UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 20 September 2024

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Which military honor was posthumously awarded to the soldiers who fought in the Battle of Saragarhi? a) Victoria Cross b) Param Vir Chakra c) Indian Order of Merit d) George Cross Correct Solution: c) The 21 soldiers who fought in the Battle of Saragarhi were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, which was the highest gallantry award for Indian soldiers at that time, equivalent to today’s Param Vir Chakra. Queen Victoria recognized their bravery for defending the communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan against overwhelming odds. Incorrect Solution: c) The 21 soldiers who fought in the Battle of Saragarhi were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, which was the highest gallantry award for Indian soldiers at that time, equivalent to today’s Param Vir Chakra. Queen Victoria recognized their bravery for defending the communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan against overwhelming odds.

#### 1. Question

Which military honor was posthumously awarded to the soldiers who fought in the Battle of Saragarhi?

• a) Victoria Cross

• b) Param Vir Chakra

• c) Indian Order of Merit

• d) George Cross

Solution: c)

The 21 soldiers who fought in the Battle of Saragarhi were posthumously awarded the Indian Order of Merit, which was the highest gallantry award for Indian soldiers at that time, equivalent to today’s Param Vir Chakra.

Queen Victoria recognized their bravery for defending the communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan against overwhelming odds.

Solution: c)

Queen Victoria recognized their bravery for defending the communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan against overwhelming odds.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points The Naga king chilli, also known as raja mircha, is notable for which of the following? a) Being one of the world’s hottest chillies b) Its use as a medicinal plant c) Its role in reducing soil erosion d) Its usage in industrial chemical production Correct Solution: a) The Naga king chilli, also known as raja mircha, is famous for being one of the hottest chillies in the world, with a Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) exceeding 1 million. It holds significant cultural and economic value in Nagaland, where it is central to Naga cuisine. The chilli has been certified by Guinness World Records and is granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. Incorrect Solution: a) The Naga king chilli, also known as raja mircha, is famous for being one of the hottest chillies in the world, with a Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) exceeding 1 million. It holds significant cultural and economic value in Nagaland, where it is central to Naga cuisine. The chilli has been certified by Guinness World Records and is granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

#### 2. Question

The Naga king chilli, also known as raja mircha, is notable for which of the following?

• a) Being one of the world’s hottest chillies

• b) Its use as a medicinal plant

• c) Its role in reducing soil erosion

• d) Its usage in industrial chemical production

Solution: a)

The Naga king chilli, also known as raja mircha, is famous for being one of the hottest chillies in the world, with a Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) exceeding 1 million. It holds significant cultural and economic value in Nagaland, where it is central to Naga cuisine. The chilli has been certified by Guinness World Records and is granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.

Solution: a)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding India’s efforts to blend methanol in diesel: The Ministry of Petroleum has set a target of blending 15% methanol into diesel to reduce crude oil imports. Methanol-blended diesel can reduce the cost of fuel for consumers. Methanol is produced from CO2 captured exclusively from agricultural sources. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) The Ministry of Petroleum aims to blend 15% methanol into diesel to reduce India’s dependence on imported crude oil (Statement 1 is correct). This blending can also help reduce fuel costs for consumers (Statement 2 is correct). However, methanol is not exclusively produced from CO2 captured from agricultural sources—it can be produced from CO2 captured from a variety of industrial sectors, including thermal power plants (Statement 3 is incorrect). Incorrect Solution: b) The Ministry of Petroleum aims to blend 15% methanol into diesel to reduce India’s dependence on imported crude oil (Statement 1 is correct). This blending can also help reduce fuel costs for consumers (Statement 2 is correct). However, methanol is not exclusively produced from CO2 captured from agricultural sources—it can be produced from CO2 captured from a variety of industrial sectors, including thermal power plants (Statement 3 is incorrect).

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding India’s efforts to blend methanol in diesel:

• The Ministry of Petroleum has set a target of blending 15% methanol into diesel to reduce crude oil imports.

• Methanol-blended diesel can reduce the cost of fuel for consumers.

• Methanol is produced from CO2 captured exclusively from agricultural sources.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

The Ministry of Petroleum aims to blend 15% methanol into diesel to reduce India’s dependence on imported crude oil (Statement 1 is correct).

This blending can also help reduce fuel costs for consumers (Statement 2 is correct).

However, methanol is not exclusively produced from CO2 captured from agricultural sources—it can be produced from CO2 captured from a variety of industrial sectors, including thermal power plants (Statement 3 is incorrect).

Solution: b)

The Ministry of Petroleum aims to blend 15% methanol into diesel to reduce India’s dependence on imported crude oil (Statement 1 is correct).

