UPSC Current Affairs Quiz : 19 March 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
The Current Affairs Quiz 2024 is a daily quiz based on the DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS AND PIB SUMMARY from the previous day, as posted on our website. It covers all relevant news sources and is designed to test your knowledge of current events. Solving these questions will help you retain both concepts and facts relevant to the UPSC IAS civil services exam.
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• Question 1 of 10 1. Question 1 points What is the key characteristic of Oxo-degradable plastics? (a) They are compostable and yield biomass during decomposition (b) They are derived from renewable biomass (c) They contain additives that help break them into smaller fragments, leading to microplastic leakage (d) They are completely biodegradable in the environment Correct Solution: C Oxo-degradable plastics are not truly biodegradable but instead fragment into microplastics due to the presence of chemical additives. These additives enable oxidation, which accelerates the breakdown of plastic under exposure to heat, light, and oxygen. However, instead of decomposing into harmless organic matter, they disintegrate into microplastics, which persist in the environment and contribute to long-term pollution. Unlike compostable plastics (which degrade into biomass, water, and carbon dioxide), oxo-degradable plastics do not fully break down and instead create microplastic contamination in soil, water bodies, and marine ecosystems. They are often mistaken as a solution to plastic waste, but their environmental impact remains a major concern. Due to these issues, many countries and environmental organizations discourage or ban the use of oxo-degradable plastics, advocating instead for biodegradable or compostable alternatives that completely degrade into natural elements without harmful residues. Incorrect Solution: C Oxo-degradable plastics are not truly biodegradable but instead fragment into microplastics due to the presence of chemical additives. These additives enable oxidation, which accelerates the breakdown of plastic under exposure to heat, light, and oxygen. However, instead of decomposing into harmless organic matter, they disintegrate into microplastics, which persist in the environment and contribute to long-term pollution. Unlike compostable plastics (which degrade into biomass, water, and carbon dioxide), oxo-degradable plastics do not fully break down and instead create microplastic contamination in soil, water bodies, and marine ecosystems. They are often mistaken as a solution to plastic waste, but their environmental impact remains a major concern. Due to these issues, many countries and environmental organizations discourage or ban the use of oxo-degradable plastics, advocating instead for biodegradable or compostable alternatives that completely degrade into natural elements without harmful residues.
#### 1. Question
What is the key characteristic of Oxo-degradable plastics?
• (a) They are compostable and yield biomass during decomposition
• (b) They are derived from renewable biomass
• (c) They contain additives that help break them into smaller fragments, leading to microplastic leakage
• (d) They are completely biodegradable in the environment
Solution: C
• Oxo-degradable plastics are not truly biodegradable but instead fragment into microplastics due to the presence of chemical additives. These additives enable oxidation, which accelerates the breakdown of plastic under exposure to heat, light, and oxygen. However, instead of decomposing into harmless organic matter, they disintegrate into microplastics, which persist in the environment and contribute to long-term pollution.
• Unlike compostable plastics (which degrade into biomass, water, and carbon dioxide), oxo-degradable plastics do not fully break down and instead create microplastic contamination in soil, water bodies, and marine ecosystems. They are often mistaken as a solution to plastic waste, but their environmental impact remains a major concern.
• Due to these issues, many countries and environmental organizations discourage or ban the use of oxo-degradable plastics, advocating instead for biodegradable or compostable alternatives that completely degrade into natural elements without harmful residues.
Solution: C
• Oxo-degradable plastics are not truly biodegradable but instead fragment into microplastics due to the presence of chemical additives. These additives enable oxidation, which accelerates the breakdown of plastic under exposure to heat, light, and oxygen. However, instead of decomposing into harmless organic matter, they disintegrate into microplastics, which persist in the environment and contribute to long-term pollution.
• Unlike compostable plastics (which degrade into biomass, water, and carbon dioxide), oxo-degradable plastics do not fully break down and instead create microplastic contamination in soil, water bodies, and marine ecosystems. They are often mistaken as a solution to plastic waste, but their environmental impact remains a major concern.
