UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 23 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: In RCTs, participants are randomly allocated into two or more groups to receive different interventions. RCTs are primarily used to study the prevalence of diseases in a population. RCTs are qualitative research methods that rely on in-depth interviews. How many of the above statements are correct regarding the Randomized Control Trials (RCTs)? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. S2: RCTs are used to study the effectiveness of interventions or treatments, not the prevalence of diseases. Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) are a type of scientific experiment commonly used in medical research and other fields to assess the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group, which receives the intervention being studied, or the control group, which does not receive the intervention or receives a placebo. This random assignment helps ensure that any differences observed between the two groups are due to the intervention itself and not to other factors. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/randomized-control-trials-rcts/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. S2: RCTs are used to study the effectiveness of interventions or treatments, not the prevalence of diseases. Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) are a type of scientific experiment commonly used in medical research and other fields to assess the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group, which receives the intervention being studied, or the control group, which does not receive the intervention or receives a placebo. This random assignment helps ensure that any differences observed between the two groups are due to the intervention itself and not to other factors. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/randomized-control-trials-rcts/

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements:

• In RCTs, participants are randomly allocated into two or more groups to receive different interventions. RCTs are primarily used to study the prevalence of diseases in a population. RCTs are qualitative research methods that rely on in-depth interviews.

• In RCTs, participants are randomly allocated into two or more groups to receive different interventions.

• RCTs are primarily used to study the prevalence of diseases in a population.

• RCTs are qualitative research methods that rely on in-depth interviews.

How many of the above statements are correct regarding the Randomized Control Trials (RCTs)?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Explanation:

• Only statement 1 is correct.

• S2: RCTs are used to study the effectiveness of interventions or treatments, not the prevalence of diseases.

• Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) are a type of scientific experiment commonly used in medical research and other fields to assess the effectiveness of interventions or treatments. In an RCT, participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment group, which receives the intervention being studied, or the control group, which does not receive the intervention or receives a placebo. This random assignment helps ensure that any differences observed between the two groups are due to the intervention itself and not to other factors.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/randomized-control-trials-rcts/

Explanation:

• Only statement 1 is correct.

• S2: RCTs are used to study the effectiveness of interventions or treatments, not the prevalence of diseases.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/randomized-control-trials-rcts/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about Mount Ruang is correct? (a) It is located in the Andes mountain range. (b) It is an active volcano located in Indonesia. (c) It is the highest peak in Africa. (d) The mountain is famous for its ski resorts. Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava. The Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation issued the highest-level alert, warning of potential hazards including the collapse of the volcano into the sea, which could trigger a tsunami. Indonesia, with 120 active volcanoes, faces frequent volcanic activity due to its location along the Ring of Fire. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava. The Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation issued the highest-level alert, warning of potential hazards including the collapse of the volcano into the sea, which could trigger a tsunami. Indonesia, with 120 active volcanoes, faces frequent volcanic activity due to its location along the Ring of Fire. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

#### 2. Question

Which of the following statements about Mount Ruang is correct?

• (a) It is located in the Andes mountain range.

• (b) It is an active volcano located in Indonesia.

• (c) It is the highest peak in Africa.

• (d) The mountain is famous for its ski resorts.

Explanation:

• Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava.

• The Centre for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation issued the highest-level alert, warning of potential hazards including the collapse of the volcano into the sea, which could trigger a tsunami.

• Indonesia, with 120 active volcanoes, faces frequent volcanic activity due to its location along the Ring of Fire.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

Explanation:

• Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava.