This blending can also help reduce fuel costs for consumers (Statement 2 is correct).

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding kleptoparasitism and avian influenza: Kleptoparasitism refers to birds stealing food from other species by forcing them to regurgitate prey. This behavior is primarily seen in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches. Kleptoparasitism can help spread diseases like avian influenza among seabird populations. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 1 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Kleptoparasitism involves birds, such as frigatebirds and skuas, forcing other birds to regurgitate prey, thereby stealing their food (Statement 1 is correct). It is not commonly observed in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches (Statement 2 is incorrect). This behavior can spread diseases like avian influenza, especially when saliva-coated food is involved (Statement 3 is correct). Incorrect Solution: a) Kleptoparasitism involves birds, such as frigatebirds and skuas, forcing other birds to regurgitate prey, thereby stealing their food (Statement 1 is correct). It is not commonly observed in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches (Statement 2 is incorrect). This behavior can spread diseases like avian influenza, especially when saliva-coated food is involved (Statement 3 is correct).

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding kleptoparasitism and avian influenza:

• Kleptoparasitism refers to birds stealing food from other species by forcing them to regurgitate prey.

• This behavior is primarily seen in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches.

• Kleptoparasitism can help spread diseases like avian influenza among seabird populations.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• b) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Kleptoparasitism involves birds, such as frigatebirds and skuas, forcing other birds to regurgitate prey, thereby stealing their food (Statement 1 is correct).

It is not commonly observed in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches (Statement 2 is incorrect).

This behavior can spread diseases like avian influenza, especially when saliva-coated food is involved (Statement 3 is correct).

Solution: a)

Kleptoparasitism involves birds, such as frigatebirds and skuas, forcing other birds to regurgitate prey, thereby stealing their food (Statement 1 is correct).

It is not commonly observed in terrestrial birds like sparrows and finches (Statement 2 is incorrect).

This behavior can spread diseases like avian influenza, especially when saliva-coated food is involved (Statement 3 is correct).

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points What geological formation is associated with the discovery of the new coelacanth fossil? a) Deccan Traps b) Appalachian Mountains c) Himalaya Orogeny d) Gogo Formation Correct Solution: d) The new well-preserved coelacanth fossil was discovered in Australia’s Gogo Formation, which dates back to the Devonian period. This discovery has led scientists to reassess the evolutionary influence of Earth’s geology, revealing that tectonic plate activity, rather than ocean conditions, played a significant role in the emergence of new species. Incorrect Solution: d) The new well-preserved coelacanth fossil was discovered in Australia’s Gogo Formation, which dates back to the Devonian period. This discovery has led scientists to reassess the evolutionary influence of Earth’s geology, revealing that tectonic plate activity, rather than ocean conditions, played a significant role in the emergence of new species.

#### 5. Question

What geological formation is associated with the discovery of the new coelacanth fossil?

• a) Deccan Traps

• b) Appalachian Mountains

• c) Himalaya Orogeny

• d) Gogo Formation

Solution: d)

The new well-preserved coelacanth fossil was discovered in Australia’s Gogo Formation, which dates back to the Devonian period. This discovery has led scientists to reassess the evolutionary influence of Earth’s geology, revealing that tectonic plate activity, rather than ocean conditions, played a significant role in the emergence of new species.

Solution: d)

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant aims to contribute to which of the following? a) Reducing forest fires in India b) Advancing carbon capture and utilisation technologies c) Producing renewable energy using solar cells d) Reducing natural gas consumption in households Correct Solution: b) India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant in Pune is focused on advancing carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technologies. This initiative aims to convert CO2 emissions into methanol, contributing to India’s climate goals by reducing carbon emissions. It also plays a role in the government’s effort to reduce crude oil imports by blending methanol in fuels like diesel. This project supports industrial decarbonisation, particularly for coal-based thermal power sectors. Incorrect Solution: b) India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant in Pune is focused on advancing carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technologies. This initiative aims to convert CO2 emissions into methanol, contributing to India’s climate goals by reducing carbon emissions. It also plays a role in the government’s effort to reduce crude oil imports by blending methanol in fuels like diesel. This project supports industrial decarbonisation, particularly for coal-based thermal power sectors.

#### 6. Question

India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant aims to contribute to which of the following?

• a) Reducing forest fires in India

• b) Advancing carbon capture and utilisation technologies

• c) Producing renewable energy using solar cells

• d) Reducing natural gas consumption in households

Solution: b)

India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant in Pune is focused on advancing carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technologies. This initiative aims to convert CO2 emissions into methanol, contributing to India’s climate goals by reducing carbon emissions. It also plays a role in the government’s effort to reduce crude oil imports by blending methanol in fuels like diesel. This project supports industrial decarbonisation, particularly for coal-based thermal power sectors.

