UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 21 November 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

#### Quiz-summary

0 of 10 questions completed

Questions:

#### Information

Best of luck! 🙂

You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.

Quiz is loading...

You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.

You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:

0 of 10 questions answered correctly

Your time:

Time has elapsed

You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)

Average score |

Your score |

#### Categories

• Not categorized 0%

Pos. | Name | Entered on | Points | Result

Table is loading

No data available

| | | |

• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Dugong (Dugong dugon): Statement I: Dugongs are often referred to as “ecosystem engineers” in shallow coastal waters. Statement II: Dugongs are exclusively herbivorous marine mammals that feed heavily on seagrass meadows. Statement III: The grazing activity of Dugongs prevents the overgrowth of seagrass, thereby maintaining the health of beds which act as significant blue carbon sinks. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct: Dugongs are called “ecosystem engineers” because their behavior significantly modifies, maintains, and creates habitats. Statement II is correct: Dugongs are exclusively herbivorous, unlike their relative the manatee (which may occasionally eat small invertebrates). They rely entirely on seagrass. This dietary habit is the foundational reason for their interaction with the ecosystem. Statement III is correct: Their heavy grazing (consuming 30-40 kg daily) acts as a pruning mechanism. It prevents seagrass overgrowth, encourages fresh regrowth, and ensures the meadow remains productive. Highly productive seagrass meadows are efficient blue carbon sinks (sequestering carbon in sediments). Both Statement II (their diet) and Statement III (the consequence of their grazing) are required to fully explain why they are termed ecosystem engineers. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct: Dugongs are called “ecosystem engineers” because their behavior significantly modifies, maintains, and creates habitats. Statement II is correct: Dugongs are exclusively herbivorous, unlike their relative the manatee (which may occasionally eat small invertebrates). They rely entirely on seagrass. This dietary habit is the foundational reason for their interaction with the ecosystem. Statement III is correct: Their heavy grazing (consuming 30-40 kg daily) acts as a pruning mechanism. It prevents seagrass overgrowth, encourages fresh regrowth, and ensures the meadow remains productive. Highly productive seagrass meadows are efficient blue carbon sinks (sequestering carbon in sediments). Both Statement II (their diet) and Statement III (the consequence of their grazing) are required to fully explain why they are termed ecosystem engineers.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Dugong (Dugong dugon):

Statement I: Dugongs are often referred to as “ecosystem engineers” in shallow coastal waters.

Statement II: Dugongs are exclusively herbivorous marine mammals that feed heavily on seagrass meadows.

Statement III: The grazing activity of Dugongs prevents the overgrowth of seagrass, thereby maintaining the health of beds which act as significant blue carbon sinks.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I

• (b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I

• (c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I

• (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct: Dugongs are called “ecosystem engineers” because their behavior significantly modifies, maintains, and creates habitats.

• Statement II is correct: Dugongs are exclusively herbivorous, unlike their relative the manatee (which may occasionally eat small invertebrates). They rely entirely on seagrass. This dietary habit is the foundational reason for their interaction with the ecosystem.

• Statement III is correct: Their heavy grazing (consuming 30-40 kg daily) acts as a pruning mechanism. It prevents seagrass overgrowth, encourages fresh regrowth, and ensures the meadow remains productive. Highly productive seagrass meadows are efficient blue carbon sinks (sequestering carbon in sediments).

• Both Statement II (their diet) and Statement III (the consequence of their grazing) are required to fully explain why they are termed ecosystem engineers.

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct: Dugongs are called “ecosystem engineers” because their behavior significantly modifies, maintains, and creates habitats.

