UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 22 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which of the following best describes the “Innovation Trap”? (a) A situation where a company focuses too much on incremental improvements and neglects radical innovations. (b) A strategy where companies prioritize short-term gains over long-term growth. (c) A scenario where a company invests heavily in R&D but fails to bring successful products to market. (d) A condition where companies become too risk-averse and avoid any form of innovation. Correct Ans: (a) EXplanation: What is the Innovation trap? It refers to a situation where organizations strive to innovate but inadvertently fall into patterns of thinking and behaviour that stifle genuine creativity and progress. This trap often arises when organizations prioritize conformity, rely too heavily on past successes, or resist challenging the status quo. Explanation using example: Kodak’s downfall can be attributed to its reluctance to embrace digital photography despite inventing the first digital camera in 1975. Instead of capitalizing on this innovation, Kodak continued to focus on its traditional film business, believing that digital photography was just a passing fad. This lack of foresight and innovation allowed competitors like Canon and Nikon to gain a foothold in the digital camera market. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/innovation-trap/ Incorrect Ans: (a) EXplanation: What is the Innovation trap? It refers to a situation where organizations strive to innovate but inadvertently fall into patterns of thinking and behaviour that stifle genuine creativity and progress. This trap often arises when organizations prioritize conformity, rely too heavily on past successes, or resist challenging the status quo. Explanation using example: Kodak’s downfall can be attributed to its reluctance to embrace digital photography despite inventing the first digital camera in 1975. Instead of capitalizing on this innovation, Kodak continued to focus on its traditional film business, believing that digital photography was just a passing fad. This lack of foresight and innovation allowed competitors like Canon and Nikon to gain a foothold in the digital camera market. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/innovation-trap/

#### 1. Question

Which of the following best describes the “Innovation Trap”?

• (a) A situation where a company focuses too much on incremental improvements and neglects radical innovations.

• (b) A strategy where companies prioritize short-term gains over long-term growth.

• (c) A scenario where a company invests heavily in R&D but fails to bring successful products to market.

• (d) A condition where companies become too risk-averse and avoid any form of innovation.

EXplanation:

• What is the Innovation trap? It refers to a situation where organizations strive to innovate but inadvertently fall into patterns of thinking and behaviour that stifle genuine creativity and progress. This trap often arises when organizations prioritize conformity, rely too heavily on past successes, or resist challenging the status quo.

• It refers to a situation where organizations strive to innovate but inadvertently fall into patterns of thinking and behaviour that stifle genuine creativity and progress. This trap often arises when organizations prioritize conformity, rely too heavily on past successes, or resist challenging the status quo.

• Explanation using example: Kodak’s downfall can be attributed to its reluctance to embrace digital photography despite inventing the first digital camera in 1975. Instead of capitalizing on this innovation, Kodak continued to focus on its traditional film business, believing that digital photography was just a passing fad. This lack of foresight and innovation allowed competitors like Canon and Nikon to gain a foothold in the digital camera market.

• Kodak’s downfall can be attributed to its reluctance to embrace digital photography despite inventing the first digital camera in 1975. Instead of capitalizing on this innovation, Kodak continued to focus on its traditional film business, believing that digital photography was just a passing fad. This lack of foresight and innovation allowed competitors like Canon and Nikon to gain a foothold in the digital camera market.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/innovation-trap/

EXplanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/innovation-trap/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Recently, UNESCO has identified Srinagar as a potential candidate for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) designation from India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Srinagar is being considered for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) title by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI). About WCC: The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI), a Kuwait-based organization. It acknowledges the contributions of local authorities, craftspeople, and communities to cultural, economic, and social development worldwide. WCC aims to establish a network of craft cities globally, promoting the principles of the creative economy and preserving traditional crafts. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/289207/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Srinagar is being considered for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) title by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI). About WCC: The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI), a Kuwait-based organization. It acknowledges the contributions of local authorities, craftspeople, and communities to cultural, economic, and social development worldwide. WCC aims to establish a network of craft cities globally, promoting the principles of the creative economy and preserving traditional crafts. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/289207/

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Recently, UNESCO has identified Srinagar as a potential candidate for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) designation from India.

• The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

• Recently, UNESCO has identified Srinagar as a potential candidate for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) designation from India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

• Context: Srinagar is being considered for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) title by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI).

• About WCC: The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI), a Kuwait-based organization. It acknowledges the contributions of local authorities, craftspeople, and communities to cultural, economic, and social development worldwide. WCC aims to establish a network of craft cities globally, promoting the principles of the creative economy and preserving traditional crafts.