Solution: b)

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following is correct about the asteroid 2024 PT5? a) It will become a permanent moon of Earth. b) It will follow a horseshoe-shaped path around Earth. c) It will collide with Earth in 2025. d) It originated from the Kuiper Belt. Correct Solution: b) Asteroid 2024 PT5 is temporarily captured by Earth’s gravity, following a horseshoe-shaped path, rather than completing a full orbit. Such occurrences, known as “mini-moons,” provide valuable opportunities for scientists to study near-Earth objects. 2024 PT5 was discovered by NASA’s ATLAS program, and it hails from the Arjuna asteroid belt. Incorrect Solution: b) Asteroid 2024 PT5 is temporarily captured by Earth’s gravity, following a horseshoe-shaped path, rather than completing a full orbit. Such occurrences, known as “mini-moons,” provide valuable opportunities for scientists to study near-Earth objects. 2024 PT5 was discovered by NASA’s ATLAS program, and it hails from the Arjuna asteroid belt.

#### 7. Question

Which of the following is correct about the asteroid 2024 PT5?

• a) It will become a permanent moon of Earth.

• b) It will follow a horseshoe-shaped path around Earth.

• c) It will collide with Earth in 2025.

• d) It originated from the Kuiper Belt.

Solution: b)

Asteroid 2024 PT5 is temporarily captured by Earth’s gravity, following a horseshoe-shaped path, rather than completing a full orbit. Such occurrences, known as “mini-moons,” provide valuable opportunities for scientists to study near-Earth objects. 2024 PT5 was discovered by NASA’s ATLAS program, and it hails from the Arjuna asteroid belt.

Solution: b)

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Saragarhi: It was fought between British forces and Mughal warriors. The soldiers at Saragarhi defended the fort for 7 days before succumbing. The battle took place on the eastern frontier of British India. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 only c) 1, 2, and 3 d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) All the statements are incorrect. The Battle of Saragarhi was fought between the 36th Sikh regiment under British command and Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants, not Mughals (Statement 1). The battle lasted approximately seven hours, not 7 days (Statement 2). It took place in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), not the eastern frontier (Statement 3). Saragarhi Day, observed on September 12, commemorates the 1897 Battle of Saragarhi, one of the most remarkable last stands in military history. Saragarhi was a key communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan). About Battle of Saragarhi: On this day, 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs regiment, led by Havildar Ishar Singh, defended the fort against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants for seven hours. The bravery of the soldiers was recognized with posthumous honors, including the Indian Order of Merit, awarded by Queen Victoria. In 2017, the Punjab government declared Saragarhi Day a holiday. The battle has since been immortalized in various ways, including memorials, a film (Kesari), and remembrance events in both India and Pakistan. Incorrect Solution: d) All the statements are incorrect. The Battle of Saragarhi was fought between the 36th Sikh regiment under British command and Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants, not Mughals (Statement 1). The battle lasted approximately seven hours, not 7 days (Statement 2). It took place in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), not the eastern frontier (Statement 3). Saragarhi Day, observed on September 12, commemorates the 1897 Battle of Saragarhi, one of the most remarkable last stands in military history. Saragarhi was a key communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan). About Battle of Saragarhi: On this day, 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs regiment, led by Havildar Ishar Singh, defended the fort against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants for seven hours. The bravery of the soldiers was recognized with posthumous honors, including the Indian Order of Merit, awarded by Queen Victoria. In 2017, the Punjab government declared Saragarhi Day a holiday. The battle has since been immortalized in various ways, including memorials, a film (Kesari), and remembrance events in both India and Pakistan.

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Battle of Saragarhi:

• It was fought between British forces and Mughal warriors.

• The soldiers at Saragarhi defended the fort for 7 days before succumbing.

• The battle took place on the eastern frontier of British India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• c) 1, 2, and 3

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

All the statements are incorrect. The Battle of Saragarhi was fought between the 36th Sikh regiment under British command and Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants, not Mughals (Statement 1).

The battle lasted approximately seven hours, not 7 days (Statement 2).

It took place in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), not the eastern frontier (Statement 3).

• Saragarhi Day, observed on September 12, commemorates the 1897 Battle of Saragarhi, one of the most remarkable last stands in military history.

• Saragarhi was a key communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan).

About Battle of Saragarhi:

• On this day, 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs regiment, led by Havildar Ishar Singh, defended the fort against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants for seven hours.

• The bravery of the soldiers was recognized with posthumous honors, including the Indian Order of Merit, awarded by Queen Victoria.

• In 2017, the Punjab government declared Saragarhi Day a holiday.

