UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 21 August 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the International Criminal Court (ICC): The ICC can conduct trials in absentia if an accused individual refuses to appear. The ICC’s rulings are legally binding on all UN member states. The ICC can prosecute individuals accused of crimes even if their national government refuses to cooperate. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Only Statement 3 is correct. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is governed by the Rome Statute and operates independently of the United Nations. It does not conduct trials in absentia, meaning an accused individual must be physically present during proceedings. This ensures that the rights of the accused, including the right to a defense, are upheld. The ICC’s rulings are legally binding only on the 120+ countries that have ratified the Rome Statute, not on all UN member states, as several major countries, including the United States, China, and India, are not party to the treaty. Despite this, the ICC has mechanisms to prosecute individuals even if their national government does not cooperate. If a case is referred by the UN Security Council or if the alleged crimes occurred in a country under ICC jurisdiction, the Court can proceed with investigations and issue arrest warrants, relying on international cooperation for enforcement. Incorrect Solution: B Only Statement 3 is correct. The International Criminal Court (ICC) is governed by the Rome Statute and operates independently of the United Nations. It does not conduct trials in absentia, meaning an accused individual must be physically present during proceedings. This ensures that the rights of the accused, including the right to a defense, are upheld. The ICC’s rulings are legally binding only on the 120+ countries that have ratified the Rome Statute, not on all UN member states, as several major countries, including the United States, China, and India, are not party to the treaty. Despite this, the ICC has mechanisms to prosecute individuals even if their national government does not cooperate. If a case is referred by the UN Security Council or if the alleged crimes occurred in a country under ICC jurisdiction, the Court can proceed with investigations and issue arrest warrants, relying on international cooperation for enforcement.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the International Criminal Court (ICC):

• The ICC can conduct trials in absentia if an accused individual refuses to appear.

• The ICC’s rulings are legally binding on all UN member states.

• The ICC can prosecute individuals accused of crimes even if their national government refuses to cooperate.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Only Statement 3 is correct.

• The International Criminal Court (ICC) is governed by the Rome Statute and operates independently of the United Nations.

• It does not conduct trials in absentia, meaning an accused individual must be physically present during proceedings. This ensures that the rights of the accused, including the right to a defense, are upheld.

• The ICC’s rulings are legally binding only on the 120+ countries that have ratified the Rome Statute, not on all UN member states, as several major countries, including the United States, China, and India, are not party to the treaty.

• Despite this, the ICC has mechanisms to prosecute individuals even if their national government does not cooperate. If a case is referred by the UN Security Council or if the alleged crimes occurred in a country under ICC jurisdiction, the Court can proceed with investigations and issue arrest warrants, relying on international cooperation for enforcement.

Solution: B

Only Statement 3 is correct.

• The International Criminal Court (ICC) is governed by the Rome Statute and operates independently of the United Nations.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC): The PAC mainly examines cases of financial mismanagement in public sector enterprises (PSUs). The PAC’s recommendations are binding on the government. The PAC submits its reports to the President of India. PAC members are elected annually by proportional representation. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: B Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect. The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a crucial parliamentary committee responsible for auditing government expenditures to ensure they align with parliamentary approvals. The primary and dedicated committee for examining Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) is the Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU). However, the PAC’s recommendations are not binding; they serve as advisory suggestions to improve financial accountability and governance. The government may accept or reject these recommendations at its discretion. The PAC submits its reports to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha rather than the President of India. This aligns with its role as a parliamentary oversight body. The committee consists of members from both houses of Parliament, but ministers cannot be part of it. Members are elected annually through a system of proportional representation, ensuring fair representation of political parties. This process helps maintain neutrality and effectiveness in scrutinizing public expenditures. Incorrect Solution: B Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect. The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a crucial parliamentary committee responsible for auditing government expenditures to ensure they align with parliamentary approvals. The primary and dedicated committee for examining Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) is the Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU). However, the PAC’s recommendations are not binding; they serve as advisory suggestions to improve financial accountability and governance. The government may accept or reject these recommendations at its discretion. The PAC submits its reports to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha rather than the President of India. This aligns with its role as a parliamentary oversight body. The committee consists of members from both houses of Parliament, but ministers cannot be part of it. Members are elected annually through a system of proportional representation, ensuring fair representation of political parties. This process helps maintain neutrality and effectiveness in scrutinizing public expenditures.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC):

• The PAC mainly examines cases of financial mismanagement in public sector enterprises (PSUs).