• The World Craft City (WCC) initiative was launched in 2014 by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI), a Kuwait-based organization. It acknowledges the contributions of local authorities, craftspeople, and communities to cultural, economic, and social development worldwide. WCC aims to establish a network of craft cities globally, promoting the principles of the creative economy and preserving traditional crafts.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/289207/

Explanation:

• Context: Srinagar is being considered for the prestigious World Craft City (WCC) title by the World Crafts Council International (WCCI).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/289207/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points ‘State of World Population 2024’ report is published by (a) World Economic Forum (b) United Nations Population Fund (c) World Bank Group (d) International Monetary Fund Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: State of World Population 2024 report Released by the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) The report, titled “Interwoven Lives, Threads of Hope: Ending Inequalities in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and Rights,” highlights women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), encompassing freedom from torture, right to health, privacy, education, life, and discrimination prohibition. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: State of World Population 2024 report Released by the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA) The report, titled “Interwoven Lives, Threads of Hope: Ending Inequalities in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and Rights,” highlights women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), encompassing freedom from torture, right to health, privacy, education, life, and discrimination prohibition. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

#### 3. Question

‘State of World Population 2024’ report is published by

• (a) World Economic Forum

• (b) United Nations Population Fund

• (c) World Bank Group

• (d) International Monetary Fund

Explanation: State of World Population 2024 report

• Released by the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA)

• The report, titled “Interwoven Lives, Threads of Hope: Ending Inequalities in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) and Rights,” highlights women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), encompassing freedom from torture, right to health, privacy, education, life, and discrimination prohibition.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

Explanation: State of World Population 2024 report

• Released by the United Nations Population Fund’s (UNFPA)

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Global Forest Watch (GFW) is an initiative of the (a) Food and Agriculture Organization (b) World Meteorological Organization (c) United Nations Environment Programme (d) World Resources Institute Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: The World Resources Institute (WRI) established Global Forest Watch (GFW) in 1997 as an online platform offering data and tools to monitor forests. GFW provides access to near real-time information on global forest changes, enabling users to track and analyze forest dynamics worldwide. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: The World Resources Institute (WRI) established Global Forest Watch (GFW) in 1997 as an online platform offering data and tools to monitor forests. GFW provides access to near real-time information on global forest changes, enabling users to track and analyze forest dynamics worldwide. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

#### 4. Question

Global Forest Watch (GFW) is an initiative of the

• (a) Food and Agriculture Organization

• (b) World Meteorological Organization

• (c) United Nations Environment Programme

• (d) World Resources Institute

Explanation:

• The World Resources Institute (WRI) established Global Forest Watch (GFW) in 1997 as an online platform offering data and tools to monitor forests. GFW provides access to near real-time information on global forest changes, enabling users to track and analyze forest dynamics worldwide.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/reports-in-news-6/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Which of the following statements best describes Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF)? (a) It represents the total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a specific period. (b) It refers to the change in the value of stocks and bonds traded in a financial market. (c) It measures the net increase in physical assets within an economy during a particular time period. (d) It denotes the total value of exports minus the total value of imports in an economy. Correct ANs: (c) Explanation: Context: Private investment in India, measured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as a percentage of GDP, has seen a decline since 2011-12. Despite government efforts like corporate tax cuts, private investment hasn’t picked up. What is GFCF? Gross Fixed Capital Formation, measures the growth in fixed capital in an economy, including assets like buildings and machinery. It serves as an indicator of private sector investment willingness and includes government investment. GFCF is important because fixed capital boosts economic growth by increasing productivity and living standards. Developed economies tend to have more fixed capital per capita compared to developing ones. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/gross-fixed-capital-formation-gfcf-2/ Incorrect ANs: (c) Explanation: Context: Private investment in India, measured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as a percentage of GDP, has seen a decline since 2011-12. Despite government efforts like corporate tax cuts, private investment hasn’t picked up. What is GFCF? Gross Fixed Capital Formation, measures the growth in fixed capital in an economy, including assets like buildings and machinery. It serves as an indicator of private sector investment willingness and includes government investment. GFCF is important because fixed capital boosts economic growth by increasing productivity and living standards. Developed economies tend to have more fixed capital per capita compared to developing ones. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/gross-fixed-capital-formation-gfcf-2/

#### 5. Question

Which of the following statements best describes Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF)?

• (a) It represents the total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a specific period.

• (b) It refers to the change in the value of stocks and bonds traded in a financial market.

• (c) It measures the net increase in physical assets within an economy during a particular time period.

• (d) It denotes the total value of exports minus the total value of imports in an economy.

Explanation:

• Context: Private investment in India, measured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as a percentage of GDP, has seen a decline since 2011-12. Despite government efforts like corporate tax cuts, private investment hasn’t picked up.