• Due to these issues, many countries and environmental organizations discourage or ban the use of oxo-degradable plastics, advocating instead for biodegradable or compostable alternatives that completely degrade into natural elements without harmful residues.
• Question 2 of 10 2. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the use of helium in rockets: Helium is used to pressurize fuel tanks in rockets because it remains a gas even at very low temperatures. Helium is highly reactive and ensures that the fuel burns efficiently in rocket engines. Alternatives like argon and nitrogen are commonly used instead of helium due to their lower costs. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Helium plays a crucial role in rocketry, particularly in pressurizing fuel tanks. Unlike most gases, helium remains in a gaseous state even at extremely low temperatures, making it ideal for maintaining pressure in cryogenic fuel tanks that store liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This ensures a steady and controlled flow of fuel into the rocket engines, preventing tank collapse due to external pressure. Statement 2 is incorrect because helium is an inert gas—it does not react with fuel or contribute to combustion. Its primary role is maintaining pressure and purging systems, not enhancing fuel efficiency. Statement 3 is also incorrect because, despite its high cost, helium remains the preferred choice in the space industry due to its unique properties. While argon and nitrogen have been explored, they are less effective for critical space applications. Incorrect Solution: A Helium plays a crucial role in rocketry, particularly in pressurizing fuel tanks. Unlike most gases, helium remains in a gaseous state even at extremely low temperatures, making it ideal for maintaining pressure in cryogenic fuel tanks that store liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This ensures a steady and controlled flow of fuel into the rocket engines, preventing tank collapse due to external pressure. Statement 2 is incorrect because helium is an inert gas—it does not react with fuel or contribute to combustion. Its primary role is maintaining pressure and purging systems, not enhancing fuel efficiency. Statement 3 is also incorrect because, despite its high cost, helium remains the preferred choice in the space industry due to its unique properties. While argon and nitrogen have been explored, they are less effective for critical space applications.
#### 2. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the use of helium in rockets:
• Helium is used to pressurize fuel tanks in rockets because it remains a gas even at very low temperatures.
• Helium is highly reactive and ensures that the fuel burns efficiently in rocket engines.
• Alternatives like argon and nitrogen are commonly used instead of helium due to their lower costs.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: A
• Helium plays a crucial role in rocketry, particularly in pressurizing fuel tanks. Unlike most gases, helium remains in a gaseous state even at extremely low temperatures, making it ideal for maintaining pressure in cryogenic fuel tanks that store liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This ensures a steady and controlled flow of fuel into the rocket engines, preventing tank collapse due to external pressure.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because helium is an inert gas—it does not react with fuel or contribute to combustion. Its primary role is maintaining pressure and purging systems, not enhancing fuel efficiency.
• Statement 3 is also incorrect because, despite its high cost, helium remains the preferred choice in the space industry due to its unique properties. While argon and nitrogen have been explored, they are less effective for critical space applications.
Solution: A
• Helium plays a crucial role in rocketry, particularly in pressurizing fuel tanks. Unlike most gases, helium remains in a gaseous state even at extremely low temperatures, making it ideal for maintaining pressure in cryogenic fuel tanks that store liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This ensures a steady and controlled flow of fuel into the rocket engines, preventing tank collapse due to external pressure.
• Statement 2 is incorrect because helium is an inert gas—it does not react with fuel or contribute to combustion. Its primary role is maintaining pressure and purging systems, not enhancing fuel efficiency.
• Statement 3 is also incorrect because, despite its high cost, helium remains the preferred choice in the space industry due to its unique properties. While argon and nitrogen have been explored, they are less effective for critical space applications.
