UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 2 May 2025

The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.

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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR). Statement-I: ANPR systems help improve road tax compliance and traffic law enforcement. Statement-II: They rely on blockchain-based registries for immutable vehicle identification. Select the correct answer code: a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: c) Statement-I is correct. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems significantly enhance road tax compliance by automatically identifying vehicles that haven’t paid their dues. They also aid in traffic law enforcement by detecting vehicles involved in violations like speeding, running red lights, or unauthorized parking. This automation streamlines the process for authorities and improves overall adherence to traffic regulations. Statement-II is incorrect. While blockchain technology offers potential benefits for secure and immutable data storage, current ANPR systems do not primarily rely on blockchain-based registries for vehicle identification. Instead, they typically utilize conventional centralized or cloud-based databases, such as India’s VAHAN database, which store vehicle registration information linked to license plate numbers. ANPR systems capture license plate images and cross-reference them with these established databases for verification and enforcement actions. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement-I is correct. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems significantly enhance road tax compliance by automatically identifying vehicles that haven’t paid their dues. They also aid in traffic law enforcement by detecting vehicles involved in violations like speeding, running red lights, or unauthorized parking. This automation streamlines the process for authorities and improves overall adherence to traffic regulations. Statement-II is incorrect. While blockchain technology offers potential benefits for secure and immutable data storage, current ANPR systems do not primarily rely on blockchain-based registries for vehicle identification. Instead, they typically utilize conventional centralized or cloud-based databases, such as India’s VAHAN database, which store vehicle registration information linked to license plate numbers. ANPR systems capture license plate images and cross-reference them with these established databases for verification and enforcement actions.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR).

Statement-I: ANPR systems help improve road tax compliance and traffic law enforcement. Statement-II: They rely on blockchain-based registries for immutable vehicle identification.

Select the correct answer code:

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: c)

Statement-I is correct. Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems significantly enhance road tax compliance by automatically identifying vehicles that haven’t paid their dues. They also aid in traffic law enforcement by detecting vehicles involved in violations like speeding, running red lights, or unauthorized parking. This automation streamlines the process for authorities and improves overall adherence to traffic regulations.

Statement-II is incorrect. While blockchain technology offers potential benefits for secure and immutable data storage, current ANPR systems do not primarily rely on blockchain-based registries for vehicle identification. Instead, they typically utilize conventional centralized or cloud-based databases, such as India’s VAHAN database, which store vehicle registration information linked to license plate numbers. ANPR systems capture license plate images and cross-reference them with these established databases for verification and enforcement actions.

Solution: c)

• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integration in tolling: GNSS cannot be used in tunnels or under dense foliage. GNSS tolling allows real-time feedback on road conditions to drivers. GNSS allows seamless interoperability across countries using different satellite systems. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect. While it’s true that GNSS signals can be weakened or blocked in tunnels and under dense foliage, modern GNSS-based tolling systems often integrate with other technologies like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) or roadside beacons. IMUs can provide positioning data when GNSS signals are temporarily unavailable, and roadside units can act as supplementary positioning references, ensuring continuous tracking and toll collection even in challenging environments. Statement 2 is incorrect. The primary function of GNSS in tolling is to track the distance a vehicle travels on tolled roads for billing purposes. While the underlying technology could potentially be integrated with systems providing real-time traffic information, GNSS tolling itself is not inherently designed to offer drivers real-time feedback on road conditions, such as accidents or congestion. This kind of information is typically provided by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies. Statement 3 is correct. GNSS is an umbrella term encompassing various global satellite navigation systems like GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China). Modern On-Board Units (OBUs) used for GNSS tolling are increasingly designed to be compatible with multiple GNSS constellations. This multi-constellation capability enables seamless interoperability for tolling across different countries that may primarily rely on different satellite systems, facilitating smoother cross-border travel and toll collection. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect. While it’s true that GNSS signals can be weakened or blocked in tunnels and under dense foliage, modern GNSS-based tolling systems often integrate with other technologies like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) or roadside beacons. IMUs can provide positioning data when GNSS signals are temporarily unavailable, and roadside units can act as supplementary positioning references, ensuring continuous tracking and toll collection even in challenging environments. Statement 2 is incorrect. The primary function of GNSS in tolling is to track the distance a vehicle travels on tolled roads for billing purposes. While the underlying technology could potentially be integrated with systems providing real-time traffic information, GNSS tolling itself is not inherently designed to offer drivers real-time feedback on road conditions, such as accidents or congestion. This kind of information is typically provided by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies. Statement 3 is correct. GNSS is an umbrella term encompassing various global satellite navigation systems like GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China). Modern On-Board Units (OBUs) used for GNSS tolling are increasingly designed to be compatible with multiple GNSS constellations. This multi-constellation capability enables seamless interoperability for tolling across different countries that may primarily rely on different satellite systems, facilitating smoother cross-border travel and toll collection.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integration in tolling:

• GNSS cannot be used in tunnels or under dense foliage.

• GNSS tolling allows real-time feedback on road conditions to drivers.

• GNSS allows seamless interoperability across countries using different satellite systems.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect. While it’s true that GNSS signals can be weakened or blocked in tunnels and under dense foliage, modern GNSS-based tolling systems often integrate with other technologies like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) or roadside beacons. IMUs can provide positioning data when GNSS signals are temporarily unavailable, and roadside units can act as supplementary positioning references, ensuring continuous tracking and toll collection even in challenging environments.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The primary function of GNSS in tolling is to track the distance a vehicle travels on tolled roads for billing purposes. While the underlying technology could potentially be integrated with systems providing real-time traffic information, GNSS tolling itself is not inherently designed to offer drivers real-time feedback on road conditions, such as accidents or congestion. This kind of information is typically provided by Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies.

Statement 3 is correct. GNSS is an umbrella term encompassing various global satellite navigation systems like GPS (USA), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China). Modern On-Board Units (OBUs) used for GNSS tolling are increasingly designed to be compatible with multiple GNSS constellations. This multi-constellation capability enables seamless interoperability for tolling across different countries that may primarily rely on different satellite systems, facilitating smoother cross-border travel and toll collection.

Solution: a)

• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC): KVIC was originally established as part of the Planning Commission. KVIC supplies raw materials and offers artisan training. It undertakes R&D to promote renewable energy use in rural industries. KVIC has the authority to conduct market linkage campaigns and retail promotions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect—KVIC was created under a Parliamentary Act, not under the Planning Commission. It predates the formal integration of Khadi initiatives into central planning processes. Statement 2 is correct—KVIC plays a central role in supplying raw materials to artisans and offers training through various departmental and non-departmental centers, thereby improving production and skill development. Statement 3 is correct—research and innovation are emphasized by KVIC, particularly focusing on renewable and non-conventional energy to enhance productivity in rural industries. These R&D efforts are crucial for sustainability and cost-effectiveness in decentralized production models. Statement 4 is correct. KVIC actively engages in marketing, brand promotion, and sales facilitation through tie-ups with online platforms, exhibitions, and Khadi stores to support rural entrepreneurs. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect—KVIC was created under a Parliamentary Act, not under the Planning Commission. It predates the formal integration of Khadi initiatives into central planning processes. Statement 2 is correct—KVIC plays a central role in supplying raw materials to artisans and offers training through various departmental and non-departmental centers, thereby improving production and skill development. Statement 3 is correct—research and innovation are emphasized by KVIC, particularly focusing on renewable and non-conventional energy to enhance productivity in rural industries. These R&D efforts are crucial for sustainability and cost-effectiveness in decentralized production models. Statement 4 is correct. KVIC actively engages in marketing, brand promotion, and sales facilitation through tie-ups with online platforms, exhibitions, and Khadi stores to support rural entrepreneurs.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC):

• KVIC was originally established as part of the Planning Commission.

• KVIC supplies raw materials and offers artisan training.

• It undertakes R&D to promote renewable energy use in rural industries.

• KVIC has the authority to conduct market linkage campaigns and retail promotions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect—KVIC was created under a Parliamentary Act, not under the Planning Commission. It predates the formal integration of Khadi initiatives into central planning processes.

Statement 2 is correct—KVIC plays a central role in supplying raw materials to artisans and offers training through various departmental and non-departmental centers, thereby improving production and skill development.

