UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 20 April 2024

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The Current Affairs Quiz is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the Jiadhal River: It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It originates from the hills of Arunachal Pradesh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: River Name Jiadhal River Issues Disruption of flow due to climate change Origin Lower Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh Tributary of Brahmaputra (northern tributary) Flows Through Assam, meets Brahmaputra near Majuli Island Characteristics Flashy river, prone to sudden floods with high sediment load and debris, frequently changes course during flash floods Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: River Name Jiadhal River Issues Disruption of flow due to climate change Origin Lower Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh Tributary of Brahmaputra (northern tributary) Flows Through Assam, meets Brahmaputra near Majuli Island Characteristics Flashy river, prone to sudden floods with high sediment load and debris, frequently changes course during flash floods Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the Jiadhal River:

• It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It originates from the hills of Arunachal Pradesh.

• It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River.

• It originates from the hills of Arunachal Pradesh.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation:

River Name | Jiadhal River

Issues | Disruption of flow due to climate change

Origin | Lower Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh

Tributary of | Brahmaputra (northern tributary)

Flows Through | Assam, meets Brahmaputra near Majuli Island

Characteristics | Flashy river, prone to sudden floods with high sediment load and debris, frequently changes course during flash floods

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

Explanation:

River Name | Jiadhal River

Issues | Disruption of flow due to climate change

Origin | Lower Himalayan ranges in Arunachal Pradesh

Tributary of | Brahmaputra (northern tributary)

Flows Through | Assam, meets Brahmaputra near Majuli Island

Characteristics | Flashy river, prone to sudden floods with high sediment load and debris, frequently changes course during flash floods

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points The Noyyal River is a tributary of the (a) River Godavari (b) River Mahanadi (c) River Kaveri (d) River Vaigai Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: The Noyyal River is a small river in Western Tamil Nadu, and a tributary of Kaveri River. It rises from the Vellingiri hills in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, very closer in proximity to Kerala border, and flows through many villages and the cities of Coimbatore, and Tirupur. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: The Noyyal River is a small river in Western Tamil Nadu, and a tributary of Kaveri River. It rises from the Vellingiri hills in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, very closer in proximity to Kerala border, and flows through many villages and the cities of Coimbatore, and Tirupur. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

#### 2. Question

The Noyyal River is a tributary of the

• (a) River Godavari

• (b) River Mahanadi

• (c) River Kaveri

• (d) River Vaigai

Explanation:

• The Noyyal River is a small river in Western Tamil Nadu, and a tributary of Kaveri River. It rises from the Vellingiri hills in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, very closer in proximity to Kerala border, and flows through many villages and the cities of Coimbatore, and Tirupur.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

Explanation:

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/rivers-in-news/

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about diabetes is true? (a) Type 1 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise. (b) Type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. (c) Gestational diabetes occurs only in pregnant women and usually resolves after childbirth. (d) Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Option A: Type 1 diabetes does not develop because of your lifestyle. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Diet and activity levels have nothing to do with whether you develop type 1 diabetes or not. Option B: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. It is not an autoimmune disease, and the immune system does not attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Option C: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It usually develops in the second or third trimester and can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and baby. While it typically resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Option D: Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, not high blood sugar levels as stated in the option. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sugar-in-baby-food/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Option A: Type 1 diabetes does not develop because of your lifestyle. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Diet and activity levels have nothing to do with whether you develop type 1 diabetes or not. Option B: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. It is not an autoimmune disease, and the immune system does not attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Option C: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It usually develops in the second or third trimester and can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and baby. While it typically resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Option D: Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, not high blood sugar levels as stated in the option. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sugar-in-baby-food/

#### 3. Question

Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?

• (a) Type 1 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise.

• (b) Type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

• (c) Gestational diabetes occurs only in pregnant women and usually resolves after childbirth.

• (d) Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels.