• The PAC’s recommendations are binding on the government.

• The PAC submits its reports to the President of India.

• PAC members are elected annually by proportional representation.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: B

Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.

• The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a crucial parliamentary committee responsible for auditing government expenditures to ensure they align with parliamentary approvals.

• The primary and dedicated committee for examining Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) is the Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU).

• However, the PAC’s recommendations are not binding; they serve as advisory suggestions to improve financial accountability and governance. The government may accept or reject these recommendations at its discretion.

• The PAC submits its reports to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha rather than the President of India. This aligns with its role as a parliamentary oversight body. The committee consists of members from both houses of Parliament, but ministers cannot be part of it. Members are elected annually through a system of proportional representation, ensuring fair representation of political parties. This process helps maintain neutrality and effectiveness in scrutinizing public expenditures.

Solution: B

Statements 1 and 3 are incorrect.

• The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a crucial parliamentary committee responsible for auditing government expenditures to ensure they align with parliamentary approvals.

• The primary and dedicated committee for examining Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) is the Committee on Public Undertakings (COPU).

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Gram Sabha: Gram Sabha elects the members of the State Legislative Assembly directly. Gram Sabha meetings are chaired by the District Collector. The Governor of the state is responsible for approving Gram Sabha resolutions. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C The Gram Sabha is a crucial institution of local self-governance in India, consisting of all registered voters within a village panchayat area. It functions as a direct democracy where people collectively make decisions regarding local development and governance. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gram Sabha does not elect members of the State Legislative Assembly. Instead, it is a grassroots body that discusses and approves local development plans, monitors the work of the Gram Panchayat, and ensures transparency in governance. Statement 2 is incorrect since Gram Sabha meetings are chaired by the Sarpanch, who is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat, not the District Collector. The District Collector has an administrative role but does not preside over Gram Sabha meetings. Statement 3 is incorrect because Gram Sabha resolutions do not require approval from the Governor. These resolutions are primarily implemented at the local level by the Gram Panchayat. Incorrect Solution: C The Gram Sabha is a crucial institution of local self-governance in India, consisting of all registered voters within a village panchayat area. It functions as a direct democracy where people collectively make decisions regarding local development and governance. Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gram Sabha does not elect members of the State Legislative Assembly. Instead, it is a grassroots body that discusses and approves local development plans, monitors the work of the Gram Panchayat, and ensures transparency in governance. Statement 2 is incorrect since Gram Sabha meetings are chaired by the Sarpanch, who is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat, not the District Collector. The District Collector has an administrative role but does not preside over Gram Sabha meetings. Statement 3 is incorrect because Gram Sabha resolutions do not require approval from the Governor. These resolutions are primarily implemented at the local level by the Gram Panchayat.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Gram Sabha:

• Gram Sabha elects the members of the State Legislative Assembly directly.

• Gram Sabha meetings are chaired by the District Collector.

• The Governor of the state is responsible for approving Gram Sabha resolutions.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• The Gram Sabha is a crucial institution of local self-governance in India, consisting of all registered voters within a village panchayat area. It functions as a direct democracy where people collectively make decisions regarding local development and governance.

• Statement 1 is incorrect because the Gram Sabha does not elect members of the State Legislative Assembly. Instead, it is a grassroots body that discusses and approves local development plans, monitors the work of the Gram Panchayat, and ensures transparency in governance.

• Statement 2 is incorrect since Gram Sabha meetings are chaired by the Sarpanch, who is the elected head of the Gram Panchayat, not the District Collector. The District Collector has an administrative role but does not preside over Gram Sabha meetings.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because Gram Sabha resolutions do not require approval from the Governor. These resolutions are primarily implemented at the local level by the Gram Panchayat.