• Question 3 of 10 3. Question 1 points Consider the following statements about the impact of polar ice melt on marine ecosystems: Habitat loss due to ice melt primarily affects species like polar bears and penguins. Changing salinity levels and water temperatures in the ocean are altering the biodiversity of marine ecosystems. Ocean acidification benefits shell-forming marine species by creating more favorable environments. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct because polar ice melt leads to habitat loss for species like polar bears and penguins, which depend on sea ice for hunting and breeding. Statement 2 is also correct, as changing salinity and rising ocean temperatures due to melting ice are altering marine biodiversity, affecting species composition and distribution. However, statement 3 is incorrect because ocean acidification harms shell-forming species by reducing the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for building shells. Acidification poses a severe threat to these species. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct because polar ice melt leads to habitat loss for species like polar bears and penguins, which depend on sea ice for hunting and breeding. Statement 2 is also correct, as changing salinity and rising ocean temperatures due to melting ice are altering marine biodiversity, affecting species composition and distribution. However, statement 3 is incorrect because ocean acidification harms shell-forming species by reducing the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for building shells. Acidification poses a severe threat to these species.
#### 3. Question
Consider the following statements about the impact of polar ice melt on marine ecosystems:
• Habitat loss due to ice melt primarily affects species like polar bears and penguins.
• Changing salinity levels and water temperatures in the ocean are altering the biodiversity of marine ecosystems.
• Ocean acidification benefits shell-forming marine species by creating more favorable environments.
How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: A
Statement 1 is correct because polar ice melt leads to habitat loss for species like polar bears and penguins, which depend on sea ice for hunting and breeding.
Statement 2 is also correct, as changing salinity and rising ocean temperatures due to melting ice are altering marine biodiversity, affecting species composition and distribution.
However, statement 3 is incorrect because ocean acidification harms shell-forming species by reducing the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for building shells. Acidification poses a severe threat to these species.
Solution: A
Statement 1 is correct because polar ice melt leads to habitat loss for species like polar bears and penguins, which depend on sea ice for hunting and breeding.
Statement 2 is also correct, as changing salinity and rising ocean temperatures due to melting ice are altering marine biodiversity, affecting species composition and distribution.
However, statement 3 is incorrect because ocean acidification harms shell-forming species by reducing the availability of carbonate ions, which are essential for building shells. Acidification poses a severe threat to these species.
• Question 4 of 10 4. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding sickle cell disease: Sickle cell disease shortens the lifespan of patients to approximately 40 years. It is caused by a genetic abnormality passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease can be treated with antiviral medications. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as sickle cell disease typically reduces life expectancy to around 40 years due to various complications like organ damage, infections, and pain. Statement 2 is also correct, as the disease is genetic, passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent in tribal and rural regions of India, not urban areas. Statement 3 is incorrect because sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder, not caused by a virus, and cannot be treated with antiviral medications. Hydroxyurea, a vital medicine for treating sickle cell disease, been included in the essential medicines list; this has increased access to it. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct, as sickle cell disease typically reduces life expectancy to around 40 years due to various complications like organ damage, infections, and pain. Statement 2 is also correct, as the disease is genetic, passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent in tribal and rural regions of India, not urban areas. Statement 3 is incorrect because sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder, not caused by a virus, and cannot be treated with antiviral medications. Hydroxyurea, a vital medicine for treating sickle cell disease, been included in the essential medicines list; this has increased access to it.
#### 4. Question
Consider the following statements regarding sickle cell disease:
• Sickle cell disease shortens the lifespan of patients to approximately 40 years.
• It is caused by a genetic abnormality passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait.
• Sickle cell disease can be treated with antiviral medications.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: B
Statement 1 is correct, as sickle cell disease typically reduces life expectancy to around 40 years due to various complications like organ damage, infections, and pain.
Statement 2 is also correct, as the disease is genetic, passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent in tribal and rural regions of India, not urban areas.
Statement 3 is incorrect because sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder, not caused by a virus, and cannot be treated with antiviral medications.
Hydroxyurea, a vital medicine for treating sickle cell disease, been included in the essential medicines list; this has increased access to it.