Explanation:

• Option A: Type 1 diabetes does not develop because of your lifestyle. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition. Diet and activity levels have nothing to do with whether you develop type 1 diabetes or not.

• Option B: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin. It is not an autoimmune disease, and the immune system does not attack the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

• Option C: Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It usually develops in the second or third trimester and can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and baby. While it typically resolves after childbirth, women who have had gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

• Option D: Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, not high blood sugar levels as stated in the option.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sugar-in-baby-food/

Explanation:

• Option D: Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by low blood sugar levels, not high blood sugar levels as stated in the option.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sugar-in-baby-food/

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Which of the following statements accurately describes GPS spoofing? (a) GPS spoofing is a method used to increase the accuracy of GPS signals. (b) GPS spoofing involves sending fake GPS signals to deceive GPS receivers about the actual location. (c) GPS spoofing is primarily used to reduce the power consumption of GPS devices. (d) GPS spoofing is a feature that allows GPS devices to communicate with each other wirelessly. Correct Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Israel reportedly used GPS jamming to confuse Iran’s missile targeting teams ahead of Iran’s direct attack on Israel. GPS spoofing is a technique where fake GPS signals are broadcasted to deceive GPS receivers into believing that the spoofed location is the actual location. This can be used to mislead navigation systems, track someone’s location inaccurately, or even cause accidents by providing false navigation information. It is a malicious activity that undermines the integrity and reliability of GPS-based systems. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/gps-spoofing/ Incorrect Ans: (b) Explanation: Context: Israel reportedly used GPS jamming to confuse Iran’s missile targeting teams ahead of Iran’s direct attack on Israel. GPS spoofing is a technique where fake GPS signals are broadcasted to deceive GPS receivers into believing that the spoofed location is the actual location. This can be used to mislead navigation systems, track someone’s location inaccurately, or even cause accidents by providing false navigation information. It is a malicious activity that undermines the integrity and reliability of GPS-based systems. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/gps-spoofing/

#### 4. Question

Which of the following statements accurately describes GPS spoofing?

• (a) GPS spoofing is a method used to increase the accuracy of GPS signals.

• (b) GPS spoofing involves sending fake GPS signals to deceive GPS receivers about the actual location.

• (c) GPS spoofing is primarily used to reduce the power consumption of GPS devices.

• (d) GPS spoofing is a feature that allows GPS devices to communicate with each other wirelessly.

Explanation:

• Context: Israel reportedly used GPS jamming to confuse Iran’s missile targeting teams ahead of Iran’s direct attack on Israel.

• GPS spoofing is a technique where fake GPS signals are broadcasted to deceive GPS receivers into believing that the spoofed location is the actual location. This can be used to mislead navigation systems, track someone’s location inaccurately, or even cause accidents by providing false navigation information. It is a malicious activity that undermines the integrity and reliability of GPS-based systems.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/gps-spoofing/

Explanation:

• Context: Israel reportedly used GPS jamming to confuse Iran’s missile targeting teams ahead of Iran’s direct attack on Israel.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/gps-spoofing/