• Indonesia, with 120 active volcanoes, faces frequent volcanic activity due to its location along the Ring of Fire.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points With reference to Pahariya tribe, consider the following statements: They are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups. They are primarily residing in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 Only (b) 2 Only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Tribe Description Shompen Tribe Shompen tribe, residing in the dense rainforests of Great Nicobar Island, cast their first vote in the Lok Sabha Election. Belonging to the Mongoloid group, they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, with an estimated population of 229 according to the 2011 Census. They live a semi-nomadic lifestyle, hunting wild pigs, pythons, monitor lizards, and crocodiles. Pahariya tribe Jharkhand’s Pahariya tribe, primarily residing in Jharkhand and West Bengal, aims for seed independence through community-led Seed banks. Pahariya engage in shifting agriculture and worship deities specific to their households, clans, and villages. The Pahariyas speak the Mal Pahariya language influenced by local dialects and have a mixed language of Santali, Bengali, and Hindi. they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/tribes-in-news/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Tribe Description Shompen Tribe Shompen tribe, residing in the dense rainforests of Great Nicobar Island, cast their first vote in the Lok Sabha Election. Belonging to the Mongoloid group, they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, with an estimated population of 229 according to the 2011 Census. They live a semi-nomadic lifestyle, hunting wild pigs, pythons, monitor lizards, and crocodiles. Pahariya tribe Jharkhand’s Pahariya tribe, primarily residing in Jharkhand and West Bengal, aims for seed independence through community-led Seed banks. Pahariya engage in shifting agriculture and worship deities specific to their households, clans, and villages. The Pahariyas speak the Mal Pahariya language influenced by local dialects and have a mixed language of Santali, Bengali, and Hindi. they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/tribes-in-news/

#### 3. Question

With reference to Pahariya tribe, consider the following statements:

• They are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups. They are primarily residing in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

• They are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups.

• They are primarily residing in the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 Only

• (b) 2 Only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

Tribe | Description

Shompen Tribe | Shompen tribe, residing in the dense rainforests of Great Nicobar Island, cast their first vote in the Lok Sabha Election.

Belonging to the Mongoloid group, they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups, with an estimated population of 229 according to the 2011 Census. They live a semi-nomadic lifestyle, hunting wild pigs, pythons, monitor lizards, and crocodiles.

Pahariya tribe | Jharkhand’s Pahariya tribe, primarily residing in Jharkhand and West Bengal, aims for seed independence through community-led Seed banks.

Pahariya engage in shifting agriculture and worship deities specific to their households, clans, and villages. The Pahariyas speak the Mal Pahariya language influenced by local dialects and have a mixed language of Santali, Bengali, and Hindi. they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups,

they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups,

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/tribes-in-news/

Explanation:

Tribe | Description

Shompen Tribe | Shompen tribe, residing in the dense rainforests of Great Nicobar Island, cast their first vote in the Lok Sabha Election.

Pahariya tribe | Jharkhand’s Pahariya tribe, primarily residing in Jharkhand and West Bengal, aims for seed independence through community-led Seed banks.

they are one of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups,

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/tribes-in-news/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about cholera is true? (a) Cholera is caused by a virus. (b) Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water. (c) Cholera symptoms include high fever and cough. (d) Cholera is easily treated with antibiotics. Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera The WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera, a simplified and cost-effective formulation of the oral cholera vaccine Euvichol-Plus. Meaning of Prequalification: “Prequalified” means that the vaccine has undergone a rigorous assessment by the WHO and has been deemed to meet international standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. The vaccine is suitable for procurement by United Nations agencies and other international organizations Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria, is transmitted through contaminated food or water, with the highest number of cases reported in the Middle East and Africa. India reported 132 cases in 2023 (till July). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/initiatives-of-who/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera The WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera, a simplified and cost-effective formulation of the oral cholera vaccine Euvichol-Plus. Meaning of Prequalification: “Prequalified” means that the vaccine has undergone a rigorous assessment by the WHO and has been deemed to meet international standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. The vaccine is suitable for procurement by United Nations agencies and other international organizations Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria, is transmitted through contaminated food or water, with the highest number of cases reported in the Middle East and Africa. India reported 132 cases in 2023 (till July). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/initiatives-of-who/

#### 4. Question

Which of the following statements about cholera is true?

• (a) Cholera is caused by a virus.

• (b) Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water.

• (c) Cholera symptoms include high fever and cough.

• (d) Cholera is easily treated with antibiotics.