Solution: B
Statement 1 is correct, as sickle cell disease typically reduces life expectancy to around 40 years due to various complications like organ damage, infections, and pain.
Statement 2 is also correct, as the disease is genetic, passed on when both parents carry the sickle cell trait. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent in tribal and rural regions of India, not urban areas.
Statement 3 is incorrect because sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder, not caused by a virus, and cannot be treated with antiviral medications.
Hydroxyurea, a vital medicine for treating sickle cell disease, been included in the essential medicines list; this has increased access to it.
• Question 5 of 10 5. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC): Ministers are allowed to serve as members of the PAC if they are not in charge of any financial ministry. The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was first established in 1950. The primary role of the PAC is to scrutinize government expenditure and ensure compliance with parliamentary grants. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because Ministers are not allowed to be members of the PAC, and if a member is appointed as a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Statement 2 is incorrect as the PAC was first established in 1921. Statement 3 is correct; the PAC scrutinizes government expenditure to ensure that spending aligns with parliamentary approvals. About Public Accounts Committee (PAC): Aspect Details Role Audits government revenue and expenditure, examining C&AG audit reports after being presented in Parliament. Assistance Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) assists in investigations. Function Ensures government spending is within the scope of Parliament’s grants. Genesis Established in 1921, became a Parliamentary Committee under the Speaker’s control in 1950. Membership 22 members (15 from Lok Sabha, 7 from Rajya Sabha), elected annually. Chairperson Appointed from Lok Sabha, traditionally from the Opposition since 1967-68. Exclusions Ministers are not members; if a member is appointed a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Key Functions 1. Scrutinizes government accounts and C&AG reports. 2. Reviews legality, authority, and prudence of expenditure. Examination Focus Ensures appropriations are spent for the approved purpose, follow authority, and maintain economy and efficiency. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect because Ministers are not allowed to be members of the PAC, and if a member is appointed as a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Statement 2 is incorrect as the PAC was first established in 1921. Statement 3 is correct; the PAC scrutinizes government expenditure to ensure that spending aligns with parliamentary approvals. About Public Accounts Committee (PAC): Aspect Details Role Audits government revenue and expenditure, examining C&AG audit reports after being presented in Parliament. Assistance Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) assists in investigations. Function Ensures government spending is within the scope of Parliament’s grants. Genesis Established in 1921, became a Parliamentary Committee under the Speaker’s control in 1950. Membership 22 members (15 from Lok Sabha, 7 from Rajya Sabha), elected annually. Chairperson Appointed from Lok Sabha, traditionally from the Opposition since 1967-68. Exclusions Ministers are not members; if a member is appointed a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Key Functions 1. Scrutinizes government accounts and C&AG reports. 2. Reviews legality, authority, and prudence of expenditure. Examination Focus Ensures appropriations are spent for the approved purpose, follow authority, and maintain economy and efficiency.
#### 5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding the Public Accounts Committee (PAC):
• Ministers are allowed to serve as members of the PAC if they are not in charge of any financial ministry.
• The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was first established in 1950.
• The primary role of the PAC is to scrutinize government expenditure and ensure compliance with parliamentary grants.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) 3 only
• (b) 1 and 3 only
• (c) 2 and 3 only
• (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: A
Statement 1 is incorrect because Ministers are not allowed to be members of the PAC, and if a member is appointed as a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Statement 2 is incorrect as the PAC was first established in 1921. Statement 3 is correct; the PAC scrutinizes government expenditure to ensure that spending aligns with parliamentary approvals.
About Public Accounts Committee (PAC):
Aspect | Details
Role | Audits government revenue and expenditure, examining C&AG audit reports after being presented in Parliament.
Assistance | Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) assists in investigations.
Function | Ensures government spending is within the scope of Parliament’s grants.
Genesis | Established in 1921, became a Parliamentary Committee under the Speaker’s control in 1950.
