UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 24 August 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the operational nuclear power plants in India: The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is the only operational nuclear power plant in Rajasthan. The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is the southernmost nuclear power plant in India. The Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Uttar Pradesh. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) criticized United World Wrestling’s rules for penalizing athletes for failing a second-day weigh-in, calling them “draconian.” However, CAS denied Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat any relief after she was disqualified for being 100 grams over the weight limit on the second day of the 50kg wrestling event at the Paris 2024 Olympics. The ruling highlighted the fairness of the elimination but criticized the severity of the punishment. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), established in 1984, operates under the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS). It is an independent institution focused on resolving sports-related disputes through arbitration or mediation, adapting procedural rules to the sports world’s needs. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct: The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is indeed the only operational nuclear power plant in Rajasthan. Statement 2 is correct: The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, located in Tamil Nadu, is the southernmost nuclear power plant in India. Statement 3 is correct: The Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Uttar Pradesh.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the operational nuclear power plants in India:

• The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is the only operational nuclear power plant in Rajasthan.

• The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is the southernmost nuclear power plant in India.

• The Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Uttar Pradesh.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) criticized United World Wrestling’s rules for penalizing athletes for failing a second-day weigh-in, calling them “draconian.”

• However, CAS denied Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat any relief after she was disqualified for being 100 grams over the weight limit on the second day of the 50kg wrestling event at the Paris 2024 Olympics.

The ruling highlighted the fairness of the elimination but criticized the severity of the punishment.

The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), established in 1984, operates under the International Council of Arbitration for Sport (ICAS). It is an independent institution focused on resolving sports-related disputes through arbitration or mediation, adapting procedural rules to the sports world’s needs.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct: The Rajasthan Atomic Power Station is indeed the only operational nuclear power plant in Rajasthan.

Statement 2 is correct: The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant, located in Tamil Nadu, is the southernmost nuclear power plant in India.

Statement 3 is correct: The Narora Atomic Power Station is located in Uttar Pradesh.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points What is the primary significance of the new genome-editing tool developed by researchers from the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute and Pennsylvania State University? a) It is based on a protein from a bacterium called Deinococcus radiodurans. b) It is the first genome-editing tool designed specifically for animals. c) It is the largest genome-editing tool developed so far. d) It is used exclusively for editing the genomes of dicots. Correct Solution: a) A team of researchers from the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute in India and Pennsylvania State University in the U.S. has developed a new, miniature genome-editing tool that holds promise for agricultural applications. The new tool, based on a protein called ISDra2TnpB from the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, is less than half the size of these proteins, making it more suitable for plant genome editing. This TnpB-based system offers a significant improvement in editing efficiency, particularly in plants where traditional tools have been less effective. Researchers have successfully used it on both monocots (like rice) and dicots (like Arabidopsis), although the efficiency was lower in dicots. The system can perform both base editing and transcription activation, opening new possibilities for crop improvement, such as reducing plant height to make crops like rice less prone to cyclone damage. The new tool’s potential lies in its ability to precisely modify plant genomes, potentially removing undesirable traits or introducing beneficial ones. Incorrect Solution: a) A team of researchers from the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute in India and Pennsylvania State University in the U.S. has developed a new, miniature genome-editing tool that holds promise for agricultural applications. The new tool, based on a protein called ISDra2TnpB from the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, is less than half the size of these proteins, making it more suitable for plant genome editing. This TnpB-based system offers a significant improvement in editing efficiency, particularly in plants where traditional tools have been less effective. Researchers have successfully used it on both monocots (like rice) and dicots (like Arabidopsis), although the efficiency was lower in dicots. The system can perform both base editing and transcription activation, opening new possibilities for crop improvement, such as reducing plant height to make crops like rice less prone to cyclone damage. The new tool’s potential lies in its ability to precisely modify plant genomes, potentially removing undesirable traits or introducing beneficial ones.

#### 2. Question

What is the primary significance of the new genome-editing tool developed by researchers from the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute and Pennsylvania State University?

• a) It is based on a protein from a bacterium called Deinococcus radiodurans.

• b) It is the first genome-editing tool designed specifically for animals.

• c) It is the largest genome-editing tool developed so far.

• d) It is used exclusively for editing the genomes of dicots.

Solution: a)

• A team of researchers from the ICAR-National Rice Research Institute in India and Pennsylvania State University in the U.S. has developed a new, miniature genome-editing tool that holds promise for agricultural applications.

• The new tool, based on a protein called ISDra2TnpB from the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, is less than half the size of these proteins, making it more suitable for plant genome editing.

• This TnpB-based system offers a significant improvement in editing efficiency, particularly in plants where traditional tools have been less effective.