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Black holes emit more light than stars. Black holes are formed when a star undergoes nuclear fusion. The escape velocity of a black hole exceeds the speed of light. How many of the statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 3 is correct. Black holes are actually formed when massive stars undergo a supernova explosion at the end of their lives. Here’s a brief overview of the process: A massive star burns through its nuclear fuel and eventually runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion. Without the outward pressure from nuclear fusion to counteract the force of gravity, the star’s core collapses under its own gravity. This collapse leads to a supernova explosion, where the outer layers of the star are ejected into space, leaving behind a dense core. If the remaining core’s mass is above a certain threshold (about three times the mass of the Sun), it collapses further, forming a black hole. So, while nuclear fusion plays a role in a star’s life by providing the energy that keeps it shining, black holes are formed through the collapse of massive stars after they’ve exhausted their nuclear fuel. The boundary surrounding a black hole, known as the event horizon, marks the point of no return. The escape velocity from the event horizon of a black hole exceeds the speed of light, making it impossible for anything to break free from its gravitational pull once it crosses this boundary. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sleeping-giant-black-hole/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Only statement 3 is correct. Black holes are actually formed when massive stars undergo a supernova explosion at the end of their lives. Here’s a brief overview of the process: A massive star burns through its nuclear fuel and eventually runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion. Without the outward pressure from nuclear fusion to counteract the force of gravity, the star’s core collapses under its own gravity. This collapse leads to a supernova explosion, where the outer layers of the star are ejected into space, leaving behind a dense core. If the remaining core’s mass is above a certain threshold (about three times the mass of the Sun), it collapses further, forming a black hole. So, while nuclear fusion plays a role in a star’s life by providing the energy that keeps it shining, black holes are formed through the collapse of massive stars after they’ve exhausted their nuclear fuel. The boundary surrounding a black hole, known as the event horizon, marks the point of no return. The escape velocity from the event horizon of a black hole exceeds the speed of light, making it impossible for anything to break free from its gravitational pull once it crosses this boundary. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sleeping-giant-black-hole/

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Black holes emit more light than stars. Black holes are formed when a star undergoes nuclear fusion. The escape velocity of a black hole exceeds the speed of light.

• Black holes emit more light than stars.

• Black holes are formed when a star undergoes nuclear fusion.

• The escape velocity of a black hole exceeds the speed of light.

How many of the statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Only statement 3 is correct.

• Black holes are actually formed when massive stars undergo a supernova explosion at the end of their lives. Here’s a brief overview of the process: A massive star burns through its nuclear fuel and eventually runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion. Without the outward pressure from nuclear fusion to counteract the force of gravity, the star’s core collapses under its own gravity. This collapse leads to a supernova explosion, where the outer layers of the star are ejected into space, leaving behind a dense core. If the remaining core’s mass is above a certain threshold (about three times the mass of the Sun), it collapses further, forming a black hole.

• A massive star burns through its nuclear fuel and eventually runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion.

• Without the outward pressure from nuclear fusion to counteract the force of gravity, the star’s core collapses under its own gravity.

• This collapse leads to a supernova explosion, where the outer layers of the star are ejected into space, leaving behind a dense core.

• If the remaining core’s mass is above a certain threshold (about three times the mass of the Sun), it collapses further, forming a black hole.

• So, while nuclear fusion plays a role in a star’s life by providing the energy that keeps it shining, black holes are formed through the collapse of massive stars after they’ve exhausted their nuclear fuel.

• The boundary surrounding a black hole, known as the event horizon, marks the point of no return. The escape velocity from the event horizon of a black hole exceeds the speed of light, making it impossible for anything to break free from its gravitational pull once it crosses this boundary.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sleeping-giant-black-hole/

Explanation:

• Only statement 3 is correct.

• A massive star burns through its nuclear fuel and eventually runs out of fuel for nuclear fusion.

• Without the outward pressure from nuclear fusion to counteract the force of gravity, the star’s core collapses under its own gravity.

• This collapse leads to a supernova explosion, where the outer layers of the star are ejected into space, leaving behind a dense core.

• If the remaining core’s mass is above a certain threshold (about three times the mass of the Sun), it collapses further, forming a black hole.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/sleeping-giant-black-hole/

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following nations: Niger Chad Cameroon Algeria How many of the above nations share borders with Nigeria? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt. The Men5CV vaccine, approved by the WHO, safeguards against five strains of meningococcus bacteria in one shot, surpassing earlier vaccines. Its introduction coincides with WHO’s aim to eradicate meningitis by 2030, vital amid rising cases in the region. Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt. The Men5CV vaccine, approved by the WHO, safeguards against five strains of meningococcus bacteria in one shot, surpassing earlier vaccines. Its introduction coincides with WHO’s aim to eradicate meningitis by 2030, vital amid rising cases in the region. Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

#### 6. Question

Consider the following nations:

• Niger Chad Cameroon Algeria

How many of the above nations share borders with Nigeria?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Explanation:

• Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt. The Men5CV vaccine, approved by the WHO, safeguards against five strains of meningococcus bacteria in one shot, surpassing earlier vaccines. Its introduction coincides with WHO’s aim to eradicate meningitis by 2030, vital amid rising cases in the region.

