UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 2 September 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

#### Quiz-summary

0 of 10 questions completed

Questions:

#### Information

Best of luck! 🙂

You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.

Quiz is loading...

You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.

You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:

0 of 10 questions answered correctly

Your time:

Time has elapsed

You have reached 0 of 0 points, (0)

Average score |

Your score |

#### Categories

• Not categorized 0%

Pos. | Name | Entered on | Points | Result

Table is loading

No data available

| | | |

• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points With reference to the Ramon Magsaysay Award, consider the following statements: It is awarded annually to individuals and organizations from Asia for selfless service. The award was established by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in memory of a former Philippine President. Educate Girls is the first Indian organization to receive this award. Vinoba Bhave was the first Indian to receive this award. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: D The Ramon Magsaysay Award, often called “Asia’s Nobel Prize,” is a prestigious award that recognizes exceptional contributions to society. Statement 1 is correct. The award is given annually to individuals and organizations from Asia who have demonstrated “greatness of spirit in selfless service to the people.” Statement 2 is correct. The award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It commemorates Ramon Magsaysay, the third president of the Republic of the Philippines. Statement 3 is correct. Educate Girls, an Indian NGO, has won the 2025 Ramon Magsaysay Award, making it the first Indian organization to receive this honor. Statement 4 is correct. Vinoba Bhave, the founder of the Bhoodan Movement, was the first Indian to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Community Leadership. Incorrect Solution: D The Ramon Magsaysay Award, often called “Asia’s Nobel Prize,” is a prestigious award that recognizes exceptional contributions to society. Statement 1 is correct. The award is given annually to individuals and organizations from Asia who have demonstrated “greatness of spirit in selfless service to the people.” Statement 2 is correct. The award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It commemorates Ramon Magsaysay, the third president of the Republic of the Philippines. Statement 3 is correct. Educate Girls, an Indian NGO, has won the 2025 Ramon Magsaysay Award, making it the first Indian organization to receive this honor. Statement 4 is correct. Vinoba Bhave, the founder of the Bhoodan Movement, was the first Indian to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Community Leadership.

#### 1. Question

With reference to the Ramon Magsaysay Award, consider the following statements:

• It is awarded annually to individuals and organizations from Asia for selfless service.

• The award was established by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in memory of a former Philippine President.

• Educate Girls is the first Indian organization to receive this award.

• Vinoba Bhave was the first Indian to receive this award.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: D

The Ramon Magsaysay Award, often called “Asia’s Nobel Prize,” is a prestigious award that recognizes exceptional contributions to society.

• Statement 1 is correct. The award is given annually to individuals and organizations from Asia who have demonstrated “greatness of spirit in selfless service to the people.”

• Statement 2 is correct. The award was established in 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund with the concurrence of the Philippine government. It commemorates Ramon Magsaysay, the third president of the Republic of the Philippines.

• Statement 3 is correct. Educate Girls, an Indian NGO, has won the 2025 Ramon Magsaysay Award, making it the first Indian organization to receive this honor.

• Statement 4 is correct. Vinoba Bhave, the founder of the Bhoodan Movement, was the first Indian to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Community Leadership.

Solution: D

The Ramon Magsaysay Award, often called “Asia’s Nobel Prize,” is a prestigious award that recognizes exceptional contributions to society.

• Statement 1 is correct. The award is given annually to individuals and organizations from Asia who have demonstrated “greatness of spirit in selfless service to the people.”

• Statement 3 is correct. Educate Girls, an Indian NGO, has won the 2025 Ramon Magsaysay Award, making it the first Indian organization to receive this honor.

• Statement 4 is correct. Vinoba Bhave, the founder of the Bhoodan Movement, was the first Indian to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1958 for Community Leadership.