• Researchers have successfully used it on both monocots (like rice) and dicots (like Arabidopsis), although the efficiency was lower in dicots.

• The system can perform both base editing and transcription activation, opening new possibilities for crop improvement, such as reducing plant height to make crops like rice less prone to cyclone damage.

The new tool’s potential lies in its ability to precisely modify plant genomes, potentially removing undesirable traits or introducing beneficial ones.

Solution: a)

• This TnpB-based system offers a significant improvement in editing efficiency, particularly in plants where traditional tools have been less effective.

• Researchers have successfully used it on both monocots (like rice) and dicots (like Arabidopsis), although the efficiency was lower in dicots.

The new tool’s potential lies in its ability to precisely modify plant genomes, potentially removing undesirable traits or introducing beneficial ones.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following correctly describe the potential impact of tensions in the South China Sea on international trade? Disruption in the supply chain for global trade. Increased shipping costs due to rerouting of vessels. Significant reduction in petroleum product transportation globally. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct: Tensions in the South China Sea could lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, affecting international trade significantly. Statement 2 is correct: Increased tensions may force ships to reroute to avoid conflict zones, leading to higher shipping costs. Statement 3 is correct: The South China Sea is a critical route for transporting petroleum products; any disruption could lead to a significant reduction in the global transport of these resources, affecting energy markets worldwide. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct: Tensions in the South China Sea could lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, affecting international trade significantly. Statement 2 is correct: Increased tensions may force ships to reroute to avoid conflict zones, leading to higher shipping costs. Statement 3 is correct: The South China Sea is a critical route for transporting petroleum products; any disruption could lead to a significant reduction in the global transport of these resources, affecting energy markets worldwide.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following correctly describe the potential impact of tensions in the South China Sea on international trade?

• Disruption in the supply chain for global trade.

• Increased shipping costs due to rerouting of vessels.

• Significant reduction in petroleum product transportation globally.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct: Tensions in the South China Sea could lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, affecting international trade significantly.

Statement 2 is correct: Increased tensions may force ships to reroute to avoid conflict zones, leading to higher shipping costs.

Statement 3 is correct: The South China Sea is a critical route for transporting petroleum products; any disruption could lead to a significant reduction in the global transport of these resources, affecting energy markets worldwide.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is correct: Tensions in the South China Sea could lead to disruptions in the global supply chain, affecting international trade significantly.

Statement 2 is correct: Increased tensions may force ships to reroute to avoid conflict zones, leading to higher shipping costs.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points What is the significance of KAPS-4, the nuclear reactor at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) in Gujarat? a) It is India's first nuclear reactor to achieve 1000 MW capacity. b) It is India’s second indigenous 700 MW nuclear reactor to operate at full capacity. c) It is a foreign-designed nuclear reactor operating in India. d) It is the oldest nuclear reactor still in operation in India. Correct Solution: b) KAPS-4 at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is significant because it is India’s second indigenous 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) to achieve full operational capacity. This marks a milestone in India’s nuclear power capabilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of home-grown reactor design and engineering. Incorrect Solution: b) KAPS-4 at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is significant because it is India’s second indigenous 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) to achieve full operational capacity. This marks a milestone in India’s nuclear power capabilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of home-grown reactor design and engineering.

#### 4. Question

What is the significance of KAPS-4, the nuclear reactor at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) in Gujarat?

• a) It is India's first nuclear reactor to achieve 1000 MW capacity.

• b) It is India’s second indigenous 700 MW nuclear reactor to operate at full capacity.

• c) It is a foreign-designed nuclear reactor operating in India.

• d) It is the oldest nuclear reactor still in operation in India.

Solution: b)

KAPS-4 at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is significant because it is India’s second indigenous 700 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) to achieve full operational capacity. This marks a milestone in India’s nuclear power capabilities, demonstrating the effectiveness of home-grown reactor design and engineering.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Which of the following correctly describe the objectives of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)? Inclusivity and access for sellers. Centralization of e-commerce activities. Independence and increased choices for consumers. Profit maximization for the ONDC platform. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 4 only d) 1, 3, and 4 only Correct Solution: b) Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) connects e-marketplaces, enabling sellers and brands to list and sell products directly to customers, bypassing middlemen. It transitions from a platform-centric model to an open-source network for buying and selling goods and services. Statement 1 is correct: One of ONDC’s objectives is to ensure inclusivity and access for sellers, particularly small businesses and MSMEs. Statement 2 is incorrect: ONDC is focused on decentralizing e-commerce, not centralizing it. Statement 3 is correct: ONDC seeks to provide consumers with more independence and choices by opening up the marketplace to a broader range of sellers. Statement 4 is incorrect: As a not-for-profit entity, ONDC is not focused on profit maximization but on improving the e-commerce ecosystem in India. Incorrect Solution: b) Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) connects e-marketplaces, enabling sellers and brands to list and sell products directly to customers, bypassing middlemen. It transitions from a platform-centric model to an open-source network for buying and selling goods and services. Statement 1 is correct: One of ONDC’s objectives is to ensure inclusivity and access for sellers, particularly small businesses and MSMEs. Statement 2 is incorrect: ONDC is focused on decentralizing e-commerce, not centralizing it. Statement 3 is correct: ONDC seeks to provide consumers with more independence and choices by opening up the marketplace to a broader range of sellers. Statement 4 is incorrect: As a not-for-profit entity, ONDC is not focused on profit maximization but on improving the e-commerce ecosystem in India.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following correctly describe the objectives of the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)?