Membership | 22 members (15 from Lok Sabha, 7 from Rajya Sabha), elected annually.
Chairperson | Appointed from Lok Sabha, traditionally from the Opposition since 1967-68.
Exclusions | Ministers are not members; if a member is appointed a Minister, they must vacate their seat.
Key Functions | 1. Scrutinizes government accounts and C&AG reports. 2. Reviews legality, authority, and prudence of expenditure.
Examination Focus | Ensures appropriations are spent for the approved purpose, follow authority, and maintain economy and efficiency.
Solution: A
Statement 1 is incorrect because Ministers are not allowed to be members of the PAC, and if a member is appointed as a Minister, they must vacate their seat. Statement 2 is incorrect as the PAC was first established in 1921. Statement 3 is correct; the PAC scrutinizes government expenditure to ensure that spending aligns with parliamentary approvals.
About Public Accounts Committee (PAC):
Aspect | Details
Role | Audits government revenue and expenditure, examining C&AG audit reports after being presented in Parliament.
Assistance | Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG) assists in investigations.
Function | Ensures government spending is within the scope of Parliament’s grants.
Genesis | Established in 1921, became a Parliamentary Committee under the Speaker’s control in 1950.
Membership | 22 members (15 from Lok Sabha, 7 from Rajya Sabha), elected annually.
Chairperson | Appointed from Lok Sabha, traditionally from the Opposition since 1967-68.
Exclusions | Ministers are not members; if a member is appointed a Minister, they must vacate their seat.
Key Functions | 1. Scrutinizes government accounts and C&AG reports. 2. Reviews legality, authority, and prudence of expenditure.
Examination Focus | Ensures appropriations are spent for the approved purpose, follow authority, and maintain economy and efficiency.
• Question 6 of 10 6. Question 1 points What is the main environmental benefit of nano-fertilizers compared to traditional fertilizers? a) Nano-fertilizers are entirely organic and biodegradable b) Nano-fertilizers increase nutrient runoff into water bodies, enhancing aquatic ecosystems c) Nano-fertilizers completely eliminate the need for chemical fertilizers d) Nano-fertilizers reduce nutrient wastage and pollution, cutting fertilizer use by 50% Correct Solution: D The main environmental advantage of nano-fertilizers is their high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), with over 85% efficiency, as plants absorb nitrogen more effectively due to the nano-sized particles. This results in reduced nutrient wastage, with fertilizer usage cut by up to 50%, thereby minimizing soil, water, and air pollution. Nano-fertilizers do not completely eliminate traditional fertilizers or promote nutrient runoff. Instead, they help reduce the environmental fallout of conventional fertilizer use by improving nutrient delivery to crops and minimizing waste. Incorrect Solution: D The main environmental advantage of nano-fertilizers is their high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), with over 85% efficiency, as plants absorb nitrogen more effectively due to the nano-sized particles. This results in reduced nutrient wastage, with fertilizer usage cut by up to 50%, thereby minimizing soil, water, and air pollution. Nano-fertilizers do not completely eliminate traditional fertilizers or promote nutrient runoff. Instead, they help reduce the environmental fallout of conventional fertilizer use by improving nutrient delivery to crops and minimizing waste.
#### 6. Question
What is the main environmental benefit of nano-fertilizers compared to traditional fertilizers?
• a) Nano-fertilizers are entirely organic and biodegradable
• b) Nano-fertilizers increase nutrient runoff into water bodies, enhancing aquatic ecosystems
• c) Nano-fertilizers completely eliminate the need for chemical fertilizers
• d) Nano-fertilizers reduce nutrient wastage and pollution, cutting fertilizer use by 50%
Solution: D
The main environmental advantage of nano-fertilizers is their high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), with over 85% efficiency, as plants absorb nitrogen more effectively due to the nano-sized particles. This results in reduced nutrient wastage, with fertilizer usage cut by up to 50%, thereby minimizing soil, water, and air pollution. Nano-fertilizers do not completely eliminate traditional fertilizers or promote nutrient runoff. Instead, they help reduce the environmental fallout of conventional fertilizer use by improving nutrient delivery to crops and minimizing waste.