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Mira variable stars: Statement I: Mira variable stars are pulsating red giant stars with a well-defined period-luminosity relationship. Statement II: The brightness variation in Mira variables is due to the nuclear fusion processes in their core. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Mira variable stars are a fascinating class of stars that play a crucial role in measuring cosmic distances. Statement I is correct. Mira variables are pulsating red giant stars in a late stage of their evolution. They exhibit a strong period-luminosity relationship, similar to Cepheid variables. This relationship means that their period of pulsation is directly related to their intrinsic brightness, which allows astronomers to use them as “standard candles” to measure distances in the universe. Statement II is incorrect. The brightness variation in Mira variables is not due to nuclear fusion processes in their core. Instead, it is caused by the expansion and contraction of their outer layers. These pulsations are driven by the kappa-mechanism, which is related to the opacity of the stellar material. Incorrect Solution: C Mira variable stars are a fascinating class of stars that play a crucial role in measuring cosmic distances. Statement I is correct. Mira variables are pulsating red giant stars in a late stage of their evolution. They exhibit a strong period-luminosity relationship, similar to Cepheid variables. This relationship means that their period of pulsation is directly related to their intrinsic brightness, which allows astronomers to use them as “standard candles” to measure distances in the universe. Statement II is incorrect. The brightness variation in Mira variables is not due to nuclear fusion processes in their core. Instead, it is caused by the expansion and contraction of their outer layers. These pulsations are driven by the kappa-mechanism, which is related to the opacity of the stellar material.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Mira variable stars:

Statement I: Mira variable stars are pulsating red giant stars with a well-defined period-luminosity relationship.

Statement II: The brightness variation in Mira variables is due to the nuclear fusion processes in their core.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

Mira variable stars are a fascinating class of stars that play a crucial role in measuring cosmic distances.

• Statement I is correct. Mira variables are pulsating red giant stars in a late stage of their evolution. They exhibit a strong period-luminosity relationship, similar to Cepheid variables. This relationship means that their period of pulsation is directly related to their intrinsic brightness, which allows astronomers to use them as “standard candles” to measure distances in the universe.

• Statement II is incorrect. The brightness variation in Mira variables is not due to nuclear fusion processes in their core. Instead, it is caused by the expansion and contraction of their outer layers. These pulsations are driven by the kappa-mechanism, which is related to the opacity of the stellar material.

Solution: C

Mira variable stars are a fascinating class of stars that play a crucial role in measuring cosmic distances.

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points With reference to the Government’s methodology for calculating Green Credit for tree plantation, consider the following statements: Green Credits are awarded immediately after the plantation of trees. A minimum of 60% canopy density is required for the issuance of Green Credits. The Green Credits are freely tradable and transferable in the open market. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism to incentivize voluntary environmental actions. The methodology for tree plantation has specific features to ensure its effectiveness. Statement 1 is incorrect. Green Credits are not awarded immediately after plantation. They are awarded only after 5 years of restoration, ensuring the survival and growth of the trees. This approach shifts the focus from mere tree-counting to actual ecological improvement. Statement 2 is incorrect. The 2025 notification specifies a minimum of 40% canopy density for the issuance of Green Credits, not 60%. This ensures that the afforestation efforts lead to a significant ecological impact. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Green Credits are non-tradable and non-transferable, with an exception for holding–subsidiary companies. They can be exchanged only once for compensatory afforestation, CSR compliance, or project-linked obligations, and are extinguished after use. This prevents speculation and ensures that the credits are used for their intended purpose. Incorrect Solution: D The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism to incentivize voluntary environmental actions. The methodology for tree plantation has specific features to ensure its effectiveness. Statement 1 is incorrect. Green Credits are not awarded immediately after plantation. They are awarded only after 5 years of restoration, ensuring the survival and growth of the trees. This approach shifts the focus from mere tree-counting to actual ecological improvement. Statement 2 is incorrect. The 2025 notification specifies a minimum of 40% canopy density for the issuance of Green Credits, not 60%. This ensures that the afforestation efforts lead to a significant ecological impact. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Green Credits are non-tradable and non-transferable, with an exception for holding–subsidiary companies. They can be exchanged only once for compensatory afforestation, CSR compliance, or project-linked obligations, and are extinguished after use. This prevents speculation and ensures that the credits are used for their intended purpose.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the Government’s methodology for calculating Green Credit for tree plantation, consider the following statements:

• Green Credits are awarded immediately after the plantation of trees.

• A minimum of 60% canopy density is required for the issuance of Green Credits.

• The Green Credits are freely tradable and transferable in the open market.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism to incentivize voluntary environmental actions. The methodology for tree plantation has specific features to ensure its effectiveness.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Green Credits are not awarded immediately after plantation. They are awarded only after 5 years of restoration, ensuring the survival and growth of the trees. This approach shifts the focus from mere tree-counting to actual ecological improvement.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The 2025 notification specifies a minimum of 40% canopy density for the issuance of Green Credits, not 60%. This ensures that the afforestation efforts lead to a significant ecological impact.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The Green Credits are non-tradable and non-transferable, with an exception for holding–subsidiary companies. They can be exchanged only once for compensatory afforestation, CSR compliance, or project-linked obligations, and are extinguished after use. This prevents speculation and ensures that the credits are used for their intended purpose.