• Both Statement II (their diet) and Statement III (the consequence of their grazing) are required to fully explain why they are termed ecosystem engineers.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points With reference to the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO), consider the following statements: It is the only observatory in India capable of monitoring the Sun’s polar magnetic fields in real-time. The observatory has digitised solar images dating back to the early 20th century. Data from KoSO was recently used to reconstruct the Sun’s magnetic history to predict the strength of Solar Cycle 25. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: KoSO is a historic observatory. While it has a long archive, it is not the only observatory in India monitoring the Sun. The Udaipur Solar Observatory and others also exist. Statement 2 is correct: KoSO was established in 1899 and began systematic solar imaging in 1904. It possesses one of the world’s longest continuous solar data archives, specifically in the Ca II K wavelength, which creates images of the chromosphere (plages, magnetic networks). Statement 3 is correct: Researchers from ARIES and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru utilized this century-long archival data (1904–2022) to reconstruct the Sun’s polar magnetic fields. This reconstruction is vital for understanding the sun’s magnetic future and predicting the intensity of Solar Cycle 25 and associated space weather events. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: KoSO is a historic observatory. While it has a long archive, it is not the only observatory in India monitoring the Sun. The Udaipur Solar Observatory and others also exist. Statement 2 is correct: KoSO was established in 1899 and began systematic solar imaging in 1904. It possesses one of the world’s longest continuous solar data archives, specifically in the Ca II K wavelength, which creates images of the chromosphere (plages, magnetic networks). Statement 3 is correct: Researchers from ARIES and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru utilized this century-long archival data (1904–2022) to reconstruct the Sun’s polar magnetic fields. This reconstruction is vital for understanding the sun’s magnetic future and predicting the intensity of Solar Cycle 25 and associated space weather events.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO), consider the following statements:

• It is the only observatory in India capable of monitoring the Sun’s polar magnetic fields in real-time.

• The observatory has digitised solar images dating back to the early 20th century.

• Data from KoSO was recently used to reconstruct the Sun’s magnetic history to predict the strength of Solar Cycle 25.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect: KoSO is a historic observatory. While it has a long archive, it is not the only observatory in India monitoring the Sun. The Udaipur Solar Observatory and others also exist.

• Statement 2 is correct: KoSO was established in 1899 and began systematic solar imaging in 1904. It possesses one of the world’s longest continuous solar data archives, specifically in the Ca II K wavelength, which creates images of the chromosphere (plages, magnetic networks).

• Statement 3 is correct: Researchers from ARIES and Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru utilized this century-long archival data (1904–2022) to reconstruct the Sun’s polar magnetic fields. This reconstruction is vital for understanding the sun’s magnetic future and predicting the intensity of Solar Cycle 25 and associated space weather events.

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding ‘BIRSA 101’ Gene therapy: Statement I: BIRSA 101 is an indigenous gene therapy designed to provide a potential lifelong cure for Sickle Cell Disease using CRISPR technology. Statement II: The therapy utilizes a precise genetic modification mechanism to correct the mutation in stem cells that is responsible for the production of sickle-shaped red blood cells. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct: BIRSA 101 is India’s first indigenously developed CRISPR-based gene therapy. It aims to cure Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a hereditary disorder prevalent in India’s tribal populations. It represents a shift from management to a potential “one-time cure.” Statement II is correct: The mechanism involves extracting the patient’s stem cells and using CRISPR (enFnCas9) technology to perform “precise genetic surgery.” This edits the defective gene responsible for the abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to sickle. Explanation Logic: Statement II explains the technological mechanism (how it works) that validates the claim made in Statement I (that it is a gene therapy for SCD). Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct: BIRSA 101 is India’s first indigenously developed CRISPR-based gene therapy. It aims to cure Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a hereditary disorder prevalent in India’s tribal populations. It represents a shift from management to a potential “one-time cure.” Statement II is correct: The mechanism involves extracting the patient’s stem cells and using CRISPR (enFnCas9) technology to perform “precise genetic surgery.” This edits the defective gene responsible for the abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to sickle. Explanation Logic: Statement II explains the technological mechanism (how it works) that validates the claim made in Statement I (that it is a gene therapy for SCD).

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding ‘BIRSA 101’ Gene therapy:

Statement I: BIRSA 101 is an indigenous gene therapy designed to provide a potential lifelong cure for Sickle Cell Disease using CRISPR technology.

Statement II: The therapy utilizes a precise genetic modification mechanism to correct the mutation in stem cells that is responsible for the production of sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct: BIRSA 101 is India’s first indigenously developed CRISPR-based gene therapy. It aims to cure Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a hereditary disorder prevalent in India’s tribal populations. It represents a shift from management to a potential “one-time cure.”