Solution: D
The main environmental advantage of nano-fertilizers is their high nutrient use efficiency (NUE), with over 85% efficiency, as plants absorb nitrogen more effectively due to the nano-sized particles. This results in reduced nutrient wastage, with fertilizer usage cut by up to 50%, thereby minimizing soil, water, and air pollution. Nano-fertilizers do not completely eliminate traditional fertilizers or promote nutrient runoff. Instead, they help reduce the environmental fallout of conventional fertilizer use by improving nutrient delivery to crops and minimizing waste.
• Question 7 of 10 7. Question 1 points Consider the following statements regarding swamps: Swamps are found only in tropical regions. Swamps can be either freshwater or saltwater ecosystems. Swamps are usually located in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: C Swamps can be freshwater or saltwater ecosystems, depending on their proximity to rivers, lakes, or coastlines. They are typically found in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates, such as floodplains, coastal regions, or low-lying areas. Statement 1 is incorrect because swamps are not limited to tropical regions; they can occur in various climatic zones, including temperate and subtropical regions. Incorrect Solution: C Swamps can be freshwater or saltwater ecosystems, depending on their proximity to rivers, lakes, or coastlines. They are typically found in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates, such as floodplains, coastal regions, or low-lying areas. Statement 1 is incorrect because swamps are not limited to tropical regions; they can occur in various climatic zones, including temperate and subtropical regions.
#### 7. Question
Consider the following statements regarding swamps:
• Swamps are found only in tropical regions.
• Swamps can be either freshwater or saltwater ecosystems.
• Swamps are usually located in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) 2 only
• (b) 1 and 3 only
• (c) 2 and 3 only
• (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution: C
Swamps can be freshwater or saltwater ecosystems, depending on their proximity to rivers, lakes, or coastlines. They are typically found in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates, such as floodplains, coastal regions, or low-lying areas.
Statement 1 is incorrect because swamps are not limited to tropical regions; they can occur in various climatic zones, including temperate and subtropical regions.
Solution: C
Swamps can be freshwater or saltwater ecosystems, depending on their proximity to rivers, lakes, or coastlines. They are typically found in areas with poor drainage where water accumulates, such as floodplains, coastal regions, or low-lying areas.
Statement 1 is incorrect because swamps are not limited to tropical regions; they can occur in various climatic zones, including temperate and subtropical regions.
• Question 8 of 10 8. Question 1 points What does the term “Disease X” refer to? (a) A hypothetical pathogen that could cause a future pandemic (b) A known disease caused by mutations in genetic material (c) A bacterial infection caused by unknown sources (d) A new type of influenza virus Correct Solution: A Disease X is a term coined by scientists and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a hypothetical pathogen that has the potential to cause a major future pandemic. It refers to a yet-unknown virus, bacterium, or fungus that could emerge with no existing treatment or cure. Disease X represents the unpredictability of future microbial threats to human health and emphasizes the need for preparedness. Incorrect Solution: A Disease X is a term coined by scientists and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a hypothetical pathogen that has the potential to cause a major future pandemic. It refers to a yet-unknown virus, bacterium, or fungus that could emerge with no existing treatment or cure. Disease X represents the unpredictability of future microbial threats to human health and emphasizes the need for preparedness.
#### 8. Question
What does the term “Disease X” refer to?
• (a) A hypothetical pathogen that could cause a future pandemic
• (b) A known disease caused by mutations in genetic material
• (c) A bacterial infection caused by unknown sources
• (d) A new type of influenza virus
Solution: A
Disease X is a term coined by scientists and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a hypothetical pathogen that has the potential to cause a major future pandemic. It refers to a yet-unknown virus, bacterium, or fungus that could emerge with no existing treatment or cure. Disease X represents the unpredictability of future microbial threats to human health and emphasizes the need for preparedness.