Solution: D

The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism to incentivize voluntary environmental actions. The methodology for tree plantation has specific features to ensure its effectiveness.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding ‘mini cloudbursts’: They are defined as rainfall of ≥10 cm in an hour over a small area. The Himalayan states are the only regions in India affected by mini cloudbursts. Short-range prediction of mini cloudbursts is now possible with advanced technology. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. A mini cloudburst is defined as rainfall of ≥5 cm in an hour over a small area (~20–30 sq km). The official IMD criterion for a cloudburst is ≥10 cm/hr. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Himalayan states are highly susceptible to mini cloudbursts, they are not the only affected regions. Urban hotspots like Chennai, Mumbai, and Delhi NCR have also experienced such events. Orographic influence (mountains forcing air uplift) can trigger these events in various regions. Statement 3 is incorrect. Short-range prediction of mini cloudbursts remains impossible. While nowcasting of heavy clouding/rain is feasible, the localized and sudden nature of these events makes their precise prediction a major challenge. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is incorrect. A mini cloudburst is defined as rainfall of ≥5 cm in an hour over a small area (~20–30 sq km). The official IMD criterion for a cloudburst is ≥10 cm/hr. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Himalayan states are highly susceptible to mini cloudbursts, they are not the only affected regions. Urban hotspots like Chennai, Mumbai, and Delhi NCR have also experienced such events. Orographic influence (mountains forcing air uplift) can trigger these events in various regions. Statement 3 is incorrect. Short-range prediction of mini cloudbursts remains impossible. While nowcasting of heavy clouding/rain is feasible, the localized and sudden nature of these events makes their precise prediction a major challenge.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding ‘mini cloudbursts’:

• They are defined as rainfall of ≥10 cm in an hour over a small area.

• The Himalayan states are the only regions in India affected by mini cloudbursts.

• Short-range prediction of mini cloudbursts is now possible with advanced technology.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. A mini cloudburst is defined as rainfall of ≥5 cm in an hour over a small area (~20–30 sq km). The official IMD criterion for a cloudburst is ≥10 cm/hr.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Himalayan states are highly susceptible to mini cloudbursts, they are not the only affected regions. Urban hotspots like Chennai, Mumbai, and Delhi NCR have also experienced such events. Orographic influence (mountains forcing air uplift) can trigger these events in various regions.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. Short-range prediction of mini cloudbursts remains impossible. While nowcasting of heavy clouding/rain is feasible, the localized and sudden nature of these events makes their precise prediction a major challenge.

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is incorrect. A mini cloudburst is defined as rainfall of ≥5 cm in an hour over a small area (~20–30 sq km). The official IMD criterion for a cloudburst is ≥10 cm/hr.

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the ‘Vrindavani Vastra’: Statement I: The Vrindavani Vastra is a 16th-century silk tapestry depicting scenes from the life of Lord Krishna, created under the guidance of Srimanta Sankardeva. Statement II: The textile was commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C The Vrindavani Vastra is a masterpiece of Assamese textile art and a significant cultural artifact. Statement I is correct. The Vrindavani Vastra is a 16th-century silk tapestry that depicts scenes from the life of Lord Krishna in Vrindavan. It was created under the guidance of Srimanta Sankardeva, the great Vaishnavite saint and reformer of Assam. Statement II is incorrect. The textile was not commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha. It was commissioned by the Koch king Nara Narayan. Incorrect Solution: C The Vrindavani Vastra is a masterpiece of Assamese textile art and a significant cultural artifact. Statement I is correct. The Vrindavani Vastra is a 16th-century silk tapestry that depicts scenes from the life of Lord Krishna in Vrindavan. It was created under the guidance of Srimanta Sankardeva, the great Vaishnavite saint and reformer of Assam. Statement II is incorrect. The textile was not commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha. It was commissioned by the Koch king Nara Narayan.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements about the ‘Vrindavani Vastra’:

Statement I: The Vrindavani Vastra is a 16th-century silk tapestry depicting scenes from the life of Lord Krishna, created under the guidance of Srimanta Sankardeva.