• The battle has since been immortalized in various ways, including memorials, a film (Kesari), and remembrance events in both India and Pakistan.

Solution: d)

All the statements are incorrect. The Battle of Saragarhi was fought between the 36th Sikh regiment under British command and Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants, not Mughals (Statement 1).

The battle lasted approximately seven hours, not 7 days (Statement 2).

It took place in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan), not the eastern frontier (Statement 3).

• Saragarhi Day, observed on September 12, commemorates the 1897 Battle of Saragarhi, one of the most remarkable last stands in military history.

• Saragarhi was a key communication post between Fort Lockhart and Fort Gulistan in the North-West Frontier Province (now in Pakistan).

About Battle of Saragarhi:

• On this day, 21 soldiers of the 36th Sikhs regiment, led by Havildar Ishar Singh, defended the fort against over 8,000 Afridi and Orakzai tribal militants for seven hours.

• The bravery of the soldiers was recognized with posthumous honors, including the Indian Order of Merit, awarded by Queen Victoria.

• In 2017, the Punjab government declared Saragarhi Day a holiday.

• The battle has since been immortalized in various ways, including memorials, a film (Kesari), and remembrance events in both India and Pakistan.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technologies: CCU technologies capture CO2 from industries and store it permanently underground. India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant focuses on converting CO2 into chemicals like methanol. The coal-based thermal power sector accounts for less than 10% of India’s total carbon emissions, making it a low-priority sector for CCU. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: a) CCU technologies aim to capture CO2 and convert it into useful chemicals like methanol rather than storing it permanently underground (Statement 1 is incorrect). The pilot plant in Pune focuses on this conversion process (Statement 2 is correct). The coal-based thermal power sector contributes to around 30% of India’s carbon emissions, making it a key target for CCU technologies (Statement 3 is incorrect). Incorrect Solution: a) CCU technologies aim to capture CO2 and convert it into useful chemicals like methanol rather than storing it permanently underground (Statement 1 is incorrect). The pilot plant in Pune focuses on this conversion process (Statement 2 is correct). The coal-based thermal power sector contributes to around 30% of India’s carbon emissions, making it a key target for CCU technologies (Statement 3 is incorrect).

#### 9. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) technologies:

• CCU technologies capture CO2 from industries and store it permanently underground.

• India’s first CO2-to-methanol pilot plant focuses on converting CO2 into chemicals like methanol.

• The coal-based thermal power sector accounts for less than 10% of India’s total carbon emissions, making it a low-priority sector for CCU.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• b) 1 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: a)

CCU technologies aim to capture CO2 and convert it into useful chemicals like methanol rather than storing it permanently underground (Statement 1 is incorrect).

The pilot plant in Pune focuses on this conversion process (Statement 2 is correct).

The coal-based thermal power sector contributes to around 30% of India’s carbon emissions, making it a key target for CCU technologies (Statement 3 is incorrect).

Solution: a)

CCU technologies aim to capture CO2 and convert it into useful chemicals like methanol rather than storing it permanently underground (Statement 1 is incorrect).

The pilot plant in Pune focuses on this conversion process (Statement 2 is correct).

The coal-based thermal power sector contributes to around 30% of India’s carbon emissions, making it a key target for CCU technologies (Statement 3 is incorrect).

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following commissions recommended the implementation of the “One Nation One Election” (ONOE) system in India? a) Sarkaria Commission b) Punchhi Commission c) Law Commission d) Election Commission of India Correct Solution: c) The Law Commission of India, in its 170th and 79th reports, recommended the idea of simultaneous elections to avoid frequent disruptions in governance and to reduce the financial burden on the state exchequer. The proposal of ONOE, aims to ensure that governance is not hampered by continuous election cycles and frequent implementation of the Model Code of Conduct. Incorrect Solution: c) The Law Commission of India, in its 170th and 79th reports, recommended the idea of simultaneous elections to avoid frequent disruptions in governance and to reduce the financial burden on the state exchequer. The proposal of ONOE, aims to ensure that governance is not hampered by continuous election cycles and frequent implementation of the Model Code of Conduct.

#### 10. Question

Which of the following commissions recommended the implementation of the “One Nation One Election” (ONOE) system in India?

• a) Sarkaria Commission

• b) Punchhi Commission

• c) Law Commission

• d) Election Commission of India

Solution: c)

The Law Commission of India, in its 170th and 79th reports, recommended the idea of simultaneous elections to avoid frequent disruptions in governance and to reduce the financial burden on the state exchequer. The proposal of ONOE, aims to ensure that governance is not hampered by continuous election cycles and frequent implementation of the Model Code of Conduct.

Solution: c)

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