Statement 3 is correct—research and innovation are emphasized by KVIC, particularly focusing on renewable and non-conventional energy to enhance productivity in rural industries. These R&D efforts are crucial for sustainability and cost-effectiveness in decentralized production models.

Statement 4 is correct. KVIC actively engages in marketing, brand promotion, and sales facilitation through tie-ups with online platforms, exhibitions, and Khadi stores to support rural entrepreneurs.

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect—KVIC was created under a Parliamentary Act, not under the Planning Commission. It predates the formal integration of Khadi initiatives into central planning processes.

• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the objectives and design of the HEALD initiative, recently in news: It promotes liver transplant surgeries under a subsidized scheme. It aims to integrate liver health into national health policies. Community outreach under HEALD focuses on underprivileged populations. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The HEALD initiative, which stands for “Holistic Approach to Liver Disease,” primarily focuses on a comprehensive strategy for liver health encompassing prevention, early detection, management, and creating awareness about various liver diseases. It does not have a mandate to promote or subsidize liver transplant surgeries. While liver transplants are a critical intervention for end-stage liver disease, they fall outside the core objectives of HEALD as currently understood. Statement 2 is correct. A key aim of the HEALD initiative is to integrate liver health into national health policies and programs. This involves advocating for the inclusion of liver disease prevention and management strategies within broader public health frameworks, ensuring that liver health receives adequate attention and resources at the national level. Statement 3 is correct. Community outreach is a significant component of the HEALD initiative, with a particular focus on reaching underprivileged and vulnerable populations. These communities often face higher risks of liver disease due to factors like poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare, and nutritional deficiencies. HEALD’s outreach programs aim to raise awareness, conduct screenings, and provide essential information and support to these underserved groups. The Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS) is the implementing agency for this initiative, emphasizing its commitment to public health and community engagement. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The HEALD initiative, which stands for “Holistic Approach to Liver Disease,” primarily focuses on a comprehensive strategy for liver health encompassing prevention, early detection, management, and creating awareness about various liver diseases. It does not have a mandate to promote or subsidize liver transplant surgeries. While liver transplants are a critical intervention for end-stage liver disease, they fall outside the core objectives of HEALD as currently understood. Statement 2 is correct. A key aim of the HEALD initiative is to integrate liver health into national health policies and programs. This involves advocating for the inclusion of liver disease prevention and management strategies within broader public health frameworks, ensuring that liver health receives adequate attention and resources at the national level. Statement 3 is correct. Community outreach is a significant component of the HEALD initiative, with a particular focus on reaching underprivileged and vulnerable populations. These communities often face higher risks of liver disease due to factors like poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare, and nutritional deficiencies. HEALD’s outreach programs aim to raise awareness, conduct screenings, and provide essential information and support to these underserved groups. The Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS) is the implementing agency for this initiative, emphasizing its commitment to public health and community engagement.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the objectives and design of the HEALD initiative, recently in news:

• It promotes liver transplant surgeries under a subsidized scheme.

• It aims to integrate liver health into national health policies.

• Community outreach under HEALD focuses on underprivileged populations.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect. The HEALD initiative, which stands for “Holistic Approach to Liver Disease,” primarily focuses on a comprehensive strategy for liver health encompassing prevention, early detection, management, and creating awareness about various liver diseases. It does not have a mandate to promote or subsidize liver transplant surgeries. While liver transplants are a critical intervention for end-stage liver disease, they fall outside the core objectives of HEALD as currently understood.

Statement 2 is correct. A key aim of the HEALD initiative is to integrate liver health into national health policies and programs. This involves advocating for the inclusion of liver disease prevention and management strategies within broader public health frameworks, ensuring that liver health receives adequate attention and resources at the national level.

Statement 3 is correct. Community outreach is a significant component of the HEALD initiative, with a particular focus on reaching underprivileged and vulnerable populations. These communities often face higher risks of liver disease due to factors like poor sanitation, limited access to healthcare, and nutritional deficiencies.