Statement II: The textile was commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

The Vrindavani Vastra is a masterpiece of Assamese textile art and a significant cultural artifact.

• Statement I is correct. The Vrindavani Vastra is a 16th-century silk tapestry that depicts scenes from the life of Lord Krishna in Vrindavan. It was created under the guidance of Srimanta Sankardeva, the great Vaishnavite saint and reformer of Assam.

• Statement II is incorrect. The textile was not commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha. It was commissioned by the Koch king Nara Narayan.

Solution: C

The Vrindavani Vastra is a masterpiece of Assamese textile art and a significant cultural artifact.

• Statement II is incorrect. The textile was not commissioned by the Ahom king Rudra Singha. It was commissioned by the Koch king Nara Narayan.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points The term ‘Hubble Tension’ refers to: (a) The discrepancy in the measured expansion rate of the Universe between early and late-Universe methods. (b) The gravitational tension between the Hubble Space Telescope and the Earth. (c) The debate over the naming of the Hubble constant. (d) The strain on the Hubble Space Telescope's instruments due to its long operational life. Correct Solution: A The ‘Hubble Tension’ is a major conundrum in modern cosmology. It refers to the significant discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) as measured using two different methods. One method uses observations of the early Universe, specifically the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), to predict the Hubble constant. The other method uses observations of the late Universe, such as Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variable stars, to measure the Hubble constant directly. The two methods yield different values, and this disagreement is known as the Hubble tension. Resolving this tension could lead to new physics beyond the standard cosmological model. The study using Mira variable stars provides a new, independent way to measure the Hubble constant in the late Universe, which could help in resolving this tension. Incorrect Solution: A The ‘Hubble Tension’ is a major conundrum in modern cosmology. It refers to the significant discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) as measured using two different methods. One method uses observations of the early Universe, specifically the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), to predict the Hubble constant. The other method uses observations of the late Universe, such as Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variable stars, to measure the Hubble constant directly. The two methods yield different values, and this disagreement is known as the Hubble tension. Resolving this tension could lead to new physics beyond the standard cosmological model. The study using Mira variable stars provides a new, independent way to measure the Hubble constant in the late Universe, which could help in resolving this tension.

#### 6. Question

The term ‘Hubble Tension’ refers to:

• (a) The discrepancy in the measured expansion rate of the Universe between early and late-Universe methods.

• (b) The gravitational tension between the Hubble Space Telescope and the Earth.

• (c) The debate over the naming of the Hubble constant.

• (d) The strain on the Hubble Space Telescope's instruments due to its long operational life.

Solution: A

The ‘Hubble Tension’ is a major conundrum in modern cosmology.

• It refers to the significant discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) as measured using two different methods.

• One method uses observations of the early Universe, specifically the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), to predict the Hubble constant.

• The other method uses observations of the late Universe, such as Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variable stars, to measure the Hubble constant directly.

• The two methods yield different values, and this disagreement is known as the Hubble tension. Resolving this tension could lead to new physics beyond the standard cosmological model. The study using Mira variable stars provides a new, independent way to measure the Hubble constant in the late Universe, which could help in resolving this tension.

Solution: A

The ‘Hubble Tension’ is a major conundrum in modern cosmology.

• It refers to the significant discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant (the expansion rate of the Universe) as measured using two different methods.

• One method uses observations of the early Universe, specifically the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), to predict the Hubble constant.

• The other method uses observations of the late Universe, such as Type Ia supernovae and Cepheid variable stars, to measure the Hubble constant directly.

• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Which of the following statements about Nauru is/are correct? It is the world’s smallest island nation. It has no official capital city. Its economy is primarily based on tourism. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: B Nauru is a unique microstate in the Pacific Ocean with several distinctive features. Statement 1 is incorrect. Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world by area (21 sq km), after Vatican City and Monaco. It is not the smallest island nation. Tuvalu, for example, is smaller. Statement 2 is correct. Nauru has no official capital city. The Yaren District is the de facto capital, where most of the government buildings are located. Statement 3 is incorrect. Nauru’s economy was once rich due to extensive phosphate mining. However, the phosphate reserves are now largely depleted, and the country has faced economic instability. Its economy is now heavily dependent on Australia, particularly through the agreement to host an offshore refugee processing center. Tourism is not a major contributor to its economy. Incorrect Solution: B Nauru is a unique microstate in the Pacific Ocean with several distinctive features. Statement 1 is incorrect. Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world by area (21 sq km), after Vatican City and Monaco. It is not the smallest island nation. Tuvalu, for example, is smaller. Statement 2 is correct. Nauru has no official capital city. The Yaren District is the de facto capital, where most of the government buildings are located. Statement 3 is incorrect. Nauru’s economy was once rich due to extensive phosphate mining. However, the phosphate reserves are now largely depleted, and the country has faced economic instability. Its economy is now heavily dependent on Australia, particularly through the agreement to host an offshore refugee processing center. Tourism is not a major contributor to its economy.