Solution: C

• Statement 3 is incorrect because Gram Sabha resolutions do not require approval from the Governor. These resolutions are primarily implemented at the local level by the Gram Panchayat.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the role of Constitutional Morality in India: It strengthens constitutional governance by upholding fundamental rights over customs or traditions. It was explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution as a guiding principle. It has been invoked in cases related to personal liberty, gender justice, and equality. It allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are threatened. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 3, and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: B Constitutional morality is a judicially recognized principle that ensures governance aligns with constitutional values, even when societal norms or traditions conflict with fundamental rights. It emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity over regressive customs. Statement 1 is correct because constitutional morality strengthens governance by ensuring that practices violating fundamental rights, such as caste discrimination or gender inequality, do not prevail over constitutional principles. Statement 2 is incorrect since constitutional morality was not explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution. Instead, it has been interpreted and developed by courts over time, particularly in landmark judgments concerning social justice and fundamental rights. Statement 3 is correct, as courts have applied constitutional morality in cases such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (decriminalization of homosexuality), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (Triple Talaq case), and Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala temple entry case). Statement 4 is correct because constitutional morality allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are under threat. The judiciary has used this principle to challenge practices that undermine equality, liberty, or dignity. Incorrect Solution: B Constitutional morality is a judicially recognized principle that ensures governance aligns with constitutional values, even when societal norms or traditions conflict with fundamental rights. It emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity over regressive customs. Statement 1 is correct because constitutional morality strengthens governance by ensuring that practices violating fundamental rights, such as caste discrimination or gender inequality, do not prevail over constitutional principles. Statement 2 is incorrect since constitutional morality was not explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution. Instead, it has been interpreted and developed by courts over time, particularly in landmark judgments concerning social justice and fundamental rights. Statement 3 is correct, as courts have applied constitutional morality in cases such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (decriminalization of homosexuality), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (Triple Talaq case), and Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala temple entry case). Statement 4 is correct because constitutional morality allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are under threat. The judiciary has used this principle to challenge practices that undermine equality, liberty, or dignity.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the role of Constitutional Morality in India:

• It strengthens constitutional governance by upholding fundamental rights over customs or traditions.

• It was explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution as a guiding principle.

• It has been invoked in cases related to personal liberty, gender justice, and equality.

• It allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are threatened.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1, 3, and 4 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: B

• Constitutional morality is a judicially recognized principle that ensures governance aligns with constitutional values, even when societal norms or traditions conflict with fundamental rights. It emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity over regressive customs.

• Statement 1 is correct because constitutional morality strengthens governance by ensuring that practices violating fundamental rights, such as caste discrimination or gender inequality, do not prevail over constitutional principles.

• Statement 2 is incorrect since constitutional morality was not explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution. Instead, it has been interpreted and developed by courts over time, particularly in landmark judgments concerning social justice and fundamental rights.

• Statement 3 is correct, as courts have applied constitutional morality in cases such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (decriminalization of homosexuality), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (Triple Talaq case), and Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala temple entry case).

• Statement 4 is correct because constitutional morality allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are under threat. The judiciary has used this principle to challenge practices that undermine equality, liberty, or dignity.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Genetic screening. Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders. It offers insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs of a person. Genetic screening can help in increasing the performance of athletes. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: D Athletes worldwide are increasingly turning to genetic screening to enhance their performance. This emerging science offers valuable insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs, and other physiological factors. The Board of Control for Cricket in India has been using genetic tests since 2017 to improve players’ physical capabilities, including speed, endurance, recovery time, and muscle-building. Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders. It involves testing genetic material—chromosomes, genes, or proteins—to detect changes that might increase disease risk. By identifying altered genes, genetic screening helps determine risk and offers preventive measures and early treatment options. Incorrect Solution: D Athletes worldwide are increasingly turning to genetic screening to enhance their performance. This emerging science offers valuable insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs, and other physiological factors. The Board of Control for Cricket in India has been using genetic tests since 2017 to improve players’ physical capabilities, including speed, endurance, recovery time, and muscle-building. Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders. It involves testing genetic material—chromosomes, genes, or proteins—to detect changes that might increase disease risk. By identifying altered genes, genetic screening helps determine risk and offers preventive measures and early treatment options.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Genetic screening.

• Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders.

• It offers insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs of a person.

• Genetic screening can help in increasing the performance of athletes.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 3 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: D

Athletes worldwide are increasingly turning to genetic screening to enhance their performance.

• This emerging science offers valuable insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs, and other physiological factors.

• The Board of Control for Cricket in India has been using genetic tests since 2017 to improve players’ physical capabilities, including speed, endurance, recovery time, and muscle-building.

• Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders.

• It involves testing genetic material—chromosomes, genes, or proteins—to detect changes that might increase disease risk.

• By identifying altered genes, genetic screening helps determine risk and offers preventive measures and early treatment options.

Solution: D

Athletes worldwide are increasingly turning to genetic screening to enhance their performance.

• This emerging science offers valuable insights into personal traits like food allergies, vitamin and mineral needs, and other physiological factors.

• The Board of Control for Cricket in India has been using genetic tests since 2017 to improve players’ physical capabilities, including speed, endurance, recovery time, and muscle-building.

• Genetic screening is a tool used to identify individuals at higher risk for developing certain disorders or carrying specific genes for these disorders.

• It involves testing genetic material—chromosomes, genes, or proteins—to detect changes that might increase disease risk.

• By identifying altered genes, genetic screening helps determine risk and offers preventive measures and early treatment options.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements. Grasslands and savannahs cover nearly 10% of the Earth’s landmass. Woody encroachment is the phenomenon where there is increased tree cover in areas like savannahs and grasslands. Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change majorly inhibit the growth of deep-rooted woody plants. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Only Statement 2 is correct. India’s open ecosystems, such as savannahs and grasslands, face an unusual threat from increased tree cover, a phenomenon known as woody encroachment. This encroachment, driven by human activities that disrupt the natural disturbance regimes (like grazing and fire), is changing these ecosystems and threatening their biodiversity. A study highlighted that increased tree cover in areas like the African savannah has significantly reduced native grassland bird populations by more than 20%. Grasslands and savannahs, covering nearly 40% of the Earth’s landmass, are home to many endemic and at-risk species. However, threats like conversion to agriculture, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing are contributing to their decline, with trees now emerging as a significant threat. Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change promote the growth of deep-rooted woody plants, exacerbating the problem. Incorrect Solution: A Only Statement 2 is correct. India’s open ecosystems, such as savannahs and grasslands, face an unusual threat from increased tree cover, a phenomenon known as woody encroachment. This encroachment, driven by human activities that disrupt the natural disturbance regimes (like grazing and fire), is changing these ecosystems and threatening their biodiversity. A study highlighted that increased tree cover in areas like the African savannah has significantly reduced native grassland bird populations by more than 20%. Grasslands and savannahs, covering nearly 40% of the Earth’s landmass, are home to many endemic and at-risk species. However, threats like conversion to agriculture, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing are contributing to their decline, with trees now emerging as a significant threat. Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change promote the growth of deep-rooted woody plants, exacerbating the problem.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Grasslands and savannahs cover nearly 10% of the Earth’s landmass.

• Woody encroachment is the phenomenon where there is increased tree cover in areas like savannahs and grasslands.

• Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change majorly inhibit the growth of deep-rooted woody plants.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Only Statement 2 is correct.

India’s open ecosystems, such as savannahs and grasslands, face an unusual threat from increased tree cover, a phenomenon known as woody encroachment.

• This encroachment, driven by human activities that disrupt the natural disturbance regimes (like grazing and fire), is changing these ecosystems and threatening their biodiversity.

• A study highlighted that increased tree cover in areas like the African savannah has significantly reduced native grassland bird populations by more than 20%.

• Grasslands and savannahs, covering nearly 40% of the Earth’s landmass, are home to many endemic and at-risk species.

• However, threats like conversion to agriculture, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing are contributing to their decline, with trees now emerging as a significant threat.

• Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change promote the growth of deep-rooted woody plants, exacerbating the problem.