• Statement II is correct: The mechanism involves extracting the patient’s stem cells and using CRISPR (enFnCas9) technology to perform “precise genetic surgery.” This edits the defective gene responsible for the abnormal hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to sickle.

• Explanation Logic: Statement II explains the technological mechanism (how it works) that validates the claim made in Statement I (that it is a gene therapy for SCD).

Solution: A

• Explanation Logic: Statement II explains the technological mechanism (how it works) that validates the claim made in Statement I (that it is a gene therapy for SCD).

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points With reference to the ‘Major Non-NATO Ally’ (MNNA) status, consider the following statements: It is a designation mandated by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) charter for strategic partners outside Europe. MNNA status obligates the United States to provide mutual defense guarantees to the designated country in case of external aggression. Countries with MNNA status are eligible to host U.S. War Reserve Stockpiles on their territory. India was designated as a Major Non-NATO Ally to facilitate high-end defence technology transfer. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect: MNNA is a designation under S. Law (not the NATO charter). It is a unilateral designation by the US government, not by the NATO alliance itself. Statement 2 is incorrect: MNNA status provides military and financial privileges but does not offer formal NATO-style security guarantees (Article 5 mutual defense). Statement 3 is correct: MNNA countries are eligible to host S. War Reserve Stockpiles, which allows for rapid joint military response and access to materials in emergencies. They also get priority delivery of excess defense articles. Statement 4 is incorrect: India is NOT an MNNA. India was designated as a “Major Defence Partner” (MDP) in 2016. This is a unique status specific to India, distinct from the standard MNNA list (which includes Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, etc.). Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect: MNNA is a designation under S. Law (not the NATO charter). It is a unilateral designation by the US government, not by the NATO alliance itself. Statement 2 is incorrect: MNNA status provides military and financial privileges but does not offer formal NATO-style security guarantees (Article 5 mutual defense). Statement 3 is correct: MNNA countries are eligible to host S. War Reserve Stockpiles, which allows for rapid joint military response and access to materials in emergencies. They also get priority delivery of excess defense articles. Statement 4 is incorrect: India is NOT an MNNA. India was designated as a “Major Defence Partner” (MDP) in 2016. This is a unique status specific to India, distinct from the standard MNNA list (which includes Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, etc.).

#### 4. Question

With reference to the ‘Major Non-NATO Ally’ (MNNA) status, consider the following statements:

• It is a designation mandated by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) charter for strategic partners outside Europe.

• MNNA status obligates the United States to provide mutual defense guarantees to the designated country in case of external aggression.

• Countries with MNNA status are eligible to host U.S. War Reserve Stockpiles on their territory.

• India was designated as a Major Non-NATO Ally to facilitate high-end defence technology transfer.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect: MNNA is a designation under S. Law (not the NATO charter). It is a unilateral designation by the US government, not by the NATO alliance itself.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: MNNA status provides military and financial privileges but does not offer formal NATO-style security guarantees (Article 5 mutual defense).

• Statement 3 is correct: MNNA countries are eligible to host S. War Reserve Stockpiles, which allows for rapid joint military response and access to materials in emergencies. They also get priority delivery of excess defense articles.

• Statement 4 is incorrect: India is NOT an MNNA. India was designated as a “Major Defence Partner” (MDP) in 2016. This is a unique status specific to India, distinct from the standard MNNA list (which includes Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, etc.).

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect: MNNA is a designation under S. Law (not the NATO charter). It is a unilateral designation by the US government, not by the NATO alliance itself.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: MNNA status provides military and financial privileges but does not offer formal NATO-style security guarantees (Article 5 mutual defense).