#### 7. Question

Which of the following statements about Nauru is/are correct?

• It is the world’s smallest island nation.

• It has no official capital city.

• Its economy is primarily based on tourism.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) 1 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: B

Nauru is a unique microstate in the Pacific Ocean with several distinctive features.

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Nauru is the third-smallest country in the world by area (21 sq km), after Vatican City and Monaco. It is not the smallest island nation. Tuvalu, for example, is smaller.

• Statement 2 is correct. Nauru has no official capital city. The Yaren District is the de facto capital, where most of the government buildings are located.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Nauru’s economy was once rich due to extensive phosphate mining. However, the phosphate reserves are now largely depleted, and the country has faced economic instability. Its economy is now heavily dependent on Australia, particularly through the agreement to host an offshore refugee processing center. Tourism is not a major contributor to its economy.

Solution: B

Nauru is a unique microstate in the Pacific Ocean with several distinctive features.

• Statement 2 is correct. Nauru has no official capital city. The Yaren District is the de facto capital, where most of the government buildings are located.

• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points With reference to the Green Credit Programme, consider the following statements: Statement I: The programme is a market-based incentive mechanism to reward voluntary eco-friendly actions. Statement II: The credits generated under the programme can be used to meet Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) obligations. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: B The Green Credit Programme is an innovative environmental policy instrument. Statement I is correct. The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism that aims to incentivize a wide range of voluntary environmental actions, including tree plantation, water conservation, and sustainable agriculture. Statement II is correct. The Green Credits generated through these activities can be used by companies to meet their CSR obligations. This creates a link between corporate responsibility and environmental conservation. However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I. Incorrect Solution: B The Green Credit Programme is an innovative environmental policy instrument. Statement I is correct. The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism that aims to incentivize a wide range of voluntary environmental actions, including tree plantation, water conservation, and sustainable agriculture. Statement II is correct. The Green Credits generated through these activities can be used by companies to meet their CSR obligations. This creates a link between corporate responsibility and environmental conservation. However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I.

#### 8. Question

With reference to the Green Credit Programme, consider the following statements:

Statement I: The programme is a market-based incentive mechanism to reward voluntary eco-friendly actions.

Statement II: The credits generated under the programme can be used to meet Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) obligations.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: B

The Green Credit Programme is an innovative environmental policy instrument.

• Statement I is correct. The Green Credit Programme is a market-based mechanism that aims to incentivize a wide range of voluntary environmental actions, including tree plantation, water conservation, and sustainable agriculture.

• Statement II is correct. The Green Credits generated through these activities can be used by companies to meet their CSR obligations. This creates a link between corporate responsibility and environmental conservation.

• However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I.

Solution: B

The Green Credit Programme is an innovative environmental policy instrument.

• However, Statement II is not the correct explanation for Statement I.

• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following is NOT a feature of the newly raised ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions? (a) They are smaller in size compared to infantry battalions. (b) They will be equipped with the latest weapons and surveillance systems. (c) They are being raised through fresh recruitment of soldiers. (d) Their training includes a module with the Special Forces. Correct Solution: C The ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions have several distinct features that set them apart from other units. (a) is a feature. The Bhairav battalions are smaller in size (~250 soldiers) compared to infantry battalions (~800 soldiers), which makes them more agile and flexible. (b) is a feature. They will be equipped with the latest weapons, drones, surveillance systems, and tactical gadgets to operate effectively in modern battlefield conditions. (c) is NOT a feature. The Bhairav battalions are being raised under the “Save and Raise” approach, which means they are being formed from existing infantry battalions without fresh troop accretion. This is a key aspect of their formation. (d) is a feature. Their training includes a one-month module with the Special Forces for advanced skills, in addition to the initial training in their regimental centers. Incorrect Solution: C The ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions have several distinct features that set them apart from other units. (a) is a feature. The Bhairav battalions are smaller in size (~250 soldiers) compared to infantry battalions (~800 soldiers), which makes them more agile and flexible. (b) is a feature. They will be equipped with the latest weapons, drones, surveillance systems, and tactical gadgets to operate effectively in modern battlefield conditions. (c) is NOT a feature. The Bhairav battalions are being raised under the “Save and Raise” approach, which means they are being formed from existing infantry battalions without fresh troop accretion. This is a key aspect of their formation. (d) is a feature. Their training includes a one-month module with the Special Forces for advanced skills, in addition to the initial training in their regimental centers.