Solution: A

Only Statement 2 is correct.

India’s open ecosystems, such as savannahs and grasslands, face an unusual threat from increased tree cover, a phenomenon known as woody encroachment.

• This encroachment, driven by human activities that disrupt the natural disturbance regimes (like grazing and fire), is changing these ecosystems and threatening their biodiversity.

• A study highlighted that increased tree cover in areas like the African savannah has significantly reduced native grassland bird populations by more than 20%.

• Grasslands and savannahs, covering nearly 40% of the Earth’s landmass, are home to many endemic and at-risk species.

• However, threats like conversion to agriculture, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing are contributing to their decline, with trees now emerging as a significant threat.

• Higher atmospheric CO2 levels due to climate change promote the growth of deep-rooted woody plants, exacerbating the problem.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Middle-Income Trap. Middle-income trap is a situation where a middle-income country struggles to become a high-income economy, mainly due to declining costs and rising competitiveness. Since 1990, more than 100 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status. Rising Income Inequality is one of the factors for countries falling into the Middle-Income Trap. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A The World Bank defines the middle-income trap as a situation where a middle-income country struggles to become a high-income economy due to rising costs and declining competitiveness. There are concerns that India may fall into this trap, potentially stalling at a per capita income of USD 5,000-6,000 on its path to becoming a developed economy. Key Highlights of the Report: Wealthy countries often hit a growth slowdown at around $8,000 per capita (10% of U.S. GDP per person). Since 1990, only 34 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status. As of end-2023, 108 MICs host 75% of the global population and generate over 40% of global GDP. Challenges for MICs include ageing populations, rising protectionism, and the need for faster energy transitions. Why Countries Fall into the Middle-Income Trap Struggles of Developing Countries: Middle-income nations often lag due to competition with low-wage producers and lack of innovation, stalling growth. Structural Shift: Transitioning sectors or growth drivers risk stagnation in per capita income, especially if innovation capabilities are lacking. Rising Income Inequality: High-income inequality, exemplified by large wealth gaps, restricts consumer spending and economic progress. Incorrect Solution: A The World Bank defines the middle-income trap as a situation where a middle-income country struggles to become a high-income economy due to rising costs and declining competitiveness. There are concerns that India may fall into this trap, potentially stalling at a per capita income of USD 5,000-6,000 on its path to becoming a developed economy. Key Highlights of the Report: Wealthy countries often hit a growth slowdown at around $8,000 per capita (10% of U.S. GDP per person). Since 1990, only 34 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status. As of end-2023, 108 MICs host 75% of the global population and generate over 40% of global GDP. Challenges for MICs include ageing populations, rising protectionism, and the need for faster energy transitions. Why Countries Fall into the Middle-Income Trap Struggles of Developing Countries: Middle-income nations often lag due to competition with low-wage producers and lack of innovation, stalling growth. Structural Shift: Transitioning sectors or growth drivers risk stagnation in per capita income, especially if innovation capabilities are lacking. Rising Income Inequality: High-income inequality, exemplified by large wealth gaps, restricts consumer spending and economic progress.

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Middle-Income Trap.

• Middle-income trap is a situation where a middle-income country struggles to become a high-income economy, mainly due to declining costs and rising competitiveness.

• Since 1990, more than 100 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status.

• Rising Income Inequality is one of the factors for countries falling into the Middle-Income Trap.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

The World Bank defines the middle-income trap as a situation where a middle-income country struggles to become a high-income economy due to rising costs and declining competitiveness. There are concerns that India may fall into this trap, potentially stalling at a per capita income of USD 5,000-6,000 on its path to becoming a developed economy.

Key Highlights of the Report:

• Wealthy countries often hit a growth slowdown at around $8,000 per capita (10% of U.S. GDP per person).

• Since 1990, only 34 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status.

• As of end-2023, 108 MICs host 75% of the global population and generate over 40% of global GDP.

• Challenges for MICs include ageing populations, rising protectionism, and the need for faster energy transitions.

Why Countries Fall into the Middle-Income Trap

• Struggles of Developing Countries: Middle-income nations often lag due to competition with low-wage producers and lack of innovation, stalling growth.