Solution: A
Disease X is a term coined by scientists and the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a hypothetical pathogen that has the potential to cause a major future pandemic. It refers to a yet-unknown virus, bacterium, or fungus that could emerge with no existing treatment or cure. Disease X represents the unpredictability of future microbial threats to human health and emphasizes the need for preparedness.
• Question 9 of 10 9. Question 1 points Which of the following is not an initiative of BRICS? (a) BRICS Payment System (b) Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) (c) New Development Bank (NDB) (d) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Correct Solution: D The BRICS group has launched several initiatives, such as the New Development Bank (NDB), the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), the BRICS Payment System, and Customs Agreements. These initiatives aim to promote financial stability, cooperation, and development among BRICS nations. However, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is not a BRICS initiative but a separate multilateral development bank led by China. Incorrect Solution: D The BRICS group has launched several initiatives, such as the New Development Bank (NDB), the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), the BRICS Payment System, and Customs Agreements. These initiatives aim to promote financial stability, cooperation, and development among BRICS nations. However, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is not a BRICS initiative but a separate multilateral development bank led by China.
#### 9. Question
Which of the following is not an initiative of BRICS?
• (a) BRICS Payment System
• (b) Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)
• (c) New Development Bank (NDB)
• (d) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
Solution: D
The BRICS group has launched several initiatives, such as the New Development Bank (NDB), the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), the BRICS Payment System, and Customs Agreements. These initiatives aim to promote financial stability, cooperation, and development among BRICS nations. However, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is not a BRICS initiative but a separate multilateral development bank led by China.
Solution: D
The BRICS group has launched several initiatives, such as the New Development Bank (NDB), the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA), the BRICS Payment System, and Customs Agreements. These initiatives aim to promote financial stability, cooperation, and development among BRICS nations. However, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is not a BRICS initiative but a separate multilateral development bank led by China.
• Question 10 of 10 10. Question 1 points Which of the following represents a significant application of green hydrogen in water management? (a) It is used to recycle wastewater more efficiently (b) It enhances the capacity of hydropower stations (c) It powers desalination plants to produce freshwater (d) It powers irrigation systems for agriculture Correct Solution: C Green hydrogen has the potential to power desalination plants, which convert saltwater into freshwater, playing a crucial role in sustainable water management. By using renewable energy sources like green hydrogen, desalination plants can operate without emitting greenhouse gases, making them more environmentally friendly. This application is particularly important for regions facing freshwater scarcity, helping them meet their water needs in a sustainable manner. Incorrect Solution: C Green hydrogen has the potential to power desalination plants, which convert saltwater into freshwater, playing a crucial role in sustainable water management. By using renewable energy sources like green hydrogen, desalination plants can operate without emitting greenhouse gases, making them more environmentally friendly. This application is particularly important for regions facing freshwater scarcity, helping them meet their water needs in a sustainable manner.
#### 10. Question
Which of the following represents a significant application of green hydrogen in water management?
• (a) It is used to recycle wastewater more efficiently
• (b) It enhances the capacity of hydropower stations
• (c) It powers desalination plants to produce freshwater
• (d) It powers irrigation systems for agriculture
Solution: C
Green hydrogen has the potential to power desalination plants, which convert saltwater into freshwater, playing a crucial role in sustainable water management. By using renewable energy sources like green hydrogen, desalination plants can operate without emitting greenhouse gases, making them more environmentally friendly. This application is particularly important for regions facing freshwater scarcity, helping them meet their water needs in a sustainable manner.
Solution: C
Green hydrogen has the potential to power desalination plants, which convert saltwater into freshwater, playing a crucial role in sustainable water management. By using renewable energy sources like green hydrogen, desalination plants can operate without emitting greenhouse gases, making them more environmentally friendly. This application is particularly important for regions facing freshwater scarcity, helping them meet their water needs in a sustainable manner.
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