HEALD’s outreach programs aim to raise awareness, conduct screenings, and provide essential information and support to these underserved groups. The Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS) is the implementing agency for this initiative, emphasizing its commitment to public health and community engagement.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. Inclusion in the Eighth Schedule ensures use of the language in the UPSC Civil Services Exam. Sanskrit is one of the 22 languages listed in the Schedule. Inclusion in the Schedule mandates its use in primary education across India. English was added to the Eighth Schedule after liberalization in 1991. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct—languages included in the Eighth Schedule are permitted as mediums of examination in UPSC and other public service recruitment. Statement 2 is correct – Sanskrit is indeed one of the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule. Statement 3 is incorrect—inclusion does not automatically mandate educational use. Language policy in education is determined by the states and NEP guidelines, not directly by Schedule inclusion. Statement 4 is incorrect—English is not part of the Eighth Schedule; it is an official language under Article 343, but not a scheduled language. About the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution: What is the Eighth Schedule? The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the languages recognized by the Constitution for official purposes. Constitutional references: Article 344(1) and Article 351. Languages Included: Currently contains 22 languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, and Bodo. History: Originally, 14 languages were included at the time of adoption in 1950. Later additions: Sindhi (1967) Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004). Benefits of Inclusion: Constitutional recognition at the national level. Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation. Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration. Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct—languages included in the Eighth Schedule are permitted as mediums of examination in UPSC and other public service recruitment. Statement 2 is correct – Sanskrit is indeed one of the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule. Statement 3 is incorrect—inclusion does not automatically mandate educational use. Language policy in education is determined by the states and NEP guidelines, not directly by Schedule inclusion. Statement 4 is incorrect—English is not part of the Eighth Schedule; it is an official language under Article 343, but not a scheduled language. About the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution: What is the Eighth Schedule? The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the languages recognized by the Constitution for official purposes. Constitutional references: Article 344(1) and Article 351. Languages Included: Currently contains 22 languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, and Bodo. History: Originally, 14 languages were included at the time of adoption in 1950. Later additions: Sindhi (1967) Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004). Benefits of Inclusion: Constitutional recognition at the national level. Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation. Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration. Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

• Inclusion in the Eighth Schedule ensures use of the language in the UPSC Civil Services Exam.

• Sanskrit is one of the 22 languages listed in the Schedule.

• Inclusion in the Schedule mandates its use in primary education across India.

• English was added to the Eighth Schedule after liberalization in 1991.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct—languages included in the Eighth Schedule are permitted as mediums of examination in UPSC and other public service recruitment.

Statement 2 is correct – Sanskrit is indeed one of the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule.

Statement 3 is incorrect—inclusion does not automatically mandate educational use. Language policy in education is determined by the states and NEP guidelines, not directly by Schedule inclusion.

Statement 4 is incorrect—English is not part of the Eighth Schedule; it is an official language under Article 343, but not a scheduled language.

About the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution:

• What is the Eighth Schedule? The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the languages recognized by the Constitution for official purposes. Constitutional references: Article 344(1) and Article 351.

• The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the languages recognized by the Constitution for official purposes.

• Constitutional references: Article 344(1) and Article 351.

• Languages Included: Currently contains 22 languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, and Bodo.

• History: Originally, 14 languages were included at the time of adoption in 1950. Later additions: Sindhi (1967) Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004). Benefits of Inclusion: Constitutional recognition at the national level. Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation. Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration. Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education.

• Originally, 14 languages were included at the time of adoption in 1950.

• Later additions: Sindhi (1967) Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004).

• Sindhi (1967)

• Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992)

• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004).

• Benefits of Inclusion: Constitutional recognition at the national level. Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation. Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration. Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education.

• Constitutional recognition at the national level.

• Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation.

• Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration.

• Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct—languages included in the Eighth Schedule are permitted as mediums of examination in UPSC and other public service recruitment.

Statement 2 is correct – Sanskrit is indeed one of the 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule.

Statement 4 is incorrect—English is not part of the Eighth Schedule; it is an official language under Article 343, but not a scheduled language.

About the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution:

• The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India lists the languages recognized by the Constitution for official purposes.

• Constitutional references: Article 344(1) and Article 351.

• Languages Included: Currently contains 22 languages, including Hindi, Bengali, Assamese, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, and Bodo.

• Originally, 14 languages were included at the time of adoption in 1950.

• Later additions: Sindhi (1967) Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992) Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004).

• Sindhi (1967)

• Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali (1992)

• Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali (2004).