• What is GFCF? Gross Fixed Capital Formation, measures the growth in fixed capital in an economy, including assets like buildings and machinery. It serves as an indicator of private sector investment willingness and includes government investment. GFCF is important because fixed capital boosts economic growth by increasing productivity and living standards. Developed economies tend to have more fixed capital per capita compared to developing ones.

• Gross Fixed Capital Formation, measures the growth in fixed capital in an economy, including assets like buildings and machinery. It serves as an indicator of private sector investment willingness and includes government investment. GFCF is important because fixed capital boosts economic growth by increasing productivity and living standards. Developed economies tend to have more fixed capital per capita compared to developing ones.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/gross-fixed-capital-formation-gfcf-2/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/gross-fixed-capital-formation-gfcf-2/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about tachyons is correct? (a) Tachyons travel slower than the speed of light in a vacuum. (b) Tachyons have imaginary mass. (c) Tachyons can be detected easily with current technology. (d) Tachyons violate the causality principle. Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: A new paper suggests that the universe may be dominated by particles called tachyons, which move faster than light. About Tachyons: They are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light. Coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967, they’re distinct from bradyons, which travel slower than ligh While bradyons include familiar particles like protons and electrons, tachyons have never been observed. Tachyons violate known principles like causality and are proposed as a potential explanation for dark matter. According to special relativity, particles with mass can’t exceed light speed in a vacuum due to infinite energy. Tachyons, however, are believed to have imaginary mass, allowing faster-than-light travel without violating known physics laws. They would slow down with energy gain and accelerate with energy loss. Experiments using cerenkov detectors have attempted to detect tachyons by measuring particles’ speeds in mediums, where they could exceed light speed, causing cerenkov radiation, akin to a sonic boom or ship bow shock wave. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/tachyons/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: A new paper suggests that the universe may be dominated by particles called tachyons, which move faster than light. About Tachyons: They are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light. Coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967, they’re distinct from bradyons, which travel slower than ligh While bradyons include familiar particles like protons and electrons, tachyons have never been observed. Tachyons violate known principles like causality and are proposed as a potential explanation for dark matter. According to special relativity, particles with mass can’t exceed light speed in a vacuum due to infinite energy. Tachyons, however, are believed to have imaginary mass, allowing faster-than-light travel without violating known physics laws. They would slow down with energy gain and accelerate with energy loss. Experiments using cerenkov detectors have attempted to detect tachyons by measuring particles’ speeds in mediums, where they could exceed light speed, causing cerenkov radiation, akin to a sonic boom or ship bow shock wave. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/tachyons/

#### 6. Question

Which of the following statements about tachyons is correct?

• (a) Tachyons travel slower than the speed of light in a vacuum.

• (b) Tachyons have imaginary mass.

• (c) Tachyons can be detected easily with current technology.

• (d) Tachyons violate the causality principle.

Explanation:

• Context: A new paper suggests that the universe may be dominated by particles called tachyons, which move faster than light.

• About Tachyons: They are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light. Coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967, they’re distinct from bradyons, which travel slower than ligh While bradyons include familiar particles like protons and electrons, tachyons have never been observed. Tachyons violate known principles like causality and are proposed as a potential explanation for dark matter. According to special relativity, particles with mass can’t exceed light speed in a vacuum due to infinite energy. Tachyons, however, are believed to have imaginary mass, allowing faster-than-light travel without violating known physics laws. They would slow down with energy gain and accelerate with energy loss. Experiments using cerenkov detectors have attempted to detect tachyons by measuring particles’ speeds in mediums, where they could exceed light speed, causing cerenkov radiation, akin to a sonic boom or ship bow shock wave.

• They are hypothetical subatomic particles that move faster than the speed of light. Coined by physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967, they’re distinct from bradyons, which travel slower than ligh While bradyons include familiar particles like protons and electrons, tachyons have never been observed. Tachyons violate known principles like causality and are proposed as a potential explanation for dark matter.

• According to special relativity, particles with mass can’t exceed light speed in a vacuum due to infinite energy. Tachyons, however, are believed to have imaginary mass, allowing faster-than-light travel without violating known physics laws. They would slow down with energy gain and accelerate with energy loss.