• Inclusivity and access for sellers.

• Centralization of e-commerce activities.

• Independence and increased choices for consumers.

• Profit maximization for the ONDC platform.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 2 and 4 only

• d) 1, 3, and 4 only

Solution: b)

Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) connects e-marketplaces, enabling sellers and brands to list and sell products directly to customers, bypassing middlemen. It transitions from a platform-centric model to an open-source network for buying and selling goods and services.

Statement 1 is correct: One of ONDC’s objectives is to ensure inclusivity and access for sellers, particularly small businesses and MSMEs.

Statement 2 is incorrect: ONDC is focused on decentralizing e-commerce, not centralizing it.

Statement 3 is correct: ONDC seeks to provide consumers with more independence and choices by opening up the marketplace to a broader range of sellers.

Statement 4 is incorrect: As a not-for-profit entity, ONDC is not focused on profit maximization but on improving the e-commerce ecosystem in India.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: One of ONDC’s objectives is to ensure inclusivity and access for sellers, particularly small businesses and MSMEs.

Statement 2 is incorrect: ONDC is focused on decentralizing e-commerce, not centralizing it.

Statement 3 is correct: ONDC seeks to provide consumers with more independence and choices by opening up the marketplace to a broader range of sellers.

Statement 4 is incorrect: As a not-for-profit entity, ONDC is not focused on profit maximization but on improving the e-commerce ecosystem in India.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Why are tensions in the South China Sea particularly concerning for global energy markets? a) The South China Sea is the only source of natural gas for East Asia. b) The South China Sea accounts for the majority of global petroleum production. c) About 40% of the world’s petroleum products are transported through the South China Sea. d) The South China Sea is home to the world’s largest oil reserves. Correct Solution: c) The South China Sea is crucial for global energy markets because approximately 40% of the world’s petroleum products are transported through this region annually. Any disruption in this area could significantly impact global energy supplies and prices. Incorrect Solution: c) The South China Sea is crucial for global energy markets because approximately 40% of the world’s petroleum products are transported through this region annually. Any disruption in this area could significantly impact global energy supplies and prices.

#### 6. Question

Why are tensions in the South China Sea particularly concerning for global energy markets?

• a) The South China Sea is the only source of natural gas for East Asia.

• b) The South China Sea accounts for the majority of global petroleum production.

• c) About 40% of the world’s petroleum products are transported through the South China Sea.

• d) The South China Sea is home to the world’s largest oil reserves.

Solution: c)

The South China Sea is crucial for global energy markets because approximately 40% of the world’s petroleum products are transported through this region annually. Any disruption in this area could significantly impact global energy supplies and prices.

Solution: c)

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points What significant discovery did the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Pragyan Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 mission make about the lunar soil in the South Polar Region of the Moon? a) Detection of water molecules in the lunar soil b) First in-situ elemental abundance measurements of lunar soil c) Discovery of new lunar minerals d) Identification of helium-3 in high concentrations Correct Solution: b) The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Pragyan Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 mission has provided the first in-situ elemental abundance measurements of lunar soil in the South Polar Region of the Moon. Conducted by scientists from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and ISRO, these measurements support the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) hypothesis, which suggests that the Moon’s primordial crust formed as lighter minerals floated to the surface. APXS detected higher levels of magnesium-rich minerals, indicating contributions from deeper lunar layers, likely due to material ejected during the formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. The data showed that the lunar soil is a mix of two rock types: Ferroan Anorthosite (rich in plagioclase) and the Magnesian Suite, with unexpected levels of olivine and pyroxene, minerals typically found in the Moon’s inner layers. Incorrect Solution: b) The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Pragyan Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 mission has provided the first in-situ elemental abundance measurements of lunar soil in the South Polar Region of the Moon. Conducted by scientists from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and ISRO, these measurements support the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) hypothesis, which suggests that the Moon’s primordial crust formed as lighter minerals floated to the surface. APXS detected higher levels of magnesium-rich minerals, indicating contributions from deeper lunar layers, likely due to material ejected during the formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. The data showed that the lunar soil is a mix of two rock types: Ferroan Anorthosite (rich in plagioclase) and the Magnesian Suite, with unexpected levels of olivine and pyroxene, minerals typically found in the Moon’s inner layers.