• Constitutional recognition at the national level.

• Enhanced government support for language promotion and preservation.

• Eligibility for official use in exams like UPSC and public administration.

• Boosts cultural pride, literary development, and language education.

• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about Moonlight Solar Panels Technology: Statement-I: Moonlight Solar Panels generate electricity using heat lost from their surfaces at night. Statement-II: It works based on thermoelectric generators capturing radiative cooling differentials. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: a) Statement I explains what happens—electricity is generated at night. Statement II explains how—via thermoelectric generators, which convert the temperature gradient created by radiative cooling into a small electric current. This technology is a breakthrough for night-time energy harvesting and serves as a promising enhancement to solar infrastructure. About Moonlight Solar Panels Technology: What it is? A new technology that enables solar panels to generate electricity during nighttime and under low-light conditions. How It Works? Utilizes radiative cooling, a natural process where heat radiates from the Earth’s surface into space, especially on clear nights. Thermoelectric generators are attached to modified solar panels to capture the heat dissipating from the panels and convert it into electricity. This method taps the temperature difference between the panel and the surrounding air to produce energy. Key Features: Generates about 50 milliwatts per square meter at night (compared to 200 watts per square meter during the day by traditional panels). Can power small devices like LEDs, environmental sensors, and IoT gadgets. Retrofit-friendly: Can be integrated into existing solar panel installations without the need for complete replacement. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement I explains what happens—electricity is generated at night. Statement II explains how—via thermoelectric generators, which convert the temperature gradient created by radiative cooling into a small electric current. This technology is a breakthrough for night-time energy harvesting and serves as a promising enhancement to solar infrastructure. About Moonlight Solar Panels Technology: What it is? A new technology that enables solar panels to generate electricity during nighttime and under low-light conditions. How It Works? Utilizes radiative cooling, a natural process where heat radiates from the Earth’s surface into space, especially on clear nights. Thermoelectric generators are attached to modified solar panels to capture the heat dissipating from the panels and convert it into electricity. This method taps the temperature difference between the panel and the surrounding air to produce energy. Key Features: Generates about 50 milliwatts per square meter at night (compared to 200 watts per square meter during the day by traditional panels). Can power small devices like LEDs, environmental sensors, and IoT gadgets. Retrofit-friendly: Can be integrated into existing solar panel installations without the need for complete replacement.

#### 6. Question

Consider the following statements about Moonlight Solar Panels Technology:

Statement-I: Moonlight Solar Panels generate electricity using heat lost from their surfaces at night. Statement-II: It works based on thermoelectric generators capturing radiative cooling differentials.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: a)

• Statement I explains what happens—electricity is generated at night.

• Statement II explains how—via thermoelectric generators, which convert the temperature gradient created by radiative cooling into a small electric current. This technology is a breakthrough for night-time energy harvesting and serves as a promising enhancement to solar infrastructure.

About Moonlight Solar Panels Technology:

• What it is? A new technology that enables solar panels to generate electricity during nighttime and under low-light conditions.

• A new technology that enables solar panels to generate electricity during nighttime and under low-light conditions.

• How It Works? Utilizes radiative cooling, a natural process where heat radiates from the Earth’s surface into space, especially on clear nights. Thermoelectric generators are attached to modified solar panels to capture the heat dissipating from the panels and convert it into electricity. This method taps the temperature difference between the panel and the surrounding air to produce energy.

• Utilizes radiative cooling, a natural process where heat radiates from the Earth’s surface into space, especially on clear nights.

• Thermoelectric generators are attached to modified solar panels to capture the heat dissipating from the panels and convert it into electricity.

• This method taps the temperature difference between the panel and the surrounding air to produce energy.

• Key Features: Generates about 50 milliwatts per square meter at night (compared to 200 watts per square meter during the day by traditional panels). Can power small devices like LEDs, environmental sensors, and IoT gadgets. Retrofit-friendly: Can be integrated into existing solar panel installations without the need for complete replacement.

• Generates about 50 milliwatts per square meter at night (compared to 200 watts per square meter during the day by traditional panels).

• Can power small devices like LEDs, environmental sensors, and IoT gadgets.

• Retrofit-friendly: Can be integrated into existing solar panel installations without the need for complete replacement.