• Experiments using cerenkov detectors have attempted to detect tachyons by measuring particles’ speeds in mediums, where they could exceed light speed, causing cerenkov radiation, akin to a sonic boom or ship bow shock wave.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/tachyons/

Explanation:

• Context: A new paper suggests that the universe may be dominated by particles called tachyons, which move faster than light.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/tachyons/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Artemis Accords are a treaty signed by several countries to establish a framework for international cooperation in lunar exploration. The Artemis Accords focus solely on the protection of historical lunar landing sites and artifacts. The Artemis Accords were established by the United Nations to govern all space exploration activities. How many of the statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Context: Sweden joined the Artemis Accords, becoming the 38th country to do so. These non-binding arrangements aim to establish norms for outer space activities. About the Artemis Accords: The Artemis Accords are non-binding principles based on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, aiming to guide civil space exploration in the 21st century. They are a US-led international partnership(introduced in 2020 by NASA) – signed by 38 countries till now, including India (signed in 2023), Japan, Australia, the UK, France, and Canada – on planetary exploration and research. They are a set of 13 principles, closely linked to the 2018 US Artemis Program, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface, build a space camp there, and carry out deep space exploration. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/artemis-accords/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 1 is correct. Context: Sweden joined the Artemis Accords, becoming the 38th country to do so. These non-binding arrangements aim to establish norms for outer space activities. About the Artemis Accords: The Artemis Accords are non-binding principles based on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, aiming to guide civil space exploration in the 21st century. They are a US-led international partnership(introduced in 2020 by NASA) – signed by 38 countries till now, including India (signed in 2023), Japan, Australia, the UK, France, and Canada – on planetary exploration and research. They are a set of 13 principles, closely linked to the 2018 US Artemis Program, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface, build a space camp there, and carry out deep space exploration. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/artemis-accords/

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Artemis Accords are a treaty signed by several countries to establish a framework for international cooperation in lunar exploration. The Artemis Accords focus solely on the protection of historical lunar landing sites and artifacts. The Artemis Accords were established by the United Nations to govern all space exploration activities.

• The Artemis Accords are a treaty signed by several countries to establish a framework for international cooperation in lunar exploration.

• The Artemis Accords focus solely on the protection of historical lunar landing sites and artifacts.

• The Artemis Accords were established by the United Nations to govern all space exploration activities.

How many of the statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Only statement 1 is correct.

• Context: Sweden joined the Artemis Accords, becoming the 38th country to do so. These non-binding arrangements aim to establish norms for outer space activities.

• About the Artemis Accords: The Artemis Accords are non-binding principles based on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, aiming to guide civil space exploration in the 21st century. They are a US-led international partnership(introduced in 2020 by NASA) – signed by 38 countries till now, including India (signed in 2023), Japan, Australia, the UK, France, and Canada – on planetary exploration and research. They are a set of 13 principles, closely linked to the 2018 US Artemis Program, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface, build a space camp there, and carry out deep space exploration.

• The Artemis Accords are non-binding principles based on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, aiming to guide civil space exploration in the 21st century.

• They are a US-led international partnership(introduced in 2020 by NASA) – signed by 38 countries till now, including India (signed in 2023), Japan, Australia, the UK, France, and Canada – on planetary exploration and research.

• They are a set of 13 principles, closely linked to the 2018 US Artemis Program, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface, build a space camp there, and carry out deep space exploration.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/artemis-accords/

Explanation:

• Only statement 1 is correct.

• Context: Sweden joined the Artemis Accords, becoming the 38th country to do so. These non-binding arrangements aim to establish norms for outer space activities.

• The Artemis Accords are non-binding principles based on the Outer Space Treaty (OST) of 1967, aiming to guide civil space exploration in the 21st century.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/artemis-accords/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about subsonic cruise missiles is correct? (a) Subsonic cruise missiles travel at speeds greater than Mach 1. (b) Subsonic cruise missiles are primarily designed for high-altitude operations. (c) Subsonic cruise missiles rely on low-altitude flight to avoid detection by radar. (d) Subsonic cruise missiles travel at speeds below the speed of sound. Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: DRDO conducts a successful test of an indigenous long-range subsonic cruise missile (Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM)) from Chandipur, Odisha. The missile, similar to Nirbhay, showcased low-altitude sea-skimming flight with all subsystems performing as expected. Subsonic cruise missiles are designed to travel at speeds below the speed of sound, typically at subsonic speeds. This allows them to fly at lower altitudes, making them less detectable by radar and increasing their ability to penetrate enemy defenses. While supersonic cruise missiles can exceed the speed of sound, subsonic cruise missiles are optimized for their stealth capabilities rather than speed. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: DRDO conducts a successful test of an indigenous long-range subsonic cruise missile (Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM)) from Chandipur, Odisha. The missile, similar to Nirbhay, showcased low-altitude sea-skimming flight with all subsystems performing as expected. Subsonic cruise missiles are designed to travel at speeds below the speed of sound, typically at subsonic speeds. This allows them to fly at lower altitudes, making them less detectable by radar and increasing their ability to penetrate enemy defenses. While supersonic cruise missiles can exceed the speed of sound, subsonic cruise missiles are optimized for their stealth capabilities rather than speed. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

#### 8. Question

Which of the following statements about subsonic cruise missiles is correct?