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag in India: Statement I: The Meerut Bugle was recently granted a GI tag, acknowledging its specific geographical origin and traditional manufacturing reputation. Statement II: The Geographical Indications Registry, which grants these tags, operates under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture to preserve Indian heritage. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement I is correct: The Meerut Bugle, a brass wind instrument used in military parades, has received a GI tag. This recognizes its origin in Meerut (dating back to the 19th century) and its specific quality/reputation. Statement II is incorrect: The Geographical Indications Registry is located in Chennai. However, it does not operate under the Ministry of Culture. It functions under the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, which falls under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. GI tags are primarily Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and trade tools, not just cultural preservation tools. Incorrect Solution: C Statement I is correct: The Meerut Bugle, a brass wind instrument used in military parades, has received a GI tag. This recognizes its origin in Meerut (dating back to the 19th century) and its specific quality/reputation. Statement II is incorrect: The Geographical Indications Registry is located in Chennai. However, it does not operate under the Ministry of Culture. It functions under the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, which falls under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. GI tags are primarily Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and trade tools, not just cultural preservation tools.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag in India:

Statement I: The Meerut Bugle was recently granted a GI tag, acknowledging its specific geographical origin and traditional manufacturing reputation.

Statement II: The Geographical Indications Registry, which grants these tags, operates under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture to preserve Indian heritage.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement I is correct: The Meerut Bugle, a brass wind instrument used in military parades, has received a GI tag. This recognizes its origin in Meerut (dating back to the 19th century) and its specific quality/reputation.

• Statement II is incorrect: The Geographical Indications Registry is located in Chennai. However, it does not operate under the Ministry of Culture. It functions under the Office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs & Trade Marks, which falls under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry. GI tags are primarily Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and trade tools, not just cultural preservation tools.

Solution: C

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): It is a hereditary blood disorder that causes red blood cells to become rigid and sticky, resembling a farm tool. The disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that instructs the body to make hemoglobin. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct: SCD is a genetic condition where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle-shaped (like a farm sickle), rigid, and sticky, blocking blood flow and causing pain/organ damage. Statement 2 is correct: It results from a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. This results in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS). Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct: SCD is a genetic condition where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle-shaped (like a farm sickle), rigid, and sticky, blocking blood flow and causing pain/organ damage. Statement 2 is correct: It results from a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. This results in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS).

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Sickle Cell Disease (SCD):

• It is a hereditary blood disorder that causes red blood cells to become rigid and sticky, resembling a farm tool.

• The disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that instructs the body to make hemoglobin.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct: SCD is a genetic condition where red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle-shaped (like a farm sickle), rigid, and sticky, blocking blood flow and causing pain/organ damage.

• Statement 2 is correct: It results from a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. This results in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS).

Solution: C

• Statement 2 is correct: It results from a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. This results in abnormal hemoglobin (HbS).

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the geographical distribution of the Dugong: In India, they are typically found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, and the Sundarbans Delta. Globally, their range extends from East Africa to Australia. They are strictly confined to the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean. How many of the above statements are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: In India, Dugongs are found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar (Palk Bay), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. They are not typically found in the Sundarbans (which is a deltaic mangrove swamp with different salinity and vegetation profiles compared to the seagrass beds Dugongs require). Statement 2 is correct: Their global distribution is broad, ranging from East Africa across the Indian Ocean to Australia in the Pacific. Statement 3 is incorrect: They are found in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans (e.g., Australia, Pacific islands), not strictly just the Indian Ocean. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is incorrect: In India, Dugongs are found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar (Palk Bay), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. They are not typically found in the Sundarbans (which is a deltaic mangrove swamp with different salinity and vegetation profiles compared to the seagrass beds Dugongs require). Statement 2 is correct: Their global distribution is broad, ranging from East Africa across the Indian Ocean to Australia in the Pacific. Statement 3 is incorrect: They are found in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans (e.g., Australia, Pacific islands), not strictly just the Indian Ocean.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the geographical distribution of the Dugong:

• In India, they are typically found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, and the Sundarbans Delta.

• Globally, their range extends from East Africa to Australia.

• They are strictly confined to the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean.

How many of the above statements are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is incorrect: In India, Dugongs are found in the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar (Palk Bay), and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. They are not typically found in the Sundarbans (which is a deltaic mangrove swamp with different salinity and vegetation profiles compared to the seagrass beds Dugongs require).

• Statement 2 is correct: Their global distribution is broad, ranging from East Africa across the Indian Ocean to Australia in the Pacific.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: They are found in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans (e.g., Australia, Pacific islands), not strictly just the Indian Ocean.