#### 7. Question

What significant discovery did the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Pragyan Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 mission make about the lunar soil in the South Polar Region of the Moon?

• a) Detection of water molecules in the lunar soil

• b) First in-situ elemental abundance measurements of lunar soil

• c) Discovery of new lunar minerals

• d) Identification of helium-3 in high concentrations

Solution: b)

• The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Pragyan Rover of the Chandrayaan-3 mission has provided the first in-situ elemental abundance measurements of lunar soil in the South Polar Region of the Moon.

• Conducted by scientists from the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) and ISRO, these measurements support the Lunar Magma Ocean (LMO) hypothesis, which suggests that the Moon’s primordial crust formed as lighter minerals floated to the surface.

• APXS detected higher levels of magnesium-rich minerals, indicating contributions from deeper lunar layers, likely due to material ejected during the formation of the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin.

• The data showed that the lunar soil is a mix of two rock types: Ferroan Anorthosite (rich in plagioclase) and the Magnesian Suite, with unexpected levels of olivine and pyroxene, minerals typically found in the Moon’s inner layers.

Solution: b)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the territorial disputes in the South China Sea: The Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory between China and the Philippines. The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Taiwan does not make any claims in the South China Sea. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: The Scarborough Shoal is indeed a disputed territory between China and the Philippines. Statement 2 is correct: The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and others, making it one of the most contested areas in the South China Sea. Statement 3 is incorrect: Taiwan also makes claims in the South China Sea, including over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: The Scarborough Shoal is indeed a disputed territory between China and the Philippines. Statement 2 is correct: The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and others, making it one of the most contested areas in the South China Sea. Statement 3 is incorrect: Taiwan also makes claims in the South China Sea, including over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the territorial disputes in the South China Sea:

• The Scarborough Shoal is a disputed territory between China and the Philippines.

• The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, and the Philippines.

• Taiwan does not make any claims in the South China Sea.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: The Scarborough Shoal is indeed a disputed territory between China and the Philippines.

Statement 2 is correct: The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and others, making it one of the most contested areas in the South China Sea.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Taiwan also makes claims in the South China Sea, including over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: The Scarborough Shoal is indeed a disputed territory between China and the Philippines.

Statement 2 is correct: The Spratly Islands are claimed by multiple countries, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and others, making it one of the most contested areas in the South China Sea.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Taiwan also makes claims in the South China Sea, including over the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following pairs are correctly matched regarding the location of nuclear power plants in India? Kaiga Generating Station – Karnataka Kakrapar Atomic Power Station – Maharashtra Tarapur Atomic Power Station – Uttar Pradesh Select the correct answer code: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: a) Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Kaiga Generating Station is located in Karnataka. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is located in Gujarat, not Maharashtra. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Maharashtra. Incorrect Solution: a) Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Kaiga Generating Station is located in Karnataka. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is located in Gujarat, not Maharashtra. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Maharashtra.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched regarding the location of nuclear power plants in India?

• Kaiga Generating Station – Karnataka

• Kakrapar Atomic Power Station – Maharashtra

• Tarapur Atomic Power Station – Uttar Pradesh

Select the correct answer code:

• b) 1 and 2 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: a)

Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Kaiga Generating Station is located in Karnataka.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is located in Gujarat, not Maharashtra.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Maharashtra.

Solution: a)

Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Kaiga Generating Station is located in Karnataka.

Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: The Kakrapar Atomic Power Station is located in Gujarat, not Maharashtra.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: The Tarapur Atomic Power Station is located in Maharashtra.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following islands or shoals in the South China Sea is closest to the Philippines? a) Paracel Islands b) Spratly Islands c) Scarborough Shoal d) James Shoal Correct Solution: c) The Scarborough Shoal is the closest of the listed features to the Philippines and is a significant point of contention between China and the Philippines. The Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands are farther away, and the James Shoal is closer to Malaysia. Incorrect Solution: c) The Scarborough Shoal is the closest of the listed features to the Philippines and is a significant point of contention between China and the Philippines. The Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands are farther away, and the James Shoal is closer to Malaysia.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following islands or shoals in the South China Sea is closest to the Philippines?

• a) Paracel Islands

• b) Spratly Islands

• c) Scarborough Shoal

• d) James Shoal

Solution: c)

The Scarborough Shoal is the closest of the listed features to the Philippines and is a significant point of contention between China and the Philippines. The Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands are farther away, and the James Shoal is closer to Malaysia.

Solution: c)

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