• (a) Subsonic cruise missiles travel at speeds greater than Mach 1.

• (b) Subsonic cruise missiles are primarily designed for high-altitude operations.

• (c) Subsonic cruise missiles rely on low-altitude flight to avoid detection by radar.

• (d) Subsonic cruise missiles travel at speeds below the speed of sound.

Explanation:

• Context: DRDO conducts a successful test of an indigenous long-range subsonic cruise missile (Indigenous Technology Cruise Missile (ITCM)) from Chandipur, Odisha. The missile, similar to Nirbhay, showcased low-altitude sea-skimming flight with all subsystems performing as expected.

• Subsonic cruise missiles are designed to travel at speeds below the speed of sound, typically at subsonic speeds. This allows them to fly at lower altitudes, making them less detectable by radar and increasing their ability to penetrate enemy defenses. While supersonic cruise missiles can exceed the speed of sound, subsonic cruise missiles are optimized for their stealth capabilities rather than speed.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following statements best describes the difference between cruise missiles and ballistic missiles? (a) Cruise missiles follow a curved trajectory, while ballistic missiles follow a straight trajectory. (b) Ballistic missiles are guided throughout their flight, while cruise missiles are unguided. (c) Cruise missiles are launched from submarines, while ballistic missiles are launched from aircraft. (d) Cruise missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Cruise missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial (boost) phase of flight, after which they follow an arcing trajectory to the target. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Cruise missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial (boost) phase of flight, after which they follow an arcing trajectory to the target. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

#### 9. Question

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between cruise missiles and ballistic missiles?

• (a) Cruise missiles follow a curved trajectory, while ballistic missiles follow a straight trajectory.

• (b) Ballistic missiles are guided throughout their flight, while cruise missiles are unguided.

• (c) Cruise missiles are launched from submarines, while ballistic missiles are launched from aircraft.

• (d) Cruise missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight.

Explanation:

• Cruise missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while ballistic missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial (boost) phase of flight, after which they follow an arcing trajectory to the target.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/indigenous-technology-cruise-missile-itcm/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: The Aral Sea is the largest freshwater lake in the world. The shrinking of the Aral Sea is primarily due to natural climate change. The Aral Sea is located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: About Aral Sea It was once a large saltwater lake (an endorheic lake: a closed basin lake that retains water and does not have an outflow) in Central Asia, and now lies on the boundary between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It has drastically shrunk due to human activities like excessive irrigation. It was once the world’s fourth-largest lake. UNESCO has recognized the environmental tragedy of the Aral Sea by adding historical documents to its Memory of the World Register. Other important lakes that have also shrunk in the last few decades include Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran, situated in a large central depression, and Lake Hamoun, a freshwater lake on the Iran-Afghanistan border. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/aral-sea-2/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: About Aral Sea It was once a large saltwater lake (an endorheic lake: a closed basin lake that retains water and does not have an outflow) in Central Asia, and now lies on the boundary between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It has drastically shrunk due to human activities like excessive irrigation. It was once the world’s fourth-largest lake. UNESCO has recognized the environmental tragedy of the Aral Sea by adding historical documents to its Memory of the World Register. Other important lakes that have also shrunk in the last few decades include Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran, situated in a large central depression, and Lake Hamoun, a freshwater lake on the Iran-Afghanistan border. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/aral-sea-2/

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Aral Sea is the largest freshwater lake in the world. The shrinking of the Aral Sea is primarily due to natural climate change. The Aral Sea is located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

• The Aral Sea is the largest freshwater lake in the world.

• The shrinking of the Aral Sea is primarily due to natural climate change.

• The Aral Sea is located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation: About Aral Sea

• It was once a large saltwater lake (an endorheic lake: a closed basin lake that retains water and does not have an outflow) in Central Asia, and now lies on the boundary between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It has drastically shrunk due to human activities like excessive irrigation. It was once the world’s fourth-largest lake. UNESCO has recognized the environmental tragedy of the Aral Sea by adding historical documents to its Memory of the World Register.

• Other important lakes that have also shrunk in the last few decades include Lake Urmia in northwestern Iran, situated in a large central depression, and Lake Hamoun, a freshwater lake on the Iran-Afghanistan border.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/aral-sea-2/

Explanation: About Aral Sea

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/20/aral-sea-2/

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