Solution: B

• Statement 2 is correct: Their global distribution is broad, ranging from East Africa across the Indian Ocean to Australia in the Pacific.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: They are found in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans (e.g., Australia, Pacific islands), not strictly just the Indian Ocean.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Which of the following is a correct feature of the ‘Meerut Bugle’? (a) It is a percussion instrument traditionally made of copper and zinc alloy. (b) The craft of making this instrument in Meerut dates back to the Mughal era. (c) The GI tag for this instrument is shared between Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. (d) It is a brass wind instrument that has become integral to Indian military ceremonial tradition. Correct Solution: D Option (d) is correct: The Meerut Bugle is a brass wind instrument (not percussion). It is used in military drills and parades. Option (a) is incorrect: While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, it is a wind instrument, not percussion. Option (b) is incorrect: The tradition in Meerut dates back to the late 19th century (British Era), when it became integral to battlefield communication, not the Mughal era. Option (c) is incorrect: The GI tag is specific to the region of Meerut (Uttar Pradesh). Incorrect Solution: D Option (d) is correct: The Meerut Bugle is a brass wind instrument (not percussion). It is used in military drills and parades. Option (a) is incorrect: While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, it is a wind instrument, not percussion. Option (b) is incorrect: The tradition in Meerut dates back to the late 19th century (British Era), when it became integral to battlefield communication, not the Mughal era. Option (c) is incorrect: The GI tag is specific to the region of Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).

#### 8. Question

Which of the following is a correct feature of the ‘Meerut Bugle’?

• (a) It is a percussion instrument traditionally made of copper and zinc alloy.

• (b) The craft of making this instrument in Meerut dates back to the Mughal era.

• (c) The GI tag for this instrument is shared between Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

• (d) It is a brass wind instrument that has become integral to Indian military ceremonial tradition.

Solution: D

• Option (d) is correct: The Meerut Bugle is a brass wind instrument (not percussion). It is used in military drills and parades.

• Option (a) is incorrect: While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, it is a wind instrument, not percussion.

• Option (b) is incorrect: The tradition in Meerut dates back to the late 19th century (British Era), when it became integral to battlefield communication, not the Mughal era.

• Option (c) is incorrect: The GI tag is specific to the region of Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).

Solution: D

• Option (d) is correct: The Meerut Bugle is a brass wind instrument (not percussion). It is used in military drills and parades.

• Option (a) is incorrect: While brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, it is a wind instrument, not percussion.

• Option (b) is incorrect: The tradition in Meerut dates back to the late 19th century (British Era), when it became integral to battlefield communication, not the Mughal era.

• Option (c) is incorrect: The GI tag is specific to the region of Meerut (Uttar Pradesh).

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the ‘Ocean Taskforce’: It is supported by France and Brazil. Its primary role is to help governments embed ocean solutions into their updated 2030 climate plans. It operates under the International Maritime Organization (IMO). How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct: The Ocean Taskforce is a key component of the Blue NDC Challenge and is supported by France and Brazil. Statement 2 is correct: The specific mandate of this taskforce is to assist governments in integrating (embedding) ocean-based solutions into their revised or updated 2030 climate plans (NDCs). Statement 3 is incorrect: It is part of the broader Blue NDC initiative framework, which is a collaborative global initiative, not strictly an IMO body. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct: The Ocean Taskforce is a key component of the Blue NDC Challenge and is supported by France and Brazil. Statement 2 is correct: The specific mandate of this taskforce is to assist governments in integrating (embedding) ocean-based solutions into their revised or updated 2030 climate plans (NDCs). Statement 3 is incorrect: It is part of the broader Blue NDC initiative framework, which is a collaborative global initiative, not strictly an IMO body.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements about the ‘Ocean Taskforce’:

• It is supported by France and Brazil.

• Its primary role is to help governments embed ocean solutions into their updated 2030 climate plans.

• It operates under the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct: The Ocean Taskforce is a key component of the Blue NDC Challenge and is supported by France and Brazil.

• Statement 2 is correct: The specific mandate of this taskforce is to assist governments in integrating (embedding) ocean-based solutions into their revised or updated 2030 climate plans (NDCs).