Explanation:

• WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera The WHO prequalified the Euvichol-S vaccine for Cholera, a simplified and cost-effective formulation of the oral cholera vaccine Euvichol-Plus. Meaning of Prequalification: “Prequalified” means that the vaccine has undergone a rigorous assessment by the WHO and has been deemed to meet international standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. The vaccine is suitable for procurement by United Nations agencies and other international organizations

• Meaning of Prequalification: “Prequalified” means that the vaccine has undergone a rigorous assessment by the WHO and has been deemed to meet international standards of quality, safety, and efficacy. The vaccine is suitable for procurement by United Nations agencies and other international organizations

• Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria, is transmitted through contaminated food or water, with the highest number of cases reported in the Middle East and Africa. India reported 132 cases in 2023 (till July).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/initiatives-of-who/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/initiatives-of-who/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points The terms “INC-2 and INC-4” are mentioned in the news sometimes, are associated with the (a) International conventions on Chemical weapons (b) WTO’s committee focused on promoting global trade agreements (c) WHO’s committee overseeing global health initiatives (d) None of the above Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific, along with other environmental groups, has urged the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to take strong action against plastic pollution ahead of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-4) session. Over 100 civil society organizations (CSOs) emphasized the urgent need for ASEAN to lead in negotiations for a global treaty on plastic pollution, given the region’s challenges with overflowing landfills, polluted waterways, and marine ecosystem destruction. The CSOs called for legally binding measures to reduce plastic production and consumption, focusing on the entire plastic lifecycle, including phasing out single-use plastics. The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was established to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, beginning its work in the second half of 2022 with the ambition of completing its work by the end of 2024. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific, along with other environmental groups, has urged the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to take strong action against plastic pollution ahead of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-4) session. Over 100 civil society organizations (CSOs) emphasized the urgent need for ASEAN to lead in negotiations for a global treaty on plastic pollution, given the region’s challenges with overflowing landfills, polluted waterways, and marine ecosystem destruction. The CSOs called for legally binding measures to reduce plastic production and consumption, focusing on the entire plastic lifecycle, including phasing out single-use plastics. The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was established to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, beginning its work in the second half of 2022 with the ambition of completing its work by the end of 2024. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

#### 5. Question

The terms “INC-2 and INC-4” are mentioned in the news sometimes, are associated with the

• (a) International conventions on Chemical weapons

• (b) WTO’s committee focused on promoting global trade agreements

• (c) WHO’s committee overseeing global health initiatives

• (d) None of the above

Explanation:

• Context: The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific, along with other environmental groups, has urged the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to take strong action against plastic pollution ahead of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-4) session. Over 100 civil society organizations (CSOs) emphasized the urgent need for ASEAN to lead in negotiations for a global treaty on plastic pollution, given the region’s challenges with overflowing landfills, polluted waterways, and marine ecosystem destruction. The CSOs called for legally binding measures to reduce plastic production and consumption, focusing on the entire plastic lifecycle, including phasing out single-use plastics.

• Over 100 civil society organizations (CSOs) emphasized the urgent need for ASEAN to lead in negotiations for a global treaty on plastic pollution, given the region’s challenges with overflowing landfills, polluted waterways, and marine ecosystem destruction.

• The CSOs called for legally binding measures to reduce plastic production and consumption, focusing on the entire plastic lifecycle, including phasing out single-use plastics.

• The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was established to develop an international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment, beginning its work in the second half of 2022 with the ambition of completing its work by the end of 2024.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

Explanation:

• The CSOs called for legally binding measures to reduce plastic production and consumption, focusing on the entire plastic lifecycle, including phasing out single-use plastics.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which celestial body is the primary target of NASA’s Dragonfly mission? (a) Mars (b) Venus (c) Saturn's moon Titan (d) Jupiter's moon Europa Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: NASA has confirmed its Dragonfly rotorcraft mission to Titan, Saturn’s largest moon will be scheduled for 2028. Dragonfly, a “dual-quadcopter,” will explore Titan’s organic compound-rich surface, covering tens of kilometres in under an hour due to Titan’s dense atmosphere and low gravity. Despite primarily operating on the surface, it will utilize flight for transportation and science measurements. Powered by a radioisotope power system, Dragonfly will conduct operations during the day and recharge during the night. Top of Form Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/dragonfly-mission/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: NASA has confirmed its Dragonfly rotorcraft mission to Titan, Saturn’s largest moon will be scheduled for 2028. Dragonfly, a “dual-quadcopter,” will explore Titan’s organic compound-rich surface, covering tens of kilometres in under an hour due to Titan’s dense atmosphere and low gravity. Despite primarily operating on the surface, it will utilize flight for transportation and science measurements. Powered by a radioisotope power system, Dragonfly will conduct operations during the day and recharge during the night. Top of Form Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/dragonfly-mission/