#### 9. Question

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the newly raised ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions?

• (a) They are smaller in size compared to infantry battalions.

• (b) They will be equipped with the latest weapons and surveillance systems.

• (c) They are being raised through fresh recruitment of soldiers.

• (d) Their training includes a module with the Special Forces.

Solution: C

The ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions have several distinct features that set them apart from other units.

• (a) is a feature. The Bhairav battalions are smaller in size (~250 soldiers) compared to infantry battalions (~800 soldiers), which makes them more agile and flexible.

• (b) is a feature. They will be equipped with the latest weapons, drones, surveillance systems, and tactical gadgets to operate effectively in modern battlefield conditions.

• (c) is NOT a feature. The Bhairav battalions are being raised under the “Save and Raise” approach, which means they are being formed from existing infantry battalions without fresh troop accretion. This is a key aspect of their formation.

(d) is a feature. Their training includes a one-month module with the Special Forces for advanced skills, in addition to the initial training in their regimental centers.

Solution: C

The ‘Bhairav’ commando battalions have several distinct features that set them apart from other units.

• (a) is a feature. The Bhairav battalions are smaller in size (~250 soldiers) compared to infantry battalions (~800 soldiers), which makes them more agile and flexible.

• (b) is a feature. They will be equipped with the latest weapons, drones, surveillance systems, and tactical gadgets to operate effectively in modern battlefield conditions.

(d) is a feature. Their training includes a one-month module with the Special Forces for advanced skills, in addition to the initial training in their regimental centers.

• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Consider the following statements: Statement I: The declaration of famine in Gaza by the United Nations was attributed to the systematic obstruction of humanitarian aid. Statement II: International Humanitarian Law (IHL) considers the deliberate use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare to be a war crime. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The context explicitly mentions that the UN declared a famine in Gaza, “citing systematic obstruction of humanitarian aid by Israel.” The attribution of the famine to human actions (obstruction of aid) rather than natural causes is a key element of the declaration. Statement-II is correct. This is a fundamental principle of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the laws of war. Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court explicitly prohibit attacking, destroying, or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population. Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by impeding relief supplies is defined as a war crime. Statement-II provides the legal and ethical framework that gives weight and gravity to the accusation in Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The context explicitly mentions that the UN declared a famine in Gaza, “citing systematic obstruction of humanitarian aid by Israel.” The attribution of the famine to human actions (obstruction of aid) rather than natural causes is a key element of the declaration. Statement-II is correct. This is a fundamental principle of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the laws of war. Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court explicitly prohibit attacking, destroying, or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population. Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by impeding relief supplies is defined as a war crime. Statement-II provides the legal and ethical framework that gives weight and gravity to the accusation in Statement-I.

#### 10. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement I: The declaration of famine in Gaza by the United Nations was attributed to the systematic obstruction of humanitarian aid.

Statement II: International Humanitarian Law (IHL) considers the deliberate use of starvation of civilians as a method of warfare to be a war crime.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. The context explicitly mentions that the UN declared a famine in Gaza, “citing systematic obstruction of humanitarian aid by Israel.” The attribution of the famine to human actions (obstruction of aid) rather than natural causes is a key element of the declaration.

• Statement-II is correct. This is a fundamental principle of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), also known as the laws of war. Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court explicitly prohibit attacking, destroying, or rendering useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population. Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare by impeding relief supplies is defined as a war crime.

• Statement-II provides the legal and ethical framework that gives weight and gravity to the accusation in Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Statement-II provides the legal and ethical framework that gives weight and gravity to the accusation in Statement-I.

Join our Official Telegram Channel HERE for Motivation and Fast Updates for

Join our Twitter Channel HERE

Follow our Instagram Channel HERE