• Statement 3 is incorrect: It is part of the broader Blue NDC initiative framework, which is a collaborative global initiative, not strictly an IMO body.

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is correct: The Ocean Taskforce is a key component of the Blue NDC Challenge and is supported by France and Brazil.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: It is part of the broader Blue NDC initiative framework, which is a collaborative global initiative, not strictly an IMO body.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Meaconing. Meaconing is a type of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference that involves the intentional transmission of high-power noise, making the receiver unable to compute a location. It is generally the easiest form of GNSS interference to detect in the cockpit due to the abrupt loss of all navigational data. The technique primarily affects the aircraft’s Inertial Reference System (IRS), rendering it non-functional for an extended period. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Meaconing is a type of GNSS signal manipulation in which an adversary captures genuine satellite navigation signals, delays them, and then rebroadcasts them. The objective is to mislead the receiver with false but valid-looking signals, causing incorrect positioning. Statement 1 is incorrect: The description is for GNSS Jamming. Meaconing is a subtle form of interference where original satellite signals are captured and re-broadcast with a delay, which tricks receivers without generating obvious alarm signals. Statement 2 is incorrect: The abrupt loss of data is typical of Jamming. Meaconing does not cause sudden loss of GNSS data. Instead, it causes deceptively valid but wrong position data, making it harder to detect compared to jamming. Pilots may not immediately recognize the deception. Statement 3 is incorrect: Meaconing or Spoofing corrupts the GNSS receiver data. The Inertial Reference System (IRS) acts as a crucial backup system, providing safe and independent navigation for several hours, and is not primarily affected by these signal manipulations. Incorrect Solution: D Meaconing is a type of GNSS signal manipulation in which an adversary captures genuine satellite navigation signals, delays them, and then rebroadcasts them. The objective is to mislead the receiver with false but valid-looking signals, causing incorrect positioning. Statement 1 is incorrect: The description is for GNSS Jamming. Meaconing is a subtle form of interference where original satellite signals are captured and re-broadcast with a delay, which tricks receivers without generating obvious alarm signals. Statement 2 is incorrect: The abrupt loss of data is typical of Jamming. Meaconing does not cause sudden loss of GNSS data. Instead, it causes deceptively valid but wrong position data, making it harder to detect compared to jamming. Pilots may not immediately recognize the deception. Statement 3 is incorrect: Meaconing or Spoofing corrupts the GNSS receiver data. The Inertial Reference System (IRS) acts as a crucial backup system, providing safe and independent navigation for several hours, and is not primarily affected by these signal manipulations.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Meaconing.

• Meaconing is a type of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference that involves the intentional transmission of high-power noise, making the receiver unable to compute a location.

• It is generally the easiest form of GNSS interference to detect in the cockpit due to the abrupt loss of all navigational data.

• The technique primarily affects the aircraft’s Inertial Reference System (IRS), rendering it non-functional for an extended period.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

Meaconing is a type of GNSS signal manipulation in which an adversary captures genuine satellite navigation signals, delays them, and then rebroadcasts them.

The objective is to mislead the receiver with false but valid-looking signals, causing incorrect positioning.

• Statement 1 is incorrect: The description is for GNSS Jamming. Meaconing is a subtle form of interference where original satellite signals are captured and re-broadcast with a delay, which tricks receivers without generating obvious alarm signals.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: The abrupt loss of data is typical of Jamming. Meaconing does not cause sudden loss of GNSS data. Instead, it causes deceptively valid but wrong position data, making it harder to detect compared to jamming. Pilots may not immediately recognize the deception.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: Meaconing or Spoofing corrupts the GNSS receiver data. The Inertial Reference System (IRS) acts as a crucial backup system, providing safe and independent navigation for several hours, and is not primarily affected by these signal manipulations.

Solution: D

Meaconing is a type of GNSS signal manipulation in which an adversary captures genuine satellite navigation signals, delays them, and then rebroadcasts them.

The objective is to mislead the receiver with false but valid-looking signals, causing incorrect positioning.

Join our Official Telegram Channel HERE for Motivation and Fast Updates for

Join our Twitter Channel HERE

Follow our Instagram Channel HERE