• The Men5CV vaccine, approved by the WHO, safeguards against five strains of meningococcus bacteria in one shot, surpassing earlier vaccines. Its introduction coincides with WHO’s aim to eradicate meningitis by 2030, vital amid rising cases in the region.

• Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

Explanation:

• Nigeria is bordered to the north by Niger, to the east by Chad and Cameroon, to the south by the Gulf of Guinea of the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Benin.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Meningitis is always caused by a viral infection. Meningitis can only be diagnosed through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Antibiotics are effective in treating viral meningitis. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt. It is a severe infection affecting the brain and spinal cord’s protective membranes. While various pathogens like bacteria, fungi, or viruses can cause it, bacterial meningitis poses the greatest global threa Common bacteria responsible include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt. It is a severe infection affecting the brain and spinal cord’s protective membranes. While various pathogens like bacteria, fungi, or viruses can cause it, bacterial meningitis poses the greatest global threa Common bacteria responsible include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis. Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

#### 7. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Meningitis is always caused by a viral infection. Meningitis can only be diagnosed through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Antibiotics are effective in treating viral meningitis.

• Meningitis is always caused by a viral infection.

• Meningitis can only be diagnosed through a lumbar puncture (spinal tap).

• Antibiotics are effective in treating viral meningitis.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt.

• It is a severe infection affecting the brain and spinal cord’s protective membranes. While various pathogens like bacteria, fungi, or viruses can cause it, bacterial meningitis poses the greatest global threa Common bacteria responsible include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis.

• Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

Explanation:

• Context: Nigeria has introduced the world’s first vaccine against all strains of meningitis (Men5CV vaccine), aiming to alleviate the disease burden in Africa’s meningitis belt.

• Antibiotics do not help viral infections, so they are not useful in the treatment of viral meningitis.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nigeria-introduced-men5cv-vaccine/

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Nagorno-Karabakh is recognized internationally as an independent state. The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh primarily involves religious differences between Christian Armenians and Muslim Azerbaijanis. The United Nations has not been involved in any peacekeeping efforts related to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (a) Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Context: Russian peacekeepers have commenced withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh following Azerbaijan’s recapture of the disputed territory last year. The withdrawal comes after Azerbaijan’s lightning one-day offensive last September, triggering a refugee crisis and altering the area’s demographic landscape. The move also reflects ruptured ties between traditional allies Russia and Armenia, with Armenia suspending its participation in the Moscow-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and joining the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within Azerbaijan’s borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control, though it’s still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians and called the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.” S2: Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region officially recognised as part of Azerbaijan. But its 1.2 lakh population is predominantly ethnic Armenian, having close cultural, social, and historical ties with Armenia. Basically, Nagorno-Karabakh is an ethnic Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan. The Armenians are Christians, while Azeris are Muslims. The conclave is connected to Armenia through the 5-km Lachin Corridor. S3: https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15418.doc.htm Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/ Incorrect Ans: (a) Explanation: Statement 2 is correct. Context: Russian peacekeepers have commenced withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh following Azerbaijan’s recapture of the disputed territory last year. The withdrawal comes after Azerbaijan’s lightning one-day offensive last September, triggering a refugee crisis and altering the area’s demographic landscape. The move also reflects ruptured ties between traditional allies Russia and Armenia, with Armenia suspending its participation in the Moscow-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and joining the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within Azerbaijan’s borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control, though it’s still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians and called the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.” S2: Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region officially recognised as part of Azerbaijan. But its 1.2 lakh population is predominantly ethnic Armenian, having close cultural, social, and historical ties with Armenia. Basically, Nagorno-Karabakh is an ethnic Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan. The Armenians are Christians, while Azeris are Muslims. The conclave is connected to Armenia through the 5-km Lachin Corridor. S3: https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15418.doc.htm Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