#### 6. Question

Which celestial body is the primary target of NASA’s Dragonfly mission?

• (c) Saturn's moon Titan

• (d) Jupiter's moon Europa

Explanation:

• Context: NASA has confirmed its Dragonfly rotorcraft mission to Titan, Saturn’s largest moon will be scheduled for 2028.

• Dragonfly, a “dual-quadcopter,” will explore Titan’s organic compound-rich surface, covering tens of kilometres in under an hour due to Titan’s dense atmosphere and low gravity.

• Despite primarily operating on the surface, it will utilize flight for transportation and science measurements.

• Powered by a radioisotope power system, Dragonfly will conduct operations during the day and recharge during the night. Top of Form

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/dragonfly-mission/

Explanation:

• Context: NASA has confirmed its Dragonfly rotorcraft mission to Titan, Saturn’s largest moon will be scheduled for 2028.

• Dragonfly, a “dual-quadcopter,” will explore Titan’s organic compound-rich surface, covering tens of kilometres in under an hour due to Titan’s dense atmosphere and low gravity.

• Despite primarily operating on the surface, it will utilize flight for transportation and science measurements.

• Powered by a radioisotope power system, Dragonfly will conduct operations during the day and recharge during the night. Top of Form

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/dragonfly-mission/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: BrahMos is a short-range ballistic missile developed by India. BrahMos is primarily designed for underwater launch. BrahMos has a maximum speed of Mach 2. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: The BrahMos Missile is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, fighter aircraft or TEL. It is a result of a joint venture between India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya. It is a supersonic cruise missile with a maximum speed of Mach 2.8. It is not a short-range ballistic missile, nor is it primarily designed for underwater launch. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/philippines-2/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: The BrahMos Missile is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, fighter aircraft or TEL. It is a result of a joint venture between India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya. It is a supersonic cruise missile with a maximum speed of Mach 2.8. It is not a short-range ballistic missile, nor is it primarily designed for underwater launch. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/philippines-2/

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements:

• BrahMos is a short-range ballistic missile developed by India. BrahMos is primarily designed for underwater launch. BrahMos has a maximum speed of Mach 2.

• BrahMos is a short-range ballistic missile developed by India.

• BrahMos is primarily designed for underwater launch.

• BrahMos has a maximum speed of Mach 2.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Explanation:

• The BrahMos Missile is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, fighter aircraft or TEL.

• It is a result of a joint venture between India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyeniya. It is a supersonic cruise missile with a maximum speed of Mach 2.8. It is not a short-range ballistic missile, nor is it primarily designed for underwater launch.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/philippines-2/

Explanation:

• The BrahMos Missile is a medium-range ramjet supersonic cruise missile that can be launched from submarines, ships, fighter aircraft or TEL.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/philippines-2/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) is an initiative of the (a) FAO (b) UNEP (c) IUCN (d) None Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific focuses on supporting innovative and zero waste solutions in the region. GAIA is a global network of non-governmental organizations, grassroots organizations, and individuals who work towards a world without incineration and waste. They believe that the planet’s finite resources, health, and fragile biosphere are endangered by inefficient and polluting production practices. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific focuses on supporting innovative and zero waste solutions in the region. GAIA is a global network of non-governmental organizations, grassroots organizations, and individuals who work towards a world without incineration and waste. They believe that the planet’s finite resources, health, and fragile biosphere are endangered by inefficient and polluting production practices. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

#### 8. Question

The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) is an initiative of the

Explanation:

• The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific focuses on supporting innovative and zero waste solutions in the region.

