual and intellectual pursuits were not limited to one religion; he wrote commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible, and the Quran, reflecting his universalist approach. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was actively involved in the Quit India Movement of 1942 and other Gandhian constructive programs. Statement 2 is correct. Following the success of the Bhoodan Movement, he introduced the concept of ‘Gramdan’ in 1954, where entire villages were donated for community ownership and management. Statement 3 is correct. He was a linguist with knowledge of multiple languages. His spiritual and intellectual pursuits were not limited to one religion; he wrote commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible, and the Quran, reflecting his universalist approach.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the contributions of Acharya Vinoba Bhave:

• He was a key figure in the Quit India Movement.

• His ‘Gramdan’ concept was an extension of the Bhoodan Movement, involving the donation of entire villages.

• He was a polyglot and commented on various religious texts, including the Bible and the Quran.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was actively involved in the Quit India Movement of 1942 and other Gandhian constructive programs.

• Statement 2 is correct. Following the success of the Bhoodan Movement, he introduced the concept of ‘Gramdan’ in 1954, where entire villages were donated for community ownership and management.

• Statement 3 is correct. He was a linguist with knowledge of multiple languages. His spiritual and intellectual pursuits were not limited to one religion; he wrote commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible, and the Quran, reflecting his universalist approach.

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. Acharya Vinoba Bhave was actively involved in the Quit India Movement of 1942 and other Gandhian constructive programs.

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