#### 8. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Nagorno-Karabakh is recognized internationally as an independent state. The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh primarily involves religious differences between Christian Armenians and Muslim Azerbaijanis. The United Nations has not been involved in any peacekeeping efforts related to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

• Nagorno-Karabakh is recognized internationally as an independent state.

• The conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh primarily involves religious differences between Christian Armenians and Muslim Azerbaijanis.

• The United Nations has not been involved in any peacekeeping efforts related to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• Statement 2 is correct.

• Context: Russian peacekeepers have commenced withdrawal from Nagorno-Karabakh following Azerbaijan’s recapture of the disputed territory last year. The withdrawal comes after Azerbaijan’s lightning one-day offensive last September, triggering a refugee crisis and altering the area’s demographic landscape. The move also reflects ruptured ties between traditional allies Russia and Armenia, with Armenia suspending its participation in the Moscow-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and joining the International Criminal Court (ICC). The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within Azerbaijan’s borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control, though it’s still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians and called the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.”

• The withdrawal comes after Azerbaijan’s lightning one-day offensive last September, triggering a refugee crisis and altering the area’s demographic landscape. The move also reflects ruptured ties between traditional allies Russia and Armenia, with Armenia suspending its participation in the Moscow-led Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) and joining the International Criminal Court (ICC).

• The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an ethnic and territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan. It centres on the Nagorno-Karabakh region, predominantly Armenian-populated but within Azerbaijan’s borders. A ceasefire mediated by Russia in 1994 left the region under Armenian control, though it’s still recognized as part of Azerbaijan. The area is now governed by separatist Armenians and called the “Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast.”

• S2: Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region officially recognised as part of Azerbaijan. But its 1.2 lakh population is predominantly ethnic Armenian, having close cultural, social, and historical ties with Armenia. Basically, Nagorno-Karabakh is an ethnic Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan. The Armenians are Christians, while Azeris are Muslims. The conclave is connected to Armenia through the 5-km Lachin Corridor.

• S3: https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15418.doc.htm

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

Explanation:

• Statement 2 is correct.

• S3: https://press.un.org/en/2023/sc15418.doc.htm

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Consider the following pairs[Country: Capital] Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi How many of the above pairs are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Ans: (c) Explanation: All pairs are correctly matched Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/ Incorrect Ans: (c) Explanation: All pairs are correctly matched Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

#### 9. Question

Consider the following pairs[Country: Capital]

• Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi

• Armenia: Yerevan

• Azerbaijan: Baku

• Georgia: Tbilisi

How many of the above pairs are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Explanation:

• All pairs are correctly matched Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi

• Armenia: Yerevan

• Azerbaijan: Baku

• Georgia: Tbilisi

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

Explanation:

• All pairs are correctly matched Armenia: Yerevan Azerbaijan: Baku Georgia: Tbilisi