• Structural Shift: Transitioning sectors or growth drivers risk stagnation in per capita income, especially if innovation capabilities are lacking.

• Rising Income Inequality: High-income inequality, exemplified by large wealth gaps, restricts consumer spending and economic progress.

Solution: A

Key Highlights of the Report:

• Wealthy countries often hit a growth slowdown at around $8,000 per capita (10% of U.S. GDP per person).

• Since 1990, only 34 middle-income countries (MICs) have transitioned to high-income status.

• As of end-2023, 108 MICs host 75% of the global population and generate over 40% of global GDP.

• Challenges for MICs include ageing populations, rising protectionism, and the need for faster energy transitions.

Why Countries Fall into the Middle-Income Trap

• Struggles of Developing Countries: Middle-income nations often lag due to competition with low-wage producers and lack of innovation, stalling growth.

• Structural Shift: Transitioning sectors or growth drivers risk stagnation in per capita income, especially if innovation capabilities are lacking.

• Rising Income Inequality: High-income inequality, exemplified by large wealth gaps, restricts consumer spending and economic progress.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Sea Weeds. It is the common name for countless species of marine plants and algae. Sea weeds does not grow in flowing waters like rivers and streams. Seaweed cultivation is not part of aquaculture in India. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Seaweeds are various types of marine plants and macroalgae found in water bodies like rivers and lakes. Seaweed cultivation is part of aquaculture, with the fishing and aquaculture sector contributing 1.5% to India’s GDP. Seaweed is chock-full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Incorrect Solution: A Seaweeds are various types of marine plants and macroalgae found in water bodies like rivers and lakes. Seaweed cultivation is part of aquaculture, with the fishing and aquaculture sector contributing 1.5% to India’s GDP. Seaweed is chock-full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Sea Weeds.

• It is the common name for countless species of marine plants and algae.

• Sea weeds does not grow in flowing waters like rivers and streams.

• Seaweed cultivation is not part of aquaculture in India.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Seaweeds are various types of marine plants and macroalgae found in water bodies like rivers and lakes. Seaweed cultivation is part of aquaculture, with the fishing and aquaculture sector contributing 1.5% to India’s GDP.

Seaweed is chock-full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

Solution: A

Seaweed is chock-full of vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding World Trade Organization (WTO). World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation. It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation that regulates and facilitates international trade between nations. It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement. WTO’s Agreement on TRIPS promotes IP rights enforcement. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System. Incorrect Solution: D World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation that regulates and facilitates international trade between nations. It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement. WTO’s Agreement on TRIPS promotes IP rights enforcement. Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System.

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding World Trade Organization (WTO).

• World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation.

• It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement.

• Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based intergovernmental organisation that regulates and facilitates international trade between nations. It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994 Marrakesh Agreement.

WTO’s Agreement on TRIPS promotes IP rights enforcement.

Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System.

Solution: D

WTO’s Agreement on TRIPS promotes IP rights enforcement.

Governments use the organization to establish, revise, and enforce the rules that govern international trade in cooperation with the United Nations System.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a non-profit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations. GAIN has offices in all countries with high levels of malnutrition. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 3 is incorrect. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a non-profit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. GAIN was developed during the UN 2002 Special Session of the General Assembly on Children. It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations. GAIN has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, along with offices in countries with high levels of malnutrition: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Tanzania. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 3 is incorrect. The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a non-profit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. GAIN was developed during the UN 2002 Special Session of the General Assembly on Children. It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations. GAIN has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, along with offices in countries with high levels of malnutrition: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Tanzania.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.

• The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a non-profit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland.

• It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations.

• GAIN has offices in all countries with high levels of malnutrition.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) is a non-profit foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland. GAIN was developed during the UN 2002 Special Session of the General Assembly on Children.

It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations.

GAIN has headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, along with offices in countries with high levels of malnutrition: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Tanzania.

Solution: B

Statement 3 is incorrect.

It collaborates with governments, businesses, and civil society to improve nutrition outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations.

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