• GAIA is a global network of non-governmental organizations, grassroots organizations, and individuals who work towards a world without incineration and waste.

• They believe that the planet’s finite resources, health, and fragile biosphere are endangered by inefficient and polluting production practices.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

Explanation:

• The Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) Asia Pacific focuses on supporting innovative and zero waste solutions in the region.

• GAIA is a global network of non-governmental organizations, grassroots organizations, and individuals who work towards a world without incineration and waste.

• They believe that the planet’s finite resources, health, and fragile biosphere are endangered by inefficient and polluting production practices.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/the-global-alliance-for-incinerator-alternatives-gaia-asia-pacific/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Tsunamis are caused by volcanic eruptions only. Tsunamis are small waves that do not cause any significant damage. Tsunamis only occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava. Tsunamis are large ocean waves generated by underwater disturbances, usually associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. These disturbances can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, or even meteorite impacts. When the ocean floor is abruptly displaced, it transfers energy to the overlying water, creating a series of waves known as a tsunami. These waves can travel across entire ocean basins, reaching speeds of up to 500 mph in deep water and growing to enormous heights as they approach shallow coastal areas, causing significant damage and loss of life. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava. Tsunamis are large ocean waves generated by underwater disturbances, usually associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. These disturbances can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, or even meteorite impacts. When the ocean floor is abruptly displaced, it transfers energy to the overlying water, creating a series of waves known as a tsunami. These waves can travel across entire ocean basins, reaching speeds of up to 500 mph in deep water and growing to enormous heights as they approach shallow coastal areas, causing significant damage and loss of life. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Tsunamis are caused by volcanic eruptions only. Tsunamis are small waves that do not cause any significant damage. Tsunamis only occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire.

• Tsunamis are caused by volcanic eruptions only.

• Tsunamis are small waves that do not cause any significant damage.

• Tsunamis only occur in the Pacific Ring of Fire.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava.

• Tsunamis are large ocean waves generated by underwater disturbances, usually associated with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. These disturbances can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, landslides, or even meteorite impacts. When the ocean floor is abruptly displaced, it transfers energy to the overlying water, creating a series of waves known as a tsunami. These waves can travel across entire ocean basins, reaching speeds of up to 500 mph in deep water and growing to enormous heights as they approach shallow coastal areas, causing significant damage and loss of life.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

Explanation:

• Context: Indonesian authorities issued a tsunami alert after Mount Ruang volcano erupted five times, expelling ash and lava.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/mount-ruang/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following nations: Lebanon Syria Iran Saudi Arabia Egypt How many of the above nations share the land border with Israel? a) Only two b) Only three c) Only four d) All five Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Iran recently launched a series of air strikes on Israel, employing 200-300 drones and ballistic missiles. The attacks, executed by Iran’s para-military force, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, were in response to Israeli war jets targeting an Iranian consulate in Syria. Iran dubbed the attack “Operation True Promise”. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/israel-iran-conflicts-challenges-and-solutions/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Iran recently launched a series of air strikes on Israel, employing 200-300 drones and ballistic missiles. The attacks, executed by Iran’s para-military force, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, were in response to Israeli war jets targeting an Iranian consulate in Syria. Iran dubbed the attack “Operation True Promise”. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/israel-iran-conflicts-challenges-and-solutions/

#### 10. Question

Consider the following nations:

• Lebanon Syria Iran Saudi Arabia Egypt

• Saudi Arabia

How many of the above nations share the land border with Israel?

• a) Only two

• b) Only three

• c) Only four

• d) All five

Explanation:

• Context: Iran recently launched a series of air strikes on Israel, employing 200-300 drones and ballistic missiles. The attacks, executed by Iran’s para-military force, the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, were in response to Israeli war jets targeting an Iranian consulate in Syria. Iran dubbed the attack “Operation True Promise”.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/israel-iran-conflicts-challenges-and-solutions/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/22/israel-iran-conflicts-challenges-and-solutions/

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