• Armenia: Yerevan

• Azerbaijan: Baku

• Georgia: Tbilisi

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/nagorno-karabakh-region/

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about sonar is correct? (a) Sonar stands for Sight Navigation and Ranging, and it uses light waves to detect objects underwater. (b) Sonar stands for Sound Amplification and Recognition, and it uses radio waves to detect objects underwater. (c) Sonar stands for Sound Amplification and Ranging, and it uses sound waves to detect objects in the air. (d) Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging, and it uses sound waves to detect objects underwater. Correct Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: DRDO inaugurated a Submersible Platform for Acoustic Characterisation and Evaluation (SPACE) at the Underwater Acoustic Research Facility in Kerala. Designed by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, SPACE is a premier testing and evaluation hub for sonar systems for the Indian Navy. It consists of two platforms – one floating on the water surface and the other submersible up to 100 meters using winch systems. SPACE facilitates the evaluation of complete sonar systems and scientific packages, supporting survey, sampling, and data collection of various parameters. Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. The sound waves are emitted into the water, and when they encounter an object, they are reflected back to the source. By measuring the time it takes for the sound waves to return and calculating the distance based on the speed of sound in water, sonar systems can determine the location and depth of underwater objects. The other options provided are incorrect as they either incorrectly define the acronym or describe methods that sonar does not use (like light waves or radio waves). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/submersible-platform-for-acoustic-characterisation-and-evaluation-space/ Incorrect Ans: (d) Explanation: Context: DRDO inaugurated a Submersible Platform for Acoustic Characterisation and Evaluation (SPACE) at the Underwater Acoustic Research Facility in Kerala. Designed by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, SPACE is a premier testing and evaluation hub for sonar systems for the Indian Navy. It consists of two platforms – one floating on the water surface and the other submersible up to 100 meters using winch systems. SPACE facilitates the evaluation of complete sonar systems and scientific packages, supporting survey, sampling, and data collection of various parameters. Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. The sound waves are emitted into the water, and when they encounter an object, they are reflected back to the source. By measuring the time it takes for the sound waves to return and calculating the distance based on the speed of sound in water, sonar systems can determine the location and depth of underwater objects. The other options provided are incorrect as they either incorrectly define the acronym or describe methods that sonar does not use (like light waves or radio waves). Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/submersible-platform-for-acoustic-characterisation-and-evaluation-space/

#### 10. Question

Which of the following statements about sonar is correct?

• (a) Sonar stands for Sight Navigation and Ranging, and it uses light waves to detect objects underwater.

• (b) Sonar stands for Sound Amplification and Recognition, and it uses radio waves to detect objects underwater.

• (c) Sonar stands for Sound Amplification and Ranging, and it uses sound waves to detect objects in the air.

• (d) Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging, and it uses sound waves to detect objects underwater.

Explanation:

• Context: DRDO inaugurated a Submersible Platform for Acoustic Characterisation and Evaluation (SPACE) at the Underwater Acoustic Research Facility in Kerala. Designed by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, SPACE is a premier testing and evaluation hub for sonar systems for the Indian Navy. It consists of two platforms – one floating on the water surface and the other submersible up to 100 meters using winch systems. SPACE facilitates the evaluation of complete sonar systems and scientific packages, supporting survey, sampling, and data collection of various parameters.

• Designed by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, SPACE is a premier testing and evaluation hub for sonar systems for the Indian Navy.

• It consists of two platforms – one floating on the water surface and the other submersible up to 100 meters using winch systems.

• SPACE facilitates the evaluation of complete sonar systems and scientific packages, supporting survey, sampling, and data collection of various parameters.

• Sonar stands for Sound Navigation and Ranging. It is a technology that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. The sound waves are emitted into the water, and when they encounter an object, they are reflected back to the source. By measuring the time it takes for the sound waves to return and calculating the distance based on the speed of sound in water, sonar systems can determine the location and depth of underwater objects. The other options provided are incorrect as they either incorrectly define the acronym or describe methods that sonar does not use (like light waves or radio waves).

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/submersible-platform-for-acoustic-characterisation-and-evaluation-space/

Explanation:

• Designed by the Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory, SPACE is a premier testing and evaluation hub for sonar systems for the Indian Navy.

• It consists of two platforms – one floating on the water surface and the other submersible up to 100 meters using winch systems.

• SPACE facilitates the evaluation of complete sonar systems and scientific packages, supporting survey, sampling, and data collection of various parameters.

Refer: https://www.insightsonindia.com/2024/04/19/submersible-platform-for-acoustic-characterisation-and